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2. The associations between type 2 diabetes and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in the Health and Aging Brain Study: Health Disparities (HABS-HD).

Author

Yu, Fang, Pituch, Keenan A., Maxfield, Molly, Baena, Elsa, Geda, Yonas E., Pruzin, Jeremy J., Coon, David W., and Shaibi, Gabriel Q.

Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease, TYPE 2 diabetes, TAU proteins, BLOOD sugar, MEXICAN Americans
Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects Latinos disproportionately. One of the reasons underlying this disparity may be type 2 diabetes (T2D) that is a risk factor for AD. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of T2D and AD blood biomarkers and the differences in these associations between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Whites. This study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from the observational Health and Aging Brain Study: Health Disparities (HABS-HD) that investigated factors underlying health disparities in AD in Mexican Americans in comparison to non-Hispanic Whites. HABS-HD participants were excluded if they had missing data or were large outliers (z-scores >|4|) on a given AD biomarker. Fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured from clinical labs. T2D was diagnosed by licensed clinicians. Plasma amyloid-beta 42 and 40 (Aβ42/42) ratio, total tau (t-tau), and neurofilament light (NfL) were measured via ultra-sensitive Simoa assays. The sample sizes were 1,552 for Aβ42/40 ratio, 1,570 for t-tau, and 1,553 for NfL. Mexican Americans were younger (66.6±8.7 vs. 69.5±8.6) and had more female (64.9% female vs. 55.1%) and fewer years of schooling (9.5±4.6 vs. 15.6±2.5) than non-Hispanic Whites. Mexican Americans differed significantly from non-Hispanic Whites in blood glucose (113.5±36.6 vs. 99.2±17.0) and HbA1c (6.33±1.4 vs. 5.51±0.6) levels, T2D diagnosis (35.3% vs. 11.1%), as well as blood Aβ42/40 ratio (.051±.012 vs..047±.011), t-tau (2.56±.95 vs. 2.33±.90), and NfL levels (16.3±9.5 vs. 20.3±10.3). Blood glucose, blood HbA1c, and T2D diagnosis were not related to Aβ42/40 ratio and t-tau but explained 3.7% of the variation in NfL (p <.001). Blood glucose and T2D diagnosis were not, while HbA1c was positively (b = 2.31, p <.001, β = 0.26), associated with NfL among Mexican Americans. In contrast, blood glucose, HbA1c, and T2D diagnosis were negatively (b = -0.09, p <.01, β = -0.26), not (b = 0.34, p =.71, β = 0.04), and positively (b = 3.32, p <.01, β = 0.33) associated with NfL, respectively in non-Hispanic Whites. To conclude, blood glucose and HbA1c levels and T2D diagnosis are associated with plasma NfL levels, but not plasma Aβ and t-tau levels. These associations differ in an ethnicity-specific manner and need to be further studied as a potential mechanism underlying AD disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. 2019 Health Equity Summer Research Summit Organized by the Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA on June 18th, 2019

Author

Uribe-Gomez, A, primary, Salinas-Miranda, Abraham A., additional, Turner, Acara E., additional, Strutt, Adriana M., additional, Joseph, Adrienne, additional, Wright, Alex, additional, Martin, Alexander C., additional, Milton, Alexis N., additional, Khoei, Amelia, additional, Kanakamedala, Amritha, additional, Iyinbor, Angie, additional, O, Anna, additional, Morrow, Asha, additional, Butler, Ashley M., additional, Young, Ashley, additional, Shah, Asim, additional, Matin, Asna, additional, Christiansen, Audrey E., additional, Ibrahimou, Boubakari, additional, Alonzo, Breanna, additional, Ossenkop, Chase, additional, O, Carli, additional, Hsu, Chih-Wei, additional, Ikeanyionwu, Charles, additional, Anyanwu, Chinwe, additional, Rivas, Charlotte, additional, Ikedionwu, Chioma A., additional, Anugwom, Chioma, additional, Broda, Christopher R., additional, Bocchini, Claire, additional, Cummins, Claire, additional, Rooney, Cliona M., additional, Keo-Meier, Colton L., additional, Johnson, Connor, additional, Miller-Chism, Courtney, additional, Titus, Courtney, additional, Parker, Crystal L., additional, Bird, Cylaina, additional, Mauck, Daniel, additional, Persse, David, additional, Austin, Deborah A., additional, Dongarwar, Deepa, additional, Cherla, Deepa V., additional, Wolf, Dwayne, additional, Schwartz, Eleanor Bimla, additional, Petrova, Elena, additional, Perli, Elias, additional, Shell, Elisabeth, additional, Tran, Elizabeth U., additional, Baena, Elsa, additional, Lopez, Elyse, additional, Berry, Estrellita, additional, Rodriguez, Evadne, additional, Faustinella, Fabrizia, additional, Ihekweazu, Faith D., additional, Jiwani, Faiz, additional, Chmaitelli, Gabriella P., additional, Chan, Galant, additional, Wang, Haijun, additional, Salihu, Hamisu M., additional, Combs, Hannah L., additional, Rogers, Hayley, additional, Haq, Heather, additional, Sosa, Iberia Romina, additional, Jose, Irene E., additional, Griffin, Isabel, additional, Cao, J., additional, Montealegre, Jane, additional, Salemi, Jason L., additional, Chang, Jennifer, additional, Stinson, Jennifer M., additional, Mills, JL, additional, Schulte, Joann, additional, Thomas, Joel, additional, Prochaska, John, additional, Saunders, John, additional, Go, Jonathan, additional, Lim, Jonathan, additional, Salley, Jordan, additional, Pineda, Josue Estiven, additional, Tabilona, Jules, additional, Holihan, Julie L., additional, Bowen-Jallow, Kanika, additional, Bernardi, Karla, additional, Fredricks, Karla, additional, Salciccioli, Katherine B., additional, Lopez, Keila N., additional, Barning, Kenneth, additional, Vuong, Kevin Dat, additional, Yusuf, Korede K., additional, Myers, Kristopher, additional, Wilson, Kyle, additional, Laufman, Larry E., additional, Love, Latanya J., additional, Nolan, Lauren, additional, Schoen, Lauren, additional, Huang, Lillian, additional, King, Lindsey M., additional, Nunez, Lisa F., additional, Brown, Louis, additional, Hernandez, Luna, additional, Hydod, Lynn, additional, Rossetti, M. Agustina, additional, Allman, Madeleine, additional, Khan, Mahmood, additional, Marty, Makenna, additional, Lee, MaKenzie D., additional, Jaramillo, Maria A., additional, Vigil, Maria, additional, Boyle, Mariaelena, additional, Masciale, Marina, additional, Hilliard, Marisa, additional, Munoz, Marisela, additional, Dickinson, Mary E., additional, Bell, Meishon, additional, York, Michele K., additional, Loor, Michelle, additional, Lopez, Michelle, additional, Liang, Mike K., additional, Aziz, Moez Karim, additional, Karla, Moriel, additional, Osazuma, Nancy, additional, Ramirez, Natalya, additional, Navejar, Natasha, additional, Cort, Nicol, additional, Lyons, Nicole B., additional, Perez, Norma, additional, Barshes, NR, additional, Barron, Olivia A., additional, Olavarria, Oscar A., additional, Constable, Petra, additional, Nwokolo, Phyllis, additional, Omokaro, Precious, additional, Patel, Premal, additional, Vallabh, Prithvi, additional, Shah, Puja, additional, Yusuf, Rafeek A., additional, Rosero, Rebecca A., additional, Lunstroth, Rebecca, additional, Obure, Renice, additional, Beach, Robert, additional, Goin-Kochel, Robin, additional, Parihar, Robin, additional, Zoorob, Roger, additional, Wilson, Ronee E., additional, Schmidt, Rosa Michelle, additional, Pettit, Rowland, additional, Udoetuk, Sade C., additional, Tasnim, Sadia, additional, Khan, Sara, additional, Adnan, Sareema, additional, Rodriguez, Sean, additional, Anandasabapathy, Sharmila, additional, Nesbitt, Shawna, additional, Bhushan, Sheena, additional, Sharath, Sherene, additional, Rogers, SO, additional, Dinh, Son, additional, Banu, Sophia, additional, Rose, Stacey, additional, Drake, Stacy, additional, Morain, Stephanie, additional, McCauley, Stephen R., additional, Abdelaziz, Sue, additional, Malik, Tahir, additional, Rasmussen, Tara L., additional, Shum, Thomas, additional, Raphel, Tiana, additional, Ko, Tien C., additional, Harris, Toi, additional, Hadley, Trevor, additional, Akoma, Uchechukwu, additional, Eduok, Uwem Bridgette, additional, Armendariz, Victoria, additional, Cole-Lewis, Yasmin C., additional, Al-Mohtaseb, Zaina, additional, and Yusuf, Zenab, additional

Published
2020
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6. Functional Compensation in Response to Increasing Task Difficulty: Comparing Semantic and Episodic Memory Tasks in Young and Older Adults

Author

Ryan, Lee T., Glisky, Elizabeth, Nadel, Lynn, Alexander, Gene, Baena, Elsa, Ryan, Lee T., Glisky, Elizabeth, Nadel, Lynn, Alexander, Gene, and Baena, Elsa

Abstract

Previous fMRI studies have demonstrated that older adults who perform as well as young adults on certain cognitive tasks recruit additional brain regions relative to younger adults while performing these tasks. This phenomenon has been interpreted as a compensatory response and may reflect an effort to maintain performance in the face of increasing changes in cognitive difficulty or age-related brain changes in structure and/or function. Whether the compensatory response is specific to older adults or represents a more general response of any individual to increasing task difficulty is unclear. The present fMRI experiment explored age differences in brain activity associated with increases in task difficulty in two tasks, an episodic-retrieval task that is expected to be difficult for older compared to young adults, and a lexical-semantic task that is expected to be more difficult for young compared to older adults. In the lexical-semantic task, participants judged whether pairs of words were synonyms or antonyms. In the episodic task that followed, participants made yes/no memory judgments for the word pairs previously presented. Difficulty was manipulated using word frequency -low frequency words are more difficult in the lexical-semantic judgment task and easier in the episodic task. Young (ages 18-24) and older healthy adults (ages 60-83) were scanned on a 3T GE magnet using a single-shot spiral pulse sequence. Behavioral results showed a double dissociation – older adults were adversely affected by word frequency in the episodic but not the semantic task, while young adults were adversely affected by word frequency in the semantic but not the episodic task. Both groups showed activation in similar task-related and task-general regions regardless of difficulty level). Age-related differences were observed for task-specific and linear increases due to difficulty. Linear increases in fMRI activation were associated with younger adults showing increased task diffic

Published
2017

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