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Development of technology and expansion of different types of sophisticated terminal devices resulted in an increase of the variety of operating systems. Besides classical devices like personal computers or smartphones driven by conventional operating systems, a number of modern categories of devices with built-in newly developed unconventional operating systems emerged. A classification of terminal devices followed by a comprehensive overview of all the types of OS and an analysis of the trends in their further development were required. This paper provide an overview of the operating systems of smart vehicles, smartwatches, smart TVs and smart home speakers, as well as their global market shares.

With the ever-increasing occurrence of internet devices in the everyday life local networks around the world are transformed into Internet of Things (IoT) environments, thus increasing the potential surface for attack by malicious actors. On the other hand, within such IoT environments there is a need for an increasing number of network routers to increase network capacity. Vulnerabilities in these network routers in such situations directly affects the security of an entire IoT environment. In this paper three different network routers have been tested and analyzed for vulnerabilities using program tools, as well as by accessing a physical interface on a circuit board of a device. Based on the results, a comparative analysis was carried out to assess potential damage within the IoT environment and then a proposal was made on how to protect the routers within such IoT environment.

End-user devices have the ability of accessing data networks and thereby generate data traffic. The amount of generated data traffic depends on many factors, including features of the device and the services it uses. Data access network is also one of the key determining factors of the amount of generated data traffic. In this paper, authors compared the amount of generated data traffic resulting from reproducing the same media content using a YouTube application during equal time frames. Three different applications were used to measure data traffic volume: GlassWire, My Data Manager, and 3G Watchdog. The measurements were performed via Wi-Fi and through mobile communication network. The results were compared in terms of how the amount of generated data traffic was displayed on each of the applications.

This issue contains all accepted papers from conference, which is described in more details below. We hope all published papers contribute to the academic society and provide interesting reading and valuable research results. Conference details: - Conference full name: Research Conference In Technical Disciplines - Conference short name: RCITD - Conference edition: 6th - Conference dates: November 5 - 11, 2018 - Conference web page: www.rcitd.com - Conference online archive: www.rcitd.com/archive

The constant growth of Internet users affected on the increasing numbers of users that are buying online. With the arrival of new technologies and increase of technical characteristics of terminal devices, new opportunities for improvement of current e-Business systems are being created. Implementation of virtual environment in the e-Business system leads to increased customer satisfaction and generally improvement of quality of service from user’s point of view. It also increases the revenue and achieve competitive advantage for organizations. Implementation of virtual environment refers to organizations which are selling merchandise online. For this research, survey was conducted to obtain customer habits in the city of Zagreb as a central city in Republic of Croatia. The aim of the survey was to define customer requirements. The research objectives are to propose the system architecture for delivering the service of web shop and to show its development in virtual environment.

Graph databases are continuously rising in popularity, as well as other types of NoSQL databases. RDF databases, as a type of graph databases are also starting to grow in popularity, but are still very little used. There are many discussions about advantages of various types of databases one over another. This paper focuses on RDF databases and their potential. Comparison of systems that support RDF model and those that support graph databases only with property graph model is performed according to several important characteristics. Results show similarities and differences in their support for database management.

This paper analyzes the role and importance of public media in the parliamentary election campaign on the example of Croatian radio – Radio Zadar in the city of Zadar in the Republic of Croatia. The aim of the paper was to investigate whether Croatian radio - Radio Zadar as a public radio station in the city of Zadar fulfilled the role and task of the public media in monitoring the parliamentary election campaign in the Republic of Croatia in 2015. The research was conducted in the period from October 23rd to November 6th, 2015. The body of research consisting of 135 news items was selected according to the criterion of monitoring the parliamentary election campaign. Through the method of qualitative and quantitative content analysis, the representation of political parties, the attitude of journalists and editors towards candidates and topics, and the representation of associations and state election commissions in the program with election topics in the news program of the Radio Zadar was investigated.

Research has shown that using a mobile device while driving increases the risk of traffic accidents by up to five times. From 2010 to 2014, Croatia has doubled the number of offenses caused using mobile device while driving. Current methods of prevention have succeeded in reducing the number of offenses (reduction of 6% in 2016), which justifies the investment in ways to improve prevention. Except the financial penalties, activities in the form of prevention and awareness raising about the negative impact of the use of mobile devices on driver behavior and the safety of road traffic in Croatia are insufficiently pronounced. The aim of this research is to determine the intensity of the use of mobile devices and to find to what extent would certain technical, technological and regulatory measures trigger a reduction in use.

Cloud computing (CC) offers its unique scalable and all time available services to the user. As service provision is an important part of the Cloud computing concept, the proper choice of the needed service according to the users’ needs is of most relevance. This research provides a review of Cloud service selection approach of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). MCDA enables the user to choose from several available choices based on the chosen criteria. In this paper, the criteria and subcriteria for choosing Cloud services in accordance with Cloud computing service model have been analysed.

Conflict management is a challenging activity for managers in almost all organisations in the world. After the theoretical background of the topic related to the conflict resolution area, this paper brings three case studies of big- size organisations from Croatia: two enterprises and one school. The primary research methodology was an interview. Interviews were conducted with responsible persons in organisations. Results of the research are compared to one study conducted in 2001 and they are similar.

This paper presents the differences between operating systems (OS) of terminal devices and their characteristics in generating data traffic. An important factor in generating data traffic is also the OS of terminal device because each OS does not generate equal amount of data traffic. The aim of this paper is to show how much data traffic generate terminal devices that use different OSs. By accessing different networks, the same device also detects differences in generating data traffic. Obtained data from the study also shows the differences and characteristics of each OS. Data traffic measurements were performed by viewing the same video track using the YouTube application on all terminal devices and using NetWorx, SurPlusMeter, My Data Manager and Daily Data Sense applications. Access to the data network was achieved using Wi-Fi, UMTS and LTE networks. Based on obtained data by this study, a comparison of data traffic was made for each OS.

We made an archaeoacoustic exploration at Enclosure D in the Göbekli Tepe archeological site. This site is the most ancient archaeological location recognized by archaeologists all over the world. It was dated 7,000 years before the Egyptian pyramids. Thanks to the site’s discoverer we had the possibility to record the vibrations coming from the subsoil, magnetic fields and the sound produced by hitting with hand on central pillar n.18. The results are amazing and confirm that Göbekli Tepe has the same archaeoacoustic aspects of many other typical sacred sites we have studied in Europe and Minor Asia. However the most interesting finding was understanding that the pillar we examined is probably at the centre of a sophisticated mechanism of vibrations and magnetic fields affecting the brain. This discovery is in contrast with our knowledge of the level of technology produced by the civilization who built these sacred temples. Our results have to be considered as preliminary results, however due to the death of the person who discovered the site and the current geopolitical situation in Turkey we cannot continue the research. We hope other researchers will be able to confirm our results in future.

The main goal of the research is to design a system conceptual architecture for adaptive service with the aim to deliver information to drivers in traffic environment which form targeted user group (users with hearing impairment, speech impairment, dyslexia, dysgraphia, color blindness and physical impairment). The purpose of informing service is to offer a realtime information in traffic environment, road assistance service and to raise the quality of life of users and their involvment in traffic environment. The suggested service with its functionalities is based on contemporary technologies for delivering information in traffic environment and architecture is based on Cloud Computing concept. The proposed service is realized in the form of an application solution that provides the user with the necessary information adapted to their disability. With the suggested architecture, it is possible to raise the quality of life and mobility of the users in traffic environment.

In 2012, as part of its response to mobile digital divide, the Nigerian government introduced mobile phone subsidies to rural farmers and did not seem to have achieved the expected results. It was argued that no necessary analysis of socioeconomic factors affecting mobile phone ownership had been conducted previously. The paper took advantage of this period to examine socio-economic factors affecting the probability of mobile phone ownership in Nigeria. In order to estimate a logit model we used national representative data from DataFirst on households and individuals ICT access and usage in 2011-2012. In contrast to what had previously been thought, we found out that poverty may not be correlated with the probability of owning a mobile phone. Type of electricity source, education, and activity has the greatest effect on the probability of owning a mobile phone. The findings may help to improve more coordinated digital divide policy, and serve as a complement to ICT Roadmap 2017 to 2020 in Nigeria and similar countries.

It is our pleasure to introduce you this Proceedings. This book contains all accepted papers from conference, which is described below in more details. We hope published papers contribute to the academic society and provide interesting information for researchers world wide. This conference is focused on advances in technical fields and covers information and communication systems, applied computer science, electrical and electronic engineering, automotive area and other. These proceedings contain the 10 papers accepted and presented at the 5th International Virtual Research Conference in Technical Disciplines (RCITD), held at www.rcitd.com , on November 13 - 17, 2017. Every submitted paper went through a rigorous review process. Each paper received more than two reviews from Scientific and Technical Committees. We thank all the authors who submitted papers and all the members of the Scientific Committee (Reviewers).

Development of information and communication system and its frequent use in various sectors (private and business) requires strategic approach in protection of users’ privacy and data. This paper analyzes strategic development of cyber security in Republic of Croatia and gives a comparison with EU member’s strategy. Also, this paper identifies deficiencies and gives the improvement guidance of National cyber security strategy according to guidelines prescribed by ENISA.

The phenomena of added (virtual) mass of the submerged structure exposed to vibration are evaluated experimentally using delta residual force vector. The proposed approach is based on the experimentally identified modal parameters i.e. natural frequencies and natural modes ; however it requires the finite element model of structure, as well. The added mass is detected as fraction of finite element mass (change of element mass) and therefore good estimate of the model matrices is required. The procedure involves the model update and the reduction of system matrices and their respective roles have been discussed. Depending on the available number of modes it is possible to determine the distribution of the added mass along of the submerged part of structure. The theoretical background is provided and proposed technique of detection of locally added mass is compared to the classical concept of modal added mass.

—For the purpose of this research, questionnaire was conducted in Zagreb area in order to collect requirements of visually impaired persons on usage of social networks. Social networks can be built according to the universal design principles that allows access to services and content to a wider specter of users. The accessibility of Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn was tested in order to see how their accessibility is managed. The analysis also shows which content is made satisfactorily in terms of accessibility and which one is not. Based on the result are proposed guidelines for improving social network accessibility.

Over the years, SB research group has carried out investigations at two Romans archaeological sites with thermal baths; in Serbia in 2013 and more recently the Laško area in Slovenia. In both cases we found the positioning of the Roman baths is to be much more than a purely random act, because in both sites all the equipment used detected deep infrasounds from underground. It is conceivable that when the human body is immersed in the thermal water, it is invested integrally by certain vibrations which have an effect on the physical body generating a sense of wellbeing. It is also believed that empirical knowledge of thermal waters (originating from the Etruscans) was utilized by the soothsayers of the Roman Empire, the augurs, to locate the baths to obtain the maximum benefit from natural wellbeing properties. Using advanced devices we added weight to this hypothesis through use of archaeoacoustic methodology.

Archaeoacoustics provides a way of offering new interpretations on anthropological questions pertaining to ancient architecture and populations. We made an archaeoacoustic analysis of a medieval castle (Gropparello) in Italy built over a likely ancient sacred site known from Celtic period of that area. Our results show a great number of physical phenomena that appear to exist only within the area of the castle but they are not detectable in the surrounding neighborhood. In particular we found infrasounds, audible low frequencies and spiral magnetic fields able to affect brain activity. We can presume that the myth of a sacred site pre-existing in the location where the castle was built is real. The site seems to have the same characteristics we found in other sacred sites in Europe and Asia.

This paper presents a mathematical model for estimating total cost of ownership (TCO) of residential post-paid cell phone plans for mobile services in order to predict TCO over time. Several cost drivers of TCO are quantified, including calls, messaging, data transfers, and the choice of time unit for billing calls. The model may help analysts and end users alike optimize the cost, understand its components and principal drivers and ultimately choose the most cost-effective option among numerous cell phone plans from various operators, thereby reducing the risk of costly decisions based on irrational choices or biases.

This research on user requirements defines functionalities of the Web 2.0 systems for the targeted user group (elderly, people with impaired vision, hearing, speech, and neurodegenerative diseases - TUG) in order to improve the quality of their lives. For this purpose, there is a proposal of Web 2.0 technologies (HTML5 and PHP) whose functionalities allow dynamism and adaptability of information to the TUG. Architecture of solution is based on Cloud Computing (CC) technology which provides 24/7 support for provision of service and safety. Functionalities defined in this paper, are in fact a form of an assistive technology, which allows a registration of the TUG and enables a necessary adjustment of websites according to the degree of deficiency. Due to the functionalities listed within this paper, developed application solution allows the TUG to spend their third age in a dignified manner, providing them with the possibility to have more interaction with people and the opportunity to participate in various activities in their fields of interest.

This paper provides an overview of the main characteristics and development of the new generation of mobile communication systems known as Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN). As predicted, current exploitation of the fourth generation mobile communication systems (4G) will reach 50 billion connected devices by 2020. Expectations are that its successor, currently developing fifth generation (5G), is going to be operable by 2020. This new generation of mobile communication systems tends to become a technology platform that will enable the development of new applications, business models, industries, such as massive machine-type communications. This will be possible primarily through the creation of acceptable ecosystem that could provide a massive machine-type communication using a single platform based on the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. NGMN enables the integration of all so far known and used machine-type communications, creating an environment of smart cities and a fully networked society under the new concept of Internet of Everything (IoE). However, such network also poses specific performance requirements reflected through higher transmission speeds, higher data volumes, reduced energy consumption, higher quality of service, and growth in the number of services and users of currently deployed mobile generation.

Since 2009 Croatia has been stuck in recession. Additionally, mobile market has suffered from several negative market conditions, including short-lived specific telecommunication tax, sustained drops of mobile revenues and demand. The main purpose of the present study is to provide overview of main mobile market performance indicators like general economic background, competition in the mobile market, mobile subscriptions, and mobile traffic development during demanding market conditions during 2009-2013. The results concluded that causal effects of a telecommunication tax on mobile price and operators’ price-quality behavior require immediate investigation. These may serve as guidelines for further research.

Nowadays involvement and engagement of people in everyday activities is even more spread. The integration of different competencies and experiences is conceived as an enrichment in every kind of activity thanks to the value achieved by the individual and social resources. Fruitful interactions among actors, is known as co-creation because of the necessary involvement of different actors, with their resources and skills to achieve value and it is framed in the service logic literature. This kind of approach was originally applied to the companies' management and governance; more recently, involvement of people is considered as a tool to improve city's services. Interactions of multiple and different actors (as citizens, local institutions and organizations) towards mutual and common interests could be at best represented by LLs process. Hence, the aim of the research is to compare the main features of the literature on co-creation with the LLs approach through a content analysis conducted by NVivo on official documents released by each LL and by Enoll, the European Network of Living Labs. The pivotal role assigned to the actors (supported by ICTs) in widespread theories on urban smartization processes, such as in LLs process theories, brought the authors to select only LLs that have as main focus urban context management and smartization process. The results led authors to observe a connection between the cocreation domain and the LLs process as the most relevant features emerging in both cases.

The increasing attention on smart cities has led to the creation of a wide range of initiatives and projects all around the world, aiming at the enhancement of innovation and citizens’ quality of life. The focus on different features for the deployment of these projects is mainly related both to the involvement of cities’ stakeholders, playing a variety of roles in the smartization process, and the choice of a particular type of funding, among which the mixed solution of public-private partnerships (PPPs). Thanks to the analysis of some smart city projects, selected on the basis of European Union reports, the aim of this work is to identify the main characteristics of the application of PPP in smart contexts and underline the relationship between smart city projects and city smartness.

To extend the understanding of which operator provides the lowest price we have conducted mobile telephony price benchmarking in Croatia for 2014. During this period we have collected data for 21 residential tariffs of the three largest Croatian mobile network operators. Five pre-defined usage baskets were used to simulate various usage patterns. Analytical tool was developed to calculate the cost. Results suggest that, in overall, the most cost-effective operator is Tele2, followed by Hrvatski telekom and Vipnet. These results can be used for operators’ strategic positioning on the market, and by end-users and experts alike in decision making about mobile tariffs.

In this article the basic variable neighborhood search (VNS) approach and its extensions are applied to solve the task assignment problem. Emphasis is placed on comparing the computational results and reliability in the case of a small number of iterations. Four different approaches within VNS were compared and the computational results were statistically analyzed for different numbers of iterations.

The complex processes of a city smartization determine a not simple choice of the financial solutions. Different studies consider that the funding model to realize a smart city must shift from the use of “traditional” tools to some financial mixed solutions. Our work aimed at analyze Public Private Partnership (PPP) as one of the main tools for smart city financing in order to understand if they are the best possible solution. In detail, after the literature review on the main financial instruments for smart city and a focus on typologies, risks and benefits of PPP, we have conducted a desk analysis based on collecting data from existing resources as official documents and websites about the European PPP market trends and the usage of PPP in smart city contexts. The findings show that PPPs, despite some their criticalities, have supported the most successful smart city projects in Europe.

Smart city's conceptualizations and interventions are gaining more and more space recently, both in management literature and in city managers’ agendas. By the way, recently a new approach is acquiring relevance, namely the 'sustainable city', as a new way to approach to the resources’ management of a city and to the implementation of services, both old ones and innovative ones. In order to understand if these two topics are related from the scholars’ point of view and which are the possible connections, the authors want to perform a bibliometric analysis to investigate on the ties between smart and sustainable. The results from our investigations show that, as the labels previously examined, it is not easy to define this more recent conceptualization because it is still hard to observe it from an all-inclusive point of view.

The paper aims to depict the possible integration between cultural heritage management and smart city approach in the same context. The UNESCO provides a continuous growing list of cities to be safeguarded and in recent years lots of cities are planning and deploying smart investments to improve the quality of life for citizens and for the other stakeholders. In order to deepen the relations emerging into contexts safeguarded by UNESCO and investing to become smarter some areas combining the two perspectives are investigated in this paper through the analysis of official reports and investment plans of some cities. The evidences from three European cities favour the consideration of the need to integrate both perspectives when strategizing in cities; moreover, the role of culture is relevant in both safeguard and smartization, as it can lead to performance favouring the achievement of the three dimensions of the sustainable development. The evidences are even useful to define suggestions for city managers and to propose new research to be done to investigate in-depth the way in which cultural heritage cities can be managed and enable their smartization by levering on culture in a multi-stakeholder ecosystem.

This paper explores the relationship between legislative changes and newspapers in 1989 and 1990 illustrated with an analysis of local newspapers published in the city of Zadar, Croatia, “Fokus” and “Narodni list”. The defined research period covers the time when a monthly “Fokus” was published, i.e. from February 9, 1989 to September 22, 1990. The period analyzed was characterized with the beginning of a period of transition in Croatia, as a reflection on social and political events in countries of Central and South-East Europe. The research was based on newspaper articles included in the category of Legislative changes. We analyzed 106 newspaper issues and 1175 newspaper articles, including 43 articles published in the category of Legislative changes. Descriptive and explanatory methods were employed in the paper, as well as the method of qualitative content analysis. The research results have shown local newspapers “Narodni list” and “Fokus” actively informed their readers about legislative changes occurring in Croatia by the beginning of the process of democratization, covering all fields of human activities ; within the framework of introduction of new laws and amendments to the current ones, paying special attention to the name of the official language in Croatia.

Nowadays the governance of an urban context has a central priority given the increasing level of complexity of it, and the criticality rises when the city decide to start a smartization process. Indeed, the success of a smart city is strictly linked to choices on its governance but despite this the studies on the theme is still lacking. The principal aim of present work is analyse how the element of city governance is considered in literature, with a particular focus on innovative smart context. For this purpose we have conducted a bibliometric analysis on “governance” and “city (ies)”, and “governance” and “smart city (ies)”. In summary, the results from our investigations show that even though there is a gap in the literature on smart city governance, some elements derived from the analysis conducted can be well attributed also to the smart city.

Many studies have been developed on both smart city concept and features but literature is still less focused on urban governance model and sustainability, the latter considered in all its three dimensions (economic, social and environmental). After the analysis of researches and studies on these themes and in particular, on the linkages between governance and sustainability, we have selected six cases, considering the top performing smart cities in the European Union. The principal aims of the analysis concerning the response to two questions on the main elements that affecting the choice of governance model and the relationship between the latter and the three dimensions of sustainability. The findings have shown both the role of starting points and sustainability aims in smartization processes, and the importance of public-private partnership (PPP) as a governance model.

This paper presents the results of the subjective evaluation of Quality of Experience (QoE) for video streaming service. The evaluation was conducted among 602 test subjects who rated the quality of 72 videos by watching them at their homes. The quality of each video was uniquely distorted (packet loss rate, number of packet loss occurrences during video streaming and total duration of those occurrences varied in each video). The results revealed that, in real-life environment, test subjects failed to notice significant number of video segments whose quality was degraded, they could not accurately quantify their total duration and they usually did not maintain negative attitude about perceived quality distortions.

Nowadays, sustainability and the management of urban contexts are some of the most discussed topics in the contemporary debate. The two themes are linked one each other in the modern configuration of the city conceived as a complex system based on the involvement of new technologies, knowledge, infrastructure, and people. In this new scenario taking into account the aspects connected to the sustainability would have the aim to allow durability and efficiency to smart city projects. In order to deepen a previous research on the relationship between smart city and sustainability according to scholars, the present research observes the connections between smart city features and each of the three dimensions of sustainability thanks to a Content Analysis through Nvivo on Official Reports issued by 17 out of 30 Industry Players listed on the Navigant Research Report 2014, as they are involved in the most advanced smart city projects. In the comparison between the sustainability conceptualization and the 'characteristics' of a smart city, the emerged results depict interventions as mostly considering the aspects of sustainability related to 'smart economy'. Finally, in order to explore which of the three dimensions of sustainability - economic, environmental, social - is today more considered in smart city projects, we put in evidence the usage of these conceptualisations in the analyzed documents. Both the results led us to consider the economic domain as the most relevant one when debating about sustainability.

The availability and full functionality of mobile devices represent one of the basic principles of universal design for the visually impaired. Navigation applications for the users must also be customized and are available to the users’ needs. In this paper, the software and hardware characteristics of the currently most used mobile devices were analyzed. Applications for managing and directing the blind and visually impaired transport network have been analyzed in terms of determining the accuracy of the location where the users are located. The applications that are the most common among the users according to the Croatian Association for Promotion and Development of Tiflotechnic (HUPRT) were used. This sample of subjects has been made in Zagreb where according to data there are 1985 visually impaired people. To conclude, the recommendations have been made for the development of information and communication services and mobile devices for the visually impaired.