5 results on '"Badreddine, Ilham"'
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2. Cell Wall Chitosaccharides Are Essential Components and Exposed Patterns of the Phytopathogenic Oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches
- Author
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Badreddine, Ilham, Lafitte, Claude, Heux, Laurent, Skandalis, Nicholas, Spanou, Zacharoula, Martinez, Yves, Esquerre-Tugaye, Marie-Therese, Bulone, Vincent, Dumas, Bernard, Bottin, Arnaud, Badreddine, Ilham, Lafitte, Claude, Heux, Laurent, Skandalis, Nicholas, Spanou, Zacharoula, Martinez, Yves, Esquerre-Tugaye, Marie-Therese, Bulone, Vincent, Dumas, Bernard, and Bottin, Arnaud
- Abstract
Chitin is an essential component of fungal cell walls, where it forms a crystalline scaffold, and chitooligosaccharides derived from it are signaling molecules recognized by the hosts of pathogenic fungi. Oomycetes are cellulosic fungus-like microorganisms which most often lack chitin in their cell walls. Here we present the first study of the cell wall of the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, a major parasite of legume plants. Biochemical analyses demonstrated the presence of ca. 10% N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in the cell wall. Further characterization of the GlcNAc-containing material revealed that it corresponds to noncrystalline chitosaccharides associated with glucans, rather than to chitin per se. Two putative chitin synthase (CHS) genes were identified by data mining of an A. euteiches expressed sequence tag collection and Southern blot analysis, and full-length cDNA sequences of both genes were obtained. Phylogeny analysis indicated that oomycete CHS diversification occurred before the divergence of the major oomycete lineages. Remarkably, lectin labeling showed that the Aphanomyces euteiches chitosaccharides are exposed at the cell wall surface, and study of the effect of the CHS inhibitor nikkomycin Z demonstrated that they are involved in cell wall function. These data open new perspectives for the development of antioomycete drugs and further studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in the recognition of pathogenic oomycetes by the host plants., QC 20100525
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Etude des surfaces cellulaires d'Aphanomyces euteiches, parasite majeur de légumineuses
- Author
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Badreddine, Ilham and Badreddine, Ilham
- Abstract
Les oomycètes sont de redoutables agents pathogènes pour les plantes cultivées et les pertes annuelles occasionnées par ces organismes sont considérables. Parmi eux, Aphanomyces euteiches est responsable de pourritures racinaires chez diverses légumineuses. Une étude des surfaces cellulaires et du sécrétome d'A. euteiches a été entreprise dans le cadre de ce travail. Elle a permis l'identification de trois protéines dans le sécrétome, prédites comme possédant chacune une activité enzymatique différente, qui devront faire l'objet d'études fonctionnelles. Alors que les oomycètes sont considérés comme des organismes cellulosiques contenant très rarement de la chitine, l'analyse biochimique des parois cellulaires d'A. euteiches a montré la présence de 10% de Nacétylglucosamine (GlcNAc), correspondant à des chitosaccharides non cristallins associés à d'autres glucanes pariétaux, plutôt qu'à de la chitine cristalline. Deux gènes de chitine synthase (CHS), AeCHS1 et AeCHS2, ont été identifiés à partir de l'analyse d'une collection d'ESTs d'A. euteiches , et les séquences complètes ADNc de ces deux gènes ont été obtenues. L'annotation des séquences protéiques AeCHS a indiqué la présence des motifs conservés de la signature complète des CHS fongiques. Une analyse phylogénique a montré qu'AeCHS1 et AeCHS2 font partie de deux familles distinctes de CHS d'oomycètes. Grâce à l'utilisation d'un conjugué lectinique, les chitosaccharides d'A. euteiches ont été repérés au niveau des surfaces cellulaires. Le rôle biologique de ces composés a été évalué par l'utilisation d'un inhibiteur de CHS, la Nikkomycine Z (NZ), qui a montré que les chitosaccharides sont impliqués dans l'intégrité pariétale. L'expression des gènes AeCHS1 et AeCHS2 a montré qu'en présence de NZ, AeCHS2 est induit 8 fois. L'ensemble des résultats suggère que la biosynthèse des chitosaccharides pourrait être une cible pour de nouveaux composés contrôlant les maladies des plantes causées par les oomycètes comme A. eu, Oomycetes are pathogens responsible for cultivated plant diseases and the economical impact of their damages is quite important. Among them, Aphanomyces euteiches is responsible for root rot of various legumes. A study of the cell surfaces and secretome of A. euteiches was undertaken as part of this work. It allowed the identification in the secretome of three predicted proteins, each with a different predicted enzyme activity, which must be subject of functional studies. While oomycetes are cellulosic fungal-like microorganisms which most often lack chitin in their cell wall, biochemical analysis of the cell wall of A. euteiches demonstrated the presence of 10% Nacetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) that corresponds to non-crystalline chitosaccharides associated with glucans, rather than to crystalline chitin. Two putative chitin synthase (CHS) genes were identified by data mining of an A. euteiches ESTs collection, and full length cDNA sequences of both genes were obtained. The annotation of the AeCHS protein sequences indicated the presence of the conserved motifs of the complete signature of fungal CHS. Phylogenic analysis showed that AeCHS1 and AeCHS2 belong to two distinct families of oomycetes CHS. Lectin labeling showed that the A. euteiches chitosaccharides are exposed at the cell wall surface. The biological role of these compounds was assessed by using the inhibitor of CHS Nikkomycine Z (NZ), which showed that the chitosaccharides are involved in cell wall integrity. Expression study of AeCHS1 and AeCHS2 demonstrated that in the presence of NZ, AeCHS2 was 8-fold induced. The data suggest that the biosynthesis of chitosaccharides could be a target for new compounds aimed at controlling plant diseases caused by oomycetes like A. euteiches.
- Published
- 2008
4. Cell Wall Chitosaccharides Are Essential Components and Exposed Patterns of the Phytopathogenic OomyceteAphanomyces euteiches
- Author
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Badreddine, Ilham, primary, Lafitte, Claude, additional, Heux, Laurent, additional, Skandalis, Nicholas, additional, Spanou, Zacharoula, additional, Martinez, Yves, additional, Esquerré-Tugayé, Marie-Thérèse, additional, Bulone, Vincent, additional, Dumas, Bernard, additional, and Bottin, Arnaud, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Cell wall chitosaccharides are essential components and exposed patterns of the phytopathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches.
- Author
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Badreddine I, Lafitte C, Heux L, Skandalis N, Spanou Z, Martinez Y, Esquerré-Tugayé MT, Bulone V, Dumas B, and Bottin A
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Aphanomyces chemistry, Aphanomyces classification, Aphanomyces genetics, Cell Wall genetics, Chitin Synthase chemistry, Chitin Synthase genetics, Chitin Synthase metabolism, Fungal Proteins chemistry, Fungal Proteins genetics, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Sequence Alignment, Aphanomyces metabolism, Cell Wall metabolism, Chitosan metabolism, Fabaceae microbiology, Plant Diseases microbiology
- Abstract
Chitin is an essential component of fungal cell walls, where it forms a crystalline scaffold, and chitooligosaccharides derived from it are signaling molecules recognized by the hosts of pathogenic fungi. Oomycetes are cellulosic fungus-like microorganisms which most often lack chitin in their cell walls. Here we present the first study of the cell wall of the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches, a major parasite of legume plants. Biochemical analyses demonstrated the presence of ca. 10% N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) in the cell wall. Further characterization of the GlcNAc-containing material revealed that it corresponds to noncrystalline chitosaccharides associated with glucans, rather than to chitin per se. Two putative chitin synthase (CHS) genes were identified by data mining of an A. euteiches expressed sequence tag collection and Southern blot analysis, and full-length cDNA sequences of both genes were obtained. Phylogeny analysis indicated that oomycete CHS diversification occurred before the divergence of the major oomycete lineages. Remarkably, lectin labeling showed that the Aphanomyces euteiches chitosaccharides are exposed at the cell wall surface, and study of the effect of the CHS inhibitor nikkomycin Z demonstrated that they are involved in cell wall function. These data open new perspectives for the development of antioomycete drugs and further studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in the recognition of pathogenic oomycetes by the host plants.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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