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Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens. It has significant economic importance due to mortalities and the decrease in egg production. In this study, twenty nine samples from different layer farms were collected from the outbreaks that occurred in waset province, Iraq, at the period from November 2021 till March 2022 to detect ILTV by molecular test through real time polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) as well as isolation on embryonated chicken eggs through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) route. The clinical signs examination of infected birds revealed extend head with expectoration of bloody mucous, gasping with weeping eye (watery eye). Gross pathological lesions examination revealed catarrhal, caseated, fibrinonecrotic, hemorrhagic tracheitis. The RT-PCR revealed amplification specific for glycoprotein G gene of ILT virus. Preparation and Inoculation of tissue samples which giving positive results with RT-PCR on embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) appeared as white pock lesions on the inoculated CAM from the second passage.

The assessment of water needs is one of the key elements in the development of the water budget Which is a very important issue in the field of irrigation. Assessing the water needs is the first essential step to develop future development plans and planning the strategic planning of irrigation projects. This paper presents a study on the irrigation water needs and the impact of climate change on the quantities of water used for irrigation. This study was conducted on three crops in Marsa Matrouh, which are banana, sweet pepper and potato. The method used to do so is “Cropwat” based on some input information such as climate, rain, crop, soil and crop pattern for the study area. The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate ETo was calculated with the following basic data temperature, humidity, sunshine and wind speed. In this study, crop coefficients (Kc) were applied to different growth stages of crops (banana, sweet pepper, and potato) to control and estimate actual evaporation ETc through the through a water balance of the irrigation water requirements (IR). The results showed the annual (ETo) was estimated at 1109.6 mm. The lowest daily value of ETo of 1.37 mm, was observed in December month, while the highest value 4.51 mm was observed in June. One of the factors that affect the increase in evapotranspiration (ETo) and thus the irrigation needs is temperature, as it has a great direct impact on plants. An important factor in the occurrence of soil moisture is precipitation, as this process plays a major role in increasing crop productivity. Through The crop evapotranspiration ETc and the crop irrigation requirements calculations, irrigation projects can then be scheduled in different seasons for water use efficiency based on these results. The net irrigation demand, the gross irrigation demand and irrigation interval for the various crops grown have been computed. In this paper, the author briefed using CR+OPWAT 8.0 to assess the water needs and provide general guidance to produce three kinds of crops banana crop, sweet pepper crop, and potato crop, all in Ma-trouh Governorate located in the north coast in Egypt. يعتبر تقييم الاحتياجات المائية أحد العناصر الأساسية في تطوير الميزانية المائية وهي قضية مهمة للغاية في مجال الري ، وتعد الخطوة الأساسية الأولى لتطوير خطط التنمية المستقبلية والتخطيط الاستراتيجي لمشاريع الري. يقدم هذا البحث دراسة عن احتياجات مياه الري وتأثير تغير المناخ على کميات المياه المستخدمة للري. أجريت هذه الدراسة على ثلاثة محاصيل بمحافظة مرسى مطروح وهي الموز والفلفل الحلو والبطاطس. الطريقة المستخدمة للقيام بذلک هي "Cropwat" بناء على بعض المعلومات مثل المناخ والمطر والمحاصيل والتربة ونمط المحاصيل لمنطقة الدراسة. تم استخدام طريقة Penman-Monteith لتقدير وحساب ETo باستخدام البيانات الأساسية درجة حرارة ، والرطوبة ، وضوء الشمس وسرعة الرياح ، تم تطبيق معاملات المحاصيل (Kc) على مراحل النمو المختلفة للمحاصيل (الموز والفلفل الحلو والبطاطس) لحساب التبخر الفعلي ETc من خلال التوازن المائي لمتطلبات مياه الري. أظهرت النتائج أن (ETo) السنوي قدر بـ 1109,6 ملم. لوحظ أدنى قيمة يومية لـ ETo عند 1,37 ملم ، في شهر ديسمبر ، بينما لوحظ أعلى قيمة 4,51 ملم في يونيو. من العوامل التي تؤثر على زيادة التبخر النتح (ETo) وبالتالي احتياجات الري هي درجة الحرارة ، وايضا تعتبر الأمطار من العوامل المهمة في حدوث عملية رطوبة التربة ، حيث تلعب هذه العملية دورا رئيسيا في زيادة إنتاجية المحاصيل. بناء على النتائج من خلال ETc وحسابات متطلبات ري المحاصيل ، يمکن بعد ذلک جدولة الري وتحديد الفترات بين الريات. في هذا البحث تم استخدام CROPWAT 8.0 لتقييم الاحتياجات المائية ومدي تأثير التغيرات المناخية عليها وتقديم إرشادات عامة لإنتاج ثلاثة أنواع من محاصيل الموز ، الفلفل الحلو ، البطاطس ، وکلها في محافظة مطروح منطقة الدراسة الواقعة في الساحل الشمالي في مصر.

(Parsons) defines the social system, of several definitions, and perhaps the clearest one is the one in which he believes that the social system is composed of two or more actors (individuals), each of whom occupies a distinct social position or and plays a distinct role, as it is an organized pattern that governs relations between individuals Or a network of interactive relationships that organizes their rights and duties towards each other, as it is a framework of common standards or values, as well as it includes different types of symbols and different cultural issues. While the novel is a very complex structure, and it is difficult to imagine that it was born with an individual invention and without a basis in the social life of the group, it is not possible to imagine that this complex form has no similarity or dialectical relationship between it and the social life of the heroes, this literary form depicts the daily relationship of people. And their different relationships with the society in which they live, the novel as seen by (René Girard) is what reveals the truth about man and reveals the inauthenticity of the human being. And if we know that some see that the literary creator is no less important than the social world, but that he surpasses him in many stages due to his delicate sensitivity and his ability to capture the parts of social life, the anatomy of individuals’ psyche, and to track the stages of social change and their implications for values and behavior And the directives, to what extent was the social system in Iraq able to maintain its social patterns, and what led to the collapse of that coherent system of social systems? And how was the Iraqi novel able to reverse this collapse in all its details? All this we will review in this research, which will be taken from novels published after 2003, material for it, and these narrations are: 1. The novel: Death in the Cherry Field.by the novelist Azhar Gerges. 2. The novel: The Killers, by the novelist Dia al-Khalidi. 3. The novel: the name on the soles, of the novelist Dia Jebili