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Introduction: A variety of bone grafting techniques had been used to augment horizontally deficient alveolar bone ridges to provide a sufficient bone volume to achieve a correct prosthetic three-dimensional placement of dental implants. Objectives: To evaluate clinically and radiographically by cone beam computed tomography the amount of horizontal bone gain by ridge splitting with sticky bone technique for horizontal ridge deficiency with simultaneous implant placement; using piezo-assisted ridge splitting technique with sticky bone graft in patients who had bilateral posterior edentulous sites in the maxillary ridge. Patients and methods: Seven patients with seven sites for ridge splitting modality. Each patient had posterior maxillary edentulous areas with horizontal ridge deficiency ranging from 3 to 5 mm. Piezo-assisted ridge splitting technique with simultaneous implant placement was used for augmentation. Patients were evaluated for clinical parameters, including ridge width using a bone caliper, radiographic assessment of marginal bone width and alveolar bone density using cone beam computed tomography, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding on probing, and pocket depth. Results were obtained at surgery time, 6 months postsurgery, and 18 months postsurgery. Results: The was a statistically significant increase in bone width in the studied group. Also, bone density was slightly increased at implant and grafting sites at 6- and 18-months follow-ups. Furthermore, the group showed a statistically significant increase in bone width measured by bone caliper at baseline and at 6 months postsurgically. No significant changes were observed in plaque index, bleeding on probing, or clinical attachment level. Conclusion: Ridge splitting with sticky bone surgical technique provides promising clinical and radiographic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The use of natural remedies as local drug delivery has grown recently since they are generally safe and have shown promising outcomes in the management of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spirulina gel and probiotics as supplements for scaling and root planing (SRP). Patients and methods: Thirty individuals with periodontitis (stage II, grade B) were divided into three groups at random: group I (GI) received a subgingival application of probiotic (L actobacillus reuteri) suspension after SRP. Group II (GII) had SRP, then spirulina gel was applied. Group III (GIII) was used as a control that received SRP and placebo gel using a blunt syringe at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival crevicular fluid nitric oxide level were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Results: Compared to the baseline value, the three treatments led to a statistically significant decrease in GI, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level gain after 3 and 6 months (P < 0.05). Comparing the groups to each other's, there were significant differences between them, whereas both GI and GII showed statistically significant differences when compared to GIII (the control group). All treatment modalities resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the gingival crevicular fluid level of NO, but group II showed the best effect on the inhibition of the nitric oxide level. Conclusion: Local application of probiotics and spirulina is safe and effective as adjunctive treatment to SRP in the treatment of stage II, grade B periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel silver(I) coordination polymers, [Ag(4BP)(SCN)]n (1) and {(4BPH)+[Ag(SCN)2]−}n (2) (4BP = 4-benzoyl pyridine), have been synthesized. The two complexes were prepared using almost the same reagents, which were AgNO3, 4BP and NH4SCN. The only difference was the presence of 1:1 (v/v) HNO3 in the synthesis of 2. In the two complexes, the Ag(I) has distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. The structure of both complexes and the involvement of the thiocyanate anion as a linker between the Ag(I) centers were confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 4BP participated as a monodentate ligand in the coordination sphere of complex 1, while in 2 it is found protonated (4BP-H)+ and acts as a counter ion, which balances the charge of the anionic [Ag(SCN)2]− moiety. The thiocyanate anion shows different coordination modes in the two complexes. In complex 1, the thiocyanate anion exhibits a µ1,1,3 bridging mode, which binds three Ag(I) ions to build a boat-like ten-membered ring structure leading to a two-dimensional coordination polymer. In 2, there are mixed µ1,1 and µ1,3 bridging thiocyanate groups, which form the one-dimensional polymeric chain running in the a-direction. Several interactions affected the stability of the crystal structure of the two complexes. These interactions were examined using Hirshfeld surface analysis. The coordination interactions (Ag-S and Ag-N) have a great impact on the stability of the polymeric structure of the two complexes. Additionally, the hydrogen-bonding interactions are crucial in the assembly of these coordination polymers. The O...H (10.7%) and C...H (34.2%) contacts in 1 as well as the N···H (15.3%) and S···H (14.9%) contacts in 2 are the most significant. Moreover, the argentophilic interaction (Ag...Ag = 3.378 Å) and π- π stacking play an important role in the assembly of complex 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the cornerstone adjunctive properties for delivering an antimicrobial agent in nonsurgical periodontal therapy is to achieve sufficient concentration and proper durability. This study was conducted to evaluate and to compare the effect of spirulina gel versus spirulina nanogel clinically and immunologically in the nonsurgical treatment of stage II, grade B periodontitis. Methods: 30 patients with a diagnosis of (stage II, grade B periodontitis) were randomly selected and divided into three groups, 10 patients in each group. Group (A) received scaling and root planing SRP with placebo gel 'methyl cellulose', group (B) received SRP with spirulina gel, and group (C) received SRP with spirulina nanogel. All the patients received one session full mouth SRP and immediate placement of the gel followed by frequent application after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. The following clinical parameters: bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline (before treatment), 3 and 6 months. Also, immunological assessment of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done. Results: There was statistically significant clinical improvement in favor to group B and C at all-time intervals follow-up periods when compared with group A where (P < 0.05). The immunological assessment showed statistically significant difference in group B and C when compared with group A at 6 months. Conclusion: Adjunctive application of spirulina gel or spirulina nanogel to conventional mechanical therapy improved the clinical and immunological parameters over the traditional treatment alone. However, the strategy of spirulina nanogel may represents a promising natural product as an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Ag(I) citrate complex with ethyl-3-quinolate (Et3qu) was synthesized. Its structure was confirmed using X-ray single crystal to be [Ag(Et3qu)2(citrate)]. It crystallized in the Triclinic crystal system and P-1 space group with unit cell parameters of a = 8.6475(2) Å, b = 11.4426(3) Å, c = 15.2256(3) Å, α = 73.636(2)°, β = 79.692(2)° and γ = 86.832(2)°, while the unit cell volume was 1422.19(6) Å3. In the unit cell, there are two [Ag(Et3qu)2(citrate)] molecules and one unit as the asymmetric formula. The molecular structure comprised one Ag(I) coordinated with two Et3qu molecules via two almost equidistant Ag-N bonds and one citrate ion acting as a mono-negative monodentate ligand via a short Ag-O bond (2.5401(14) Å). Hence, Ag(I) is tri-coordinated and has a highly distorted triangular planar coordination geometry which is more like to be described as a slightly distorted T-shape. The supramolecular structure of the [Ag(Et3qu)2(citrate)] complex was analyzed using Hirshfeld calculations. The H···H (39.3–40.1%), O···H (33.2-34.0%), C···C (9.1–9.5%) and C···H (7.2–7.4%) contacts shared significantly in the packing of the studied Ag(I) complex. The antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the Ag(I) complex were investigated. The [Ag(Et3qu)2(citrate)] complex has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity specifically against the fungus A. fumigatus. In addition, the IC50 values of 1.87 ± 0.09 µg/mL and 0.95 ± 0.06 µg/mL against the breast MCF-7 and lung A-549 cell lines, respectively, revealed the potent anticancer activity of the [Ag(Et3qu)2(citrate)] complex compared to the free Et3qu (IC50 = 30.64 ± 1.98 and 22.89 ± 1.48 µg/mL, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new [Ag(3AQ)2(TCA)]; (3AQ = 3-aminoquinoline and TCA = Trichloroacetate) complex is synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) ¹H chemical shift values of the free and coordinated 3AQ in the ground state have been calculated by using DFT/B3LYP method. The TD-DFT results of the [Ag(3AQ)2(TCA)] complex showed a π-π* transition band at 240.3-242.6 nm (f = 0.1334-0.1348) which has longer wavelength and lower absorption intensity than that for the free 3AQ (233.2 nm, f = 0.3958). Dipole moment, polarizability and HOMO-LUMO gap values predicted better nonlinear optical properties (NLO) for the [Ag(3AQ)2(TCA)] than the 3AQ ligand. NBO analysis has been used to predict the most accurate Lewis structure of the studied molecules. The energies of the different intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interactions within the studied molecules were estimated using second order perturbation theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new [Ag(E3Q)2(TCA)] complex; (E3Q=Ethyl 3-quinolinecarboxylate and TCA=Trichloroacetate) has been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. The molecular geometry and spectroscopic properties of the complex as well as the free ligand have been calculated using the hybrid B3LYP method. The calculations predicted a distorted tetrahedral arrangement around Ag(I) ion. The vibrational spectra of the studied compounds have been assigned using potential energy distribution (PED). TD-DFT method was used to predict the electronic absorption spectra. The most intense absorption band showed a bathochromic shift and lowering of intensity in case of the complex (233.7 nm, f=0.5604) compared to E3Q (λmax=228.0 nm, f=0.9072). The calculated (1)H NMR chemical shifts using GIAO method showed good correlations with the experimental data. The computed dipole moment, polarizability and HOMO-LUMO energy gap were used to predict the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. It is found that Ag(I) enhances the NLO activity. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses were used to elucidate the intramolecular charge transfer interactions causing stabilization for the investigated systems., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)