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Understanding the colonisation process in zooplankton is crucial for successful restoration of aquatic ecosystems. Here, we analyzed the clonal and genetic structure of the cyclical parthenogenetic rotifer Brachionus plicatilis by following populations established in new temporary ponds during the first three hydroperiods. Rotifer populations established rapidly after first flooding, although colonisation was ongoing throughout the study. Multilocus genotypes from 7 microsatellite loci suggested that most populations (10 of 14) were founded by few clones. The exception was one of the four populations that persisted throughout the studied hydroperiods, where high genetic diversity in the first hydroperiod suggested colonisation from a historical egg bank, and no increase in allelic diversity was detected with time. In contrast, in another of these four populations, we observed a progressive increase of allelic diversity. This population became less differentiated from the other populations suggesting effective gene flow soon after its foundation. Allelic diversity and richness remained low in the remaining two, more isolated, populations, suggesting little gene flow. Our results highlight the complexity of colonisation dynamics, with evidence for persistent founder effects in some ponds, but not in others, and with early immigration both from external source populations, and from residual, historical diapausing egg banks.

El presente trabajo es una propuesta de intervención, para alumnos de 4 – 5 años para trabajar las emociones a partir de la fantasía y la creatividad. Se comienza con una breve explicación teórica sobre todos aquellos aspectos que envuelven las emociones, la fantasía, la creatividad y la imaginación ya que es importante trabajarlos de forma específica y lo más cercana posible al entorno del niño, ya que hoy en día los niños suelen fantasear solo con las películas, dibujos… y como maestros hemos de darles otras vías educativas, pero sin olvidar sus emociones. Todo ello lo haremos a partir de varias fuentes bibliográficas y aportando diferentes puntos de vista de diferentes psicólogos, pedagogos, escritores, entre d’otros. Seguidamente encontraremos la propuesta de intervención para poder llevarla a cabo en un trimestre. En ella podremos ver la metodología, las actividades que se llevarán a cabo y por último la forma en que se evaluará dicha intervención.

Mediterranean salt marshes are ecosystems that are highly influenced by sea exchanges and freshwater inputs from runoffs. In these ecosystems, toxic and no toxic algae blooms, without a temporal or spatial pattern, reach often high and unpredictable biomasses of phytoplankton. The Microtox® test have been described as a successful, quick method for detecting toxicity of different phytoplankton taxa. We made a first approach to determine the efficiency of Microtox® for detecting toxic HAB in Mediterranean salt marshes. It could be concluded that there are toxic substances in the particulate matter of several lagoons in the Empordà salt marshes that the Microtox® test was able to detect. This Microtox® toxicity coincided with periods when potentially harmful cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and haptophytes have a high biomass. The results suggest that potentially harmful phytoplankton cannot be ruled out as a source Microtox® toxicity and also as a source of other organism kills or sub-acute effects in Mediterranean salt marshes., JRC.H.1-Water Resources

Is Microtox® toxicity related to potentially harmful algae proliferation in Mediterranean salt marshes? Mediterranean salt marshes are ecosystems that are highly influenced by sea changes and freshwater inputs from runoff. In these ecosystems, toxic and nontoxic algae blooms often produce Jarge and unpredictabJe biomasses of phytoplankton. The Microtox@) test has been described as a successful, quick method for detecting toxicity in various phytoplankton taxa. Our study sought to test the efficiency of Microtox® in detecting toxic HAB in Mediterranean salt marshes. The results showed that the Microtox® test was able to detect toxic substances in the particulate matter of several lagoons in the Emporda salt marshes. This Microtox® toxicity coincided with periods when potentially harrnful cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and haptophytes had a high biomass. The results suggest that potentially harmful phytoplankton cannot be ruled out as a source of Microtox® toxicity or as a source of other organism kills and subacute effects in Mediterranean salt marshes. Las marismas mediterráneas son ecosistemas altamente injluenciados por la entrada de agua marina y de agua dulce, procedente de la escorrentía. En estos ecosistemas, las proliferaciones de algas tóxicas y no tóxicas sin patrón temporal o espacial, alcanzan altas e impredecibles biomasas de fitoplancton. El ensayo Microtox® ha sido descrito como un rápido y eficiente método para detectar la toxicidad de diferentes taxones de fitoplaneton. Nosotros hemos hecho una primera aproximación para determinar la eficiencia del test Microtox® en la detección de proliferaciones algales tóxicas en las marismas mediterráneas. Se ha podido concluir que hay substancias tóxicas, en la materia particulada de diversas lagunas de las marismas del Emporda, que el método Microtox® es capaz de detectar. Esta toxicidad detectada por Microtox® se da en periodos en que cianobacterias, dinojlagelados y haptófitos potencialmente tóxicos presentan alta biomasa. Los resultados sugieren que el fitoplancton potencialmente tóxico no puede ser descartado como causante de la mortalidad o de efectos subagudos a otros organismos de las marismas mediterráneas.

Mediterranean salt marshes are ecosystems that are highly influenced by sea changes and freshwater inputs from runoff. In these ecosystems, toxic and non-toxic algae blooms often produce large and unpredictable biomasses of phytoplankton. The Microtox R test has been described as a successful, quick method for detecting toxicity in various phytoplankton taxa. Ourstudy sought to test the efficiency of Microtox R in detecting toxic HAB in Mediterranean salt marshes. The results showed that the Microtox R test was able to detect toxic substances in the particulate matter of several lagoons in the Empordà salt marshes. This Microtox R toxicity coincided with periods when potentially harmful cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and haptophytes had a high biomass. The results suggest that potentially harmful phytoplankton cannot be ruled out as a source of Microtox R

Coastal wetlands are characterized by high biodiversity, which is one of the main criteria considered when establishing protection policies or when proposing adequate management actions. In this study, the crustacean and aquatic insect composition of the Empord`a wetlands is described. These two faunal groups contribute highly to the total biodiversity in these wetlands but are seldom considered when managing natural areas. A selection (84 sampling points) of all water body types present in the Empord`a wetlands were sampled monthly (surber and dip net with a 250 μm mesh). Sampling was carried out during 3 surveys (1991-92, 1996-97 and 1999-2000). A rich fauna of 125 crustacean and 295 aquatic insect taxa was identified. We characterized each water body type using the most abundant species and the relative species richness of the taxonomic groups. A classification of the water body types, according to similarity between inventories, groups the brackish and hyperhaline systems in one cluster and the various freshwater systems in another one. Among freshwater systems, lotic waters and freshwater wetlands have a high similarity, whereas rice fields and freshwater springs have a low similarity Los humedales costeros se caracterizan por una alta biodiversidad, que es uno de los principales criterios considerados alestablecer políticas de protección o al proponer acciones de gestión adecuada. En este estudio se describe la composición de crustáceos e insectos acuáticos de los aiguamolls del Empordà. Estos dos grupos faunísticos contribuyen de forma importante al total de la biodiversidad en los humedales, pero raramente se tienen en consideración al gestionar las áreas naturales. Se muestreó mensualmente una selección (84 puntos de muestreo) de todas las tipologías de masas de agua presentes en los aiguamolls de l’Empordà mediante redes surber y salabres de poro de malla de 250 μm. El muestreo se llevó a cabo durante tres campañas (1991-92, 1996-97 y 1999-2000). Se identificó una riqueza faunística de 125 taxones de crustáceos y 295 taxones de insectos acuáticos. Cada tipología de masa de agua se caracterizó utilizando las especies más abundantes y la riqueza específica de los grupos faunísticos. La clasificación de las tipologías de masas de agua, según la similaridad entre inventarios faunísticos, agrupó los sistemas salobres y hiperhalinos en un grupo. Entre los sistemas de agua dulce, los sistemas lóticos y los humedales de agua dulce presentaron una alta similaridad, mientras que los arrozales y las surgencias de agua dulce mostraron una baja similaridad