Search

Self-conjugate nuclei in the A ��� 70���80 region have attracted a great deal of attention due to phenomena such as shape coexistence and increasing collectivity along the N=Zline. We investigate the structure of nuclei in this region through lifetime measurements using the GRETINA array. The first implementation of the Differential Recoil Distance Doppler Shift technique with fast radioactive beams is demonstrated and verified through a measurement of the well-known B(E2; 2��������� 0������)transition strength in ������Kr. The method is then applied to determine the B(E2; 2��������� 0������) transition strength in ������Rb, the heaviest odd���odd N=Z nucleus for which this quantity has been determined. This result and extended systematics along N=Z suggest the dominance of the isoscalar part of the quadrupole transition strengths in self-conjugate nuclei, as well as the possible presence of shape coexistence in ������Rb.

$^{30}$Mgは中性子数20の魔法数が消滅する原子核としてよく知られている$^{32}$Mgの2中性子少ない系であり、魔法数消滅のメカニズムを解明する重要な情報を与える原子核である。この研究では、ミシガン州立大学のサイクロトロンを用いて$^{31}$Mgからの中性子ノックアウト反応によって$^{30}$Mgを生成し、そのガンマ線分光から構造を探求した。変形の小さなバンドと変形の大きなバンドの他に負パリティ状態と見られるエネルギー準位が得られ、それらの分光学的因子が導かれた。その結果を大規模殻模型計算と比較したところ、エネルギー準位はよく再現するものの、分光学的因子の一部に不一致があり、より正確な記述という観点からは理論に課題があることがわかった。

This paper comments on a talk given by Nicolas Kleinschmidt and Jessica Krüger at the 2018 ZiF Workshop "Studying Migration Policies at the Interface Between Empirical Research and Normative Analysis", September 2018, in Bielefeld. Kleinschmidt and Krüger’s paper is available under doi: 10.17879/95189429199.

Self-conjugate nuclei in the A≈70–80 region have attracted a great deal of attention due to phenomena such as shape coexistence and increasing collectivity along the N=Z line. We investigate the structure of nuclei in this region through lifetime measurements using the GRETINA array. The first implementation of the Differential Recoil Distance Doppler Shift technique with fast radioactive beams is demonstrated and verified through a measurement of the well-known B(E2;21 +→01 +) transition strength in 74Kr. The method is then applied to determine the B(E2;21 +→01 +) transition strength in 74Rb, the heaviest odd–odd N=Z nucleus for which this quantity has been determined. This result and extended systematics along N=Z suggest the dominance of the isoscalar part of the quadrupole transition strengths in self-conjugate nuclei, as well as the possible presence of shape coexistence in 74Rb.

© 2017 American Physical Society. The calcium isotopes have emerged as a critical testing ground for new microscopically derived shell-model interactions, and a great deal of experimental and theoretical focus has been directed toward this region. We investigate the relative spectroscopic strengths associated with 1f7/2 neutron hole states in Ca47,49 following one-neutron knockout reactions from Ca48,50. The observed reduction of strength populating the 7/21- state in Ca49, as compared to Ca47, is inconsistent with shell-model calculations using both phenomenological interactions such as GXPF1, and interactions derived from microscopically based two- and three-nucleon forces. The result suggests a fragmentation of the l=3 strength to higher-lying states as suggested by the microscopic calculations, but the observed magnitude of the reduction is not reproduced in any shell-model description.

We report the first experimental constraints on spectroscopic factors and strengths of key resonances in the 30P(p, γ)31Sreaction critical for determining the production of intermediate-mass elements up to Ca in nova ejecta. The 30P(d, n)31Sreaction was studied in inverse kinematics using the GRETINA γ-ray array to measure the angle-integrated cross-sections of states above the proton threshold. In general, negative-parity states are found to be most strongly produced but the absolute values of spectroscopic factors are typically an order of magnitude lower than predicted by the shell-model calculations employing WBP Hamiltonian for the negative-parity states. The results clearly indicate the dominance of a single 3/2−resonance state at 196 keV in the region of nova burning T≈0.10–0.17GK, well within the region of interest for nova nucleosynthesis. Hydrodynamic simulations of nova explosions have been performed to demonstrate the effect on the composition of nova ejecta.

We report the first experimental constraints on spectroscopic factors and strengths of key resonances in the 30P(p, γ)31Sreaction critical for determining the production of intermediate-mass elements up to Ca in nova ejecta. The 30P(d, n)31Sreaction was studied in inverse kinematics using the GRETINA γ-ray array to measure the angle-integrated cross-sections of states above the proton threshold. In general, negative-parity states are found to be most strongly produced but the absolute values of spectroscopic factors are typically an order of magnitude lower than predicted by the shell-model calculations employing WBP Hamiltonian for the negative-parity states. The results clearly indicate the dominance of a single 3/2−resonance state at 196 keV in the region of nova burning T≈0.10–0.17GK, well within the region of interest for nova nucleosynthesis. Hydrodynamic simulations of nova explosions have been performed to demonstrate the effect on the composition of nova ejecta.

In an effort to identify potential biological markers of major mental illness, we have previously proposed the identification of specific proteins which form insoluble aggregates in a condition-specific manner, as is the case for other neurological illnesses. To this effect, we have determined DISC1 (Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1) to specifically aggregate in a subset of patients with major mental illness as well as identifying a novel schizophrenia-related protein, CRMP1 (Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 1). This latter protein was identified through a process of raising antibodies against the pooled insoluble fractions of post mortem brain samples from schizophrenia patients and followed by epitope identification and confirmation using genetic techniques. In this study we pursue this epitope discovery paradigm further, revealing TRIO binding protein (TRIOBP) to be a major substrate of a monoclonal antibody with a high specificity to schizophrenia brain aggregomes. The TRIOBP gene encodes for several distinct protein species, however only those deriving from the 3’ end of the gene, as typified by the actin-bundling TRIOBP1, could be seen to form aggregates in neuroblastoma cell lines, either due to over-expression of the protein or spontaneously following differentiation of the cells. We have previously determined that the expression level of TRIOBP is dependent on a haplotype of the NDE1 (Nuclear Distribution Element 1) locus, a finding which we were able to replicate within schizophrenia cohorts. NDE1 is an important neurodevelopmental protein which has been linked to schizophrenia via genetic association studies, copy number variation and interaction with the DISC1 protein. Intriguingly, we find the TRIOBP and NDE1 proteins to also be interaction partners within the cell, suggesting that the NDE1 locus may alter the function of TRIOBP both at the transcriptional and protein level. Potential mechanisms for this will be discussed. Thus, in addition to identifying a potential new protein in schizophrenia pathology, we also reveal how it may fit into the wider picture of established mental illness related pathways.

This article portrays the institutionalisation of religion as a conflictive, two-way process that involves many actors and is influenced by differential opportunity structures. Institutionalisation entails promises but also poses risks for religions, religious minorities, and governments. Religious newcomers are drawn into lobbying and coalition building, and conflictive processes of ‘negotiations cum deliberations’ are an unavoidable side effect of this. All regimes of governance imply serious strategic problems for religions. The first problem is how to deal with the trade-off between autonomy and privileges on the one hand, and political influence on the other (the autonomy dilemma). Legal privileges along with fiscal and monetary ‘gains’ for religions, go hand in hand with ‘losses’ in the formal autonomy of religions and with increases in state regulation and control. The second problem concerns how to deal with issues inherent to institutionalisation (the organisation and mobilisation dilemma). Both problems involve further complications for liberal-democratic states. According to the author, associative democracy offers a sensible balance between individual and associational autonomy, and also between equality before the law and more substantive equality. This option seeks to institutionalize procedures of external review and evaluation at regular intervals for the renewal of both grants and the legal status of privileged organizations after accreditation. The most important effect of putting systems of public scrutiny and control in place is that working in the shadow of hierarchy stimulates pro-active self-control considerably. Proposals like these allegedly offer better balances between competing principles for national systems of cooperation and for emerging supra-national regimes of religious governance in the EU. This work begins with a brief analysis of my understanding of institutionalisation (section 1), which depicts it as a conflictive, two-way process. This process involves many actors and is influenced by differential opportunity structures (section 2). It includes promises, but also poses risks for religions, religious minorities in particular (section 3) as well as for governments (section 4). Contrary to separationist rhetoric, all existing liberal states ‘define’, ‘register’, ‘recognize’ and ‘finance’ (organised) religions in one way or another

The quadrupole transition rate for the 41+→21+ transition of Ni58 was determined from an application of the recoil distance method with the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array (GRETINA). The present result of the B(E2;41+→21+) was found to be 50-6+11e2fm4, which is about three times smaller than the literature value, indicating substantially less collectivity than previously believed. Shell model calculations performed with the GXPF1A effective interaction agree with the present data and the validity of the standard effective charges in understanding collectivity in the nickel isotopes is discussed.

Comprehensive spectroscopy of the N = 29 nucleus 47Ar is presented, based on two complemen-tary direct reaction mechanisms: one-neutron pickup onto 46Ar projectiles and one-proton removal from the 1− ground state of 48K. The results are compared to shell-model calculations that use the state-of-the-art SDPF-U and SDPF-MU effective interactions. Also, from the 9Be(46Cl,45S+γ)X one-proton removal reaction, we report the first γ-ray transitions observed from 45S. Using compar-isons with shell-model calculations, and from the observed intensities and energy sums, we propose a first tentative level scheme for 45S.

The highly selective, intermediate-energy heavy-ion-induced neutron-pickup reaction, in combination with γ-ray spectroscopy using the γ-ray energy-tracking in-beam nuclear array (GRETINA), is shown to provide reliable relative spectroscopic strengths for high-ℓ orbitals in nuclei more neutron rich than the projectile. The reaction mechanism gives a significant final-state-spin alignment that is validated through γ-ray angular-distribution measurements enabled by the position sensitivity of GRETINA. This is the first time that γ-ray angular distributions could be extracted from a high-luminosity, fast-beam reaction other than inelastic scattering. This holds great promise for the restriction and assignment of Jπ quantum numbers in exotic nuclei. We advance this approach to study the crucial N=28 shell closure and extract the ratio g9/2:f5/2 of bound neutron single-particle strengths in Ca49, a benchmark for emerging multi-shell ab initio and configuration-interaction theories that are applicable along the Ca isotopic chain.

The European Convention on Human Rights guarantees freedom of education, including the opportunities to create and operate faith-based schools. However, as European societies become more religiously diverse and ‘less religious’ at the same time, the role of faith-based schools is increasingly being contested. Serious tensions have emerged between those who ardently support religious schools in their various forms, and those who oppose them. Given that faith-based schools enjoy basic constitutional guarantees in Europe, the controversy around them often surrounds issues of public financing, degrees of organisational and pedagogical autonomy, and educational practices and management. This volume is about the controversies surrounding religious schools in a number of Western European countries. The introductory chapter briefly analyses the structural pressures that affect the position of religious schools, outlining the relevant institutional arrangements in countries such as Denmark, Germany, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Scotland. The following chapters provide a detailed analysis of the discussions and controversies surrounding faith-based schools in each country. Finally, the two concluding chapters aim to provide a bigger, comparative picture with regard to these debates about religious education in liberal democratic states and culturally pluralist societies. This book was originally published as a special issue of Comparative Education.

The European Convention on Human Rights guarantees freedom of education, including opportunities to create and operate faith-based schools. But as European societies become religiously more diverse and ‘less religious’ at the same time, the role of religious schools increasingly is being contested. Serious tensions have emerged between those who ardently support religious schools in various forms and those who oppose them. Given that faith-based schools enjoy basic constitutional guarantees in Europe, the controversy surrounding them often boils down to issues of public financing, degrees of organisational and pedagogical autonomy, and educational practices and management. This introduction to a special issue on controversies surrounding religious schools in a number of Western European countries briefly introduces structural pressures that affect the position of religious schools and sketches the relevant institutional arrangements in the respective countries. We then go on to introduce some of the main concerns that frame the relevant debates. The paper concludes by introducing the various contributions in the special issue.

Comprehensive spectroscopy of the N=29 nucleus Ar47 is presented, based on two complementary direct reaction mechanisms: one-neutron pickup onto Ar46 projectiles and one-proton removal from the 1- ground state of K48. The results are compared with shell-model calculations that use the state-of-the-art SDPF-U and SDPF-MU effective interactions. Also, from the Be9(Cl46,S45+γ)X one-proton-removal reaction, we report the first γ-ray transitions observed from S45. By using comparisons with shell-model calculations, and from the observed intensities and energy sums, we propose a first tentative level scheme for S45.

Liberal democratic states face new challenges in balancing between principles of religious freedom and non-discrimination and in balancing these constitutional principles with other concerns, including social cohesion, good education, and immigrant-integration. In a context of increased prominence of secular and antiIslamic voices in political debate, there are demands to reduce legal ‘exceptions’ for (conservative) religious groups in the Netherlands. This article focuses in particular on public debate and jurisprudence with regard to education and explores discussions of associational freedoms that are of importance to religious schools, including the right to select and refuse pupils (the debate on the socalled duty to enrol (acceptatieplicht)), the possibilities for schools to refuse hiring staff who do not support the school’s philosophy (for example in relation to sexual orientation), and teaching on sexuality and sexual diversity. The article concludes by arguing that the Netherlands is undergoing a shift in the conceptualisation of religious freedom in relation to liberal equality, which in the longer run may destabilise a tradition of toleration and substantial collective freedoms for conservative religious groups.