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Purpose: The aims of the study were to compare the Cognitive Self-Report Questionnaire (CSRQ; Spina, Ruff, & Mahncke, 2006) Hearing and Cognitive subscale ratings among older adults with and without probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to examine whether self-report, as measured by the CSRQ, is associated with objective measures of hearing, auditory processing, and cognition. Method: Data analyses included 97 older adults of ages 61-91 years. Participants completed the CSRQ self-report measure as well as a battery of objective measures, including pure-tone audiometry, degraded speech understanding, temporal processing, and memory. Results: Older adults with probable MCI rated their cognitive abilities more poorly than those without MCI (p = 0.002), but ratings of hearing and auditory abilities did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.912). Age and CSRQ Hearing subscale ratings explained a significant proportion of variance in objective measures of hearing and degraded speech understanding (R[superscript 2] = 0.39, p < 0.001). Age, sex, mental status, and CSRQ Cognition subscale ratings explained a significant proportion of variance in objective memory performance (R[superscript 2] = 0.55, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that the CSRQ is an appropriate self-report measure of hearing, cognition, and some aspects of auditory processing for older adults with and without probable MCI.

Background and Objectives Studies comparing racial/ethnic differences on measures of psychological and physical well-being for dementia caregivers have reported differences between minority and white caregivers. Recruitment methods often differ for minority and white participants due to enrollment targets and may lead to biased comparisons, especially in convenience samples. We aimed to examine racial/ethnic differences in dementia caregiver outcomes and to determine whether differences vary between studies with population-based or convenience samples. Research Design and Methods We systematically reviewed articles with primary data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO. We included studies comparing African American or Hispanic/Latino to white dementia caregivers on measures of psychological well-being or physical well-being. Reviewers screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full texts and conducted risk-of-bias assessments. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess effects by race/ethnicity and study bias. Results A total of 159 effects were extracted from 38 studies, 2 of which were population based. Random-effects models revealed small but statistically significant effects with better psychological well-being in African American caregivers compared with white caregivers in both population-based (d = −0.22) and convenience sample studies (d = −0.21). Hispanics/Latino caregivers reported lower levels of physical well-being than white caregivers (d = 0.12), though these effects varied by level of rated study bias. Discussion and Implications Consistency across study methods raises confidence in the validity of previous reports of better psychological well-being in African American caregivers. Future studies should use population-based samples with subgroups of Hispanic/Latino, Asian American, and American Indian caregivers that are culturally distinct on factors such as country of origin and tribe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine whether employed family caregiver reports of caregiving to work conflict (CWC) are associated with emotional, physical, and financial strain, and whether organizational factors, including supervisor disclosure and caregiver-friendly workplace policies, attenuate these effects. Method: We examined 369 full-time employed caregivers of adults aged 50 years and above from the 2015 AARP and National Alliance for Caregiving population-based study, Caregiving in the United States, using ordinary least squares hierarchical regression and moderation analyses. Results: Regression analyses showed that caregiver reports of more CWC, in addition to disclosure of caregiving, were associated with greater emotional, physical, and financial strain after controlling for demographics and caregiving stressors, and workplace policies did not attenuate strain. Neither disclosure nor policies moderated the impact of CWC on caregiver strain. Discussion: Results suggest the importance of workplace strain in the caregiving stress process and suggest that disclosing caregiving responsibilities to supervisors should be closely examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine differences between White and African American caregivers in strain, health, and service use in a population-based sample of informal caregivers for older adults. We also assessed whether relationship type (parent, other family, friend) and dementia care status (yes or no) were moderators of any racial differences. Method: We examined 887 informal caregivers via covariate-adjusted 3 × 2 × 2 factorial ANOVAs. Results: After covariate adjustment, there were few significant racial differences in caregiving strain, health, and service use. Dementia caregivers reported greater strain, and there were three-way interactions among relationship type, dementia care status, and race for physical strain and emotional stress. Discussion: Previous findings suggesting substantial racial differences in caregiver strain, which have primarily come from convenience samples that combined care relationship types, were not replicated. Racial and ethnic differences in caregiving may be context-specific. Historical changes in caregiving should be examined in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The older adult population of the United States is growing rapidly. For 40 years Florida has remained the state with the highest percentage of older adults and has experienced robust growth. It may be a model for other states that will witness an increase in their own older adult populations. This article provides links to publicly available, free interactive Web-based maps developed by the University of South Florida displaying colorful maps depicting projected older adult population growth in Florida from 2010 to 2040 at the county level, stratified by sex, race, and ethnicity, and with options for focusing on 65+ and 85 + populations. These are intended as resources for state and local governments, businesses, and others interested in planning for the needs and opportunities of an aging society. We provide examples of how these visual projections can be useful, and encourage others to use this free resource. The maps offer valuable tools for communities that want to examine and plan for their own growing aging citizenry. An aging society will provide both challenges and many economic and social opportunities for which community leaders and businesses can proactively and creatively plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of our cadaveric study was to determine the proximity of nail insertion and interlocking mechanisms in the Phantom® Lapidus Intramedullary Nail System to neurologic and tendinous structures in the foot., Methods: We used 10 fresh-frozen human lower-extremity specimen cadavers. For each specimen, the Nail System was inserted as described in the published technique guide. We then performed dissection on the tibialis anterior tendon, extensor hallucis longus tendon, and medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve and we measured and averaged the distances from each of these structures from the nail., Results: The tibialis anterior tendon was in closest proximity to the insertion of the proximal medial interlock K-wire with an average distance of 0.4mm from the tendon. The extensor hallucis longus tendon was in closest proximity to nail insertion with an average distance of 1.2mm. The medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve was in closest proximity to the distal interlock K-wire with an average distance of 7.5mm., Conclusions: The tibialis anterior tendon, extensor hallucis longus tendon, and the medial dorsal cutaneous branch of the superficial peroneal nerve are at risk with the insertion of the nail system. Blunt dissection should be performed using this system with a path to bone before instrumentation to reduce the risk of nerve and tendon injury in the foot., (Copyright © 2020 European Foot and Ankle Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The number of Americans ages 65 and older is projected to more than double over the next four decades and to equal nearly one-fourth of the entire population by 2060. Recognizing that the health care workforce in the United States is not sufficiently prepared to meet the care needs of this growing population, the National Academy of Medicine has recommended curricular enhancements for health professional educational programs. To meet this challenge, the University of South Florida College of Nursing applied curriculum mapping principles and concepts to examine and align Family Nurse Practitioner and Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner program curricula for congruence with Partnership for Health in Aging multidisciplinary geriatric competencies. Through this process, we developed a geriatric-specific curriculum map and threaded geriatric-specific content, learning experiences, and learning assessment strategies to promote attainment of all 23 competencies. Given the growing role that nurse practitioners are projected to play in the delivery of primary care for older adults in the future, it is imperative that colleges and schools of nursing provide students with learning experiences to support attainment of the knowledge and skills graduates will need to care for older adults in practice. The techniques and strategies described here represent our approach., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To examine differences in prevalence and risk factors of dementia by race/ethnicity and immigrant status using a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries., Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in the United States among non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black (NHB), Hispanic, and other Medicare beneficiaries from round 1 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (N = 7,609). The authors used log-binomial regression analyses to investigate risk factors and interactions between race/ethnicity and immigrant status and dementia. Stratified log-binomial regression analyses by race/ethnicity were used to interpret the results of interaction effects of immigrant status found in these surveys. Analyses were conducted in three forms: probable dementia versus possible and no dementia, probable and possible dementia versus no dementia; and probable dementia versus no dementia., Results: Consistent with previous studies, U.S.-born NHBs have a higher prevalence of dementia than U.S.-born whites, Hispanics, and others. Immigrant status moderated the relationship between race/ethnicity and dementia. NHWs, Hispanics, and other immigrants had a higher prevalence of dementia compared with their U.S.-born counterparts. However, U.S.-born NHBs had a higher prevalence of dementia compared with NHB immigrants. Results were consistent across the three forms of analysis. Greater age predicted higher dementia across the four racial/ethnic groups., Conclusion: Immigrant status may have complex effects on dementia risk. Selection factors affecting immigration-varied health and educational systems in diverse countries of origin, acculturative stress, and validity of dementia assessment across diverse groups-deserve further attention., (Copyright © 2018 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cognitive dysfunction is a predictor of driving cessation in older adults and a common sequela of heart failure (HF). Although HF has been associated with an increased risk of driving cessation, the independent relationship between HF and driving cessation after cognitive function is considered remains to be established. The objective of these analyses is to examine HF as an independent predictor of driving cessation across three years among a cohort of older drivers in the United States. Analyses included 850 older adults who completed sensory, cognitive, and physical measures at baseline and mobility and health measures at a three-year follow-up. Cox regression was used to examine the effects of HF, stroke, vision, cognition, and physical function as predictors of incident driving cessation over three years. Participants with HF were over three times more likely to cease driving, HR = 3.19, 95% CI [1.27, 8.02], p = .014. However, HF was no longer a significant predictor of driving cessation when cognitive performance was considered, HR = 1.70, 95% CI [0.67, 4.30], p = .262. These findings suggest that the risk of driving cessation may be a consequence of the cognitive dysfunction associated with HF, rather than from HF itself. Cognitive training should be investigated among persons with HF to potentially prolong driving mobility.