21 results on '"Bacteroides spp"'
Search Results
2. Panax notoginseng Alleviates Colitis via the Regulation of Gut Microbiota.
- Author
-
Wang, Li, Shao, Li, Chen, Man-Yun, Wang, Lin, Yang, Pu, Tan, Feng-Bo, Zhang, Wei, and Huang, Wei-Hua
- Subjects
- *
THERAPEUTIC use of ginseng , *CYTOKINES , *LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES , *INTERLEUKINS , *INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases , *GUT microbiome , *BACTEROIDES , *RESEARCH methodology , *GENE expression , *RESEARCH funding , *COLITIS , *FECAL microbiota transplantation , *DATA analysis software , *GINSENG , *DEXTRAN - Abstract
Gut microbiota are significantly associated with the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) could be used for colitis and to modulate gut microbiota. However, the mechanism behind the effects of PNS on anti-colitis that are pertinent to gut microbiota is largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-colitis effects of PNS and explore the involved mechanism as it is related to gut microbiota. Results showed that PNS significantly alleviated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Meanwhile, after PNS treatment, the tight junction proteins were enhanced and proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF- α , IL-6, IL-1 β , and IL-17, were decreased. Furthermore, Bacteroides spp. were significantly increased after modeling, while PNS reduced their abundance and significantly increased the amount of Akkermansia spp. in vivo. Importantly, Akkermansia spp. and Bacteroides spp. were correlated with the IBD disease indicators. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments confirmed that PNS-reshaped gut microbiota significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis, while A. muciniphila significantly reduced the levels of the LPS-induced cellular inflammatory factors IL-1 β and TNF- α. In conclusion, PNS alleviated colitis pertinent to the upregulation of Akkermania spp. and downregulation of Bacteroides spp. in the gut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Anaerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria: Role as a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance
- Author
-
Anshul Sood, Pallab Ray, and Archana Angrup
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,antimicrobial resistance ,Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria ,Bacteroides spp ,Fusobacterium spp ,Prevotella spp ,Veillonella spp ,Pharmacology (medical) ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Biochemistry ,Microbiology - Abstract
Background: Anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (AGNB) play a significant role as both pathogens and essential members of the human microbiota. Despite their clinical importance, there remains limited understanding regarding their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. This knowledge gap poses challenges in effectively managing AGNB-associated infections, as empirical treatment approaches may not adequately address the evolving resistance landscape. To bridge this research gap, we conducted a comprehensive study aimed at exploring the role of human AGNB as a reservoir of AMR. This can provide valuable insights for the prevention and management of anaerobic infections. Methods: We studied the prevalence of AMR and AMR determinants conferring resistance to metronidazole (nimE), imipenem (cfiA), piperacillin–tazobactam (cepA), cefoxitin (cfxA), clindamycin (ermF), chloramphenicol (cat) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as cfiAIS and IS1186 associated with the cfiA and nim gene expression. These parameters were studied in Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Veillonella spp., Sutterella spp., and other clinical AGNB. Results: Resistance to metronidazole, clindamycin, imipenem, piperacillin–tazobactam, cefoxitin and chloramphenicol was 29%, 33.5%, 0.5%, 27.5%, 26.5% and 0%, respectively. The presence of resistance genes, viz., nim, ermF, cfiA, cepA, cfxA, was detected in 24%, 33.5%, 10%, 9.5%, 21.5% isolates, respectively. None of the tested isolates showed the presence of a cat gene and MGEs, viz., cfiAIS and IS1186. The highest resistance to all antimicrobial agents was exhibited by Bacteroides spp. The association between resistant phenotypes and genotypes was complete in clindamycin, as all clindamycin-resistant isolates showed the presence of ermF gene, and none of the susceptible strains harbored this gene; similarly, all isolates were chloramphenicol-susceptible and also lacked the cat gene, whereas the association was low among imipenem and piperacillin–tazobactam. Metronidazole and imipenem resistance was seen to be dependent on insertion sequences for the expression of AMR genes. A constrained co-existence of cepA and cfiA gene in B. fragilis species was seen. Based on the absence and presence of the cfiA gene, we divided B. fragilis into two categories, Division I (72.6%) and Division II (27.3%), respectively. Conclusion: AGNB acts as a reservoir of specific AMR genes, which may pose a threat to other anaerobes due to functional compatibility and acquisition of these genes. Thus, AST-complying standard guidelines must be performed periodically to monitor the local and institutional susceptibility trends, and rational therapeutic strategies must be adopted to direct empirical management.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Testiranje občutljivosti izbranih anaerobnih bakterij za različne betalaktamske antibiotike v kombinaciji z zaviralci betalaktamaz
- Author
-
Biberović, Jasmina and Maver Vodičar, Polona
- Subjects
Parabacteroides spp ,antibiotic resistance ,amoxicillin ,beta-lactam antibiotics ,tazobaktam ,odpornost proti antibiotikom ,anaerobic bacteria ,amoksicilin ,Bacteroides fragilis ,anaerobne bakterije ,ceftolozan ,tazobactam ,klavulanska kislina ,betalaktamski antibiotiki ,beta-lactamase inhibitors ,ceftolozane ,zaviralci betalaktamaz ,piperacillin ,Bacteroides spp ,udc:579.24:579.61:615.33 ,piperacilin ,clavulanic acid - Abstract
Odpornost proti antibiotikom med anaerobnimi bakterijami je močno narasla v zadnjih tridesetih letih. Najobsežnejša slovenska raziskava o protimikrobni odpornosti anaerobnih bakterij iz leta 2015 je pokazala, da je odpornost proti amoksicilinu s klavulansko kislino pri najpogosteje izolirani skupini B. fragilis znašala 8 %, odpornost proti imipenemu pa 1 %. Podatkov o občutljivosti za ostale betalaktamske antibiotike v kombinaciji z zaviralci betalaktamaz ni, saj se v rutinski diagnostiki pri nas testiranje zanje ne izvaja. Zato smo se odločili, da v našem magistrskem delu z gradient difuzijskim testom preverimo občutljivost izbranih anaerobnih bakterij, iz rodu Bacteroides in Parabacteroides, za amoksicilin s klavulansko kislino, piperacilin s tazobaktamom in ceftolozan s tazobaktamom. Skupno smo testirali 120 prospektivno zbranih izolatov (104 izolati rodu Bacteroides, 16 izolatov rodu Parabacteroides), ki smo jih izolirali iz kužnin in 87 izbranih izolatov iz zbirke IMI z znano odpornostjo proti amoksicilinu s klavulansko kislino (77 izolatov rodu Bacteroides, 10 izolatov rodu Parabacteroides). Odpornost prospektivno zbranih izolatov rodu Bacteroides za amoksicilin s klavulansko kislino je bila 17,3 %, med izolati rodu Parabacteroides je bilo odpornih 31,3 % testiranih izolatov. Odpornost izolatov rodu Bacteroides proti piperacilinu s tazobaktamom je znašala 11,5 %, za izolate rodu Parabacteroides pa kar 43,8 %. Odstotek odpornosti pri izbranih izolatih z znano odpornostjo proti amoksicilinu s klavulansko kislino je bil še višji in je za izolate rodu Bacteroides znašal 58,4 %, za izolate rodu Parabacteroides pa 50 %. Ker o ceftolozanu s tazobaktamom še ni smernic za interpretacijo mejnih vrednosti, smo določili distribucijo vrednosti MIK. Za prospektivno zbrane izolate je bila vrednost MIK50 16 μg/mL, MIK90 pa 256 μg/mL. Vsi izbrani izolati rodu Parabacteroides z znano odpornostjo proti amoksicilinu s klavulansko kislino so imeli vrednost MIK 256 μg/mL, medtem ko je bil razpon vrednosti za izolate rodu Bacteroides od 1,5 do 256 μg/mL. Antibiotic resistance among anaerobic bacteria has risen sharply in the last thirty years. The most extensive Slovenian research about antimicrobial resistance of anaerobic bacteria from 2015 showed that resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid of the most frequently isolated B. fragilis group was 8%, and the resistance to imipenem was 1%. There is no data about susceptibility for the other beta-lactam antibiotics in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors as testing for them is not performed in our routine diagnostics. For this reason, we decided to test the susceptibility of selected anaerobic bacteria from the genus Bacteroides and Parabacteroides to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacilin/tazobactam, and ceftolozan/tazobactam with a gradient diffusion method. We tested a total of 120 prospectively collected clinically significant anaerobic bacteria (104 isolates of the genus Bacteroides, 16 isolates of the genus Parabacteroides) and 87 selected isolates from the IMI collection with known resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77 isolates of the genus Bacteroides, 10 isolates of the genus Parabacteroides). The resistance of prospectively collected Bacteroides isolates to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was 17.3%, and 31.3% for the Parabacteroides isolates. The resistance of isolates of the genus Bacteroides to piperacillin/tazobactam was 11.5%, and among isolates of the genus Parabacteroides resistance was as high as 43.8%. The percentage of resistance of the selected isolates with known resistance to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid was even higher: 58.4% for Bacteroides isolates and 50% for isolates of the genus Parabacteroides. As there are no guidelines for interpretive breakpoints for ceftolozane/ tazobactam, we only determined MIC distribution. For prospectively collected isolates, the MIC50 value was 16 μg/mL, and MIC90 was 256 μg/mL. All selected isolates of the genus Parabacteroides with known resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid had a MIC value of 256 μg/mL, while the value range for isolates of the genus Bacteroides ranged from 1.5 to 256 μg/mL.
- Published
- 2021
5. Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Serum Metabolites and the Rumen Bacterial Community of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)
- Author
-
Huazhe Si, Hanlu Liu, Weixiao Nan, Guangyu Li, Zhipeng Li, and Yujie Lou
- Subjects
Arginine ,Firmicutes ,sika deer ,arginine ,Biology ,Prevotellaceae ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rumen ,Animal science ,parasitic diseases ,Bacteroides spp ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Cervus ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,030306 microbiology ,Bacteroidetes ,rumen bacteria ,biology.organism_classification ,Antler ,IGF-I ,Velvet antler ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Veterinary Science - Abstract
Velvet antler is a regeneration organ of sika deer (Cervus nippon) and an important Chinese medicine, and nutrient metabolism affects its growth. Here, we investigated the effects of arginine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemical indices, and the rumen bacterial community of sika deer during the antler growth period. Fifteen male sika deer (6 years old) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups, which were supplemented with 0 (n = 5, CON), 2.5 (n = 5, LArg), or 5.0 g/d (n = 5, HArg) L-arginine. The IGF-1, ALT and AST concentrations in the serum of LArg sika deer were significantly higher than those in the serum of CON (P < 0.05) and HArg deer (P < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rumen of sika deer among the three groups. Comparison of alpha diversities showed that the ACE and Chao1 indices significantly increased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. PCoA and ANOSIM results showed that the bacterial community was significantly changed between the CON and LArg groups. Moreover, the relative abundances of Fibrobacter spp. and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 increased, but those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium 1 decreased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. Additionally, the relative abundances of 19 OTUs were significantly different between the LArg and HArg groups. These results revealed that arginine supplementation affected the sika deer rumen bacterial community and serum biochemical indices.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Identification and characterization of prophages in Bacteroides spp. isolates from children with type 1 diabetes
- Author
-
Santos, Pedro Miguel Viegas dos, Faleiro, Leonor, and Duarte, Isabel
- Subjects
Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 ,Bacteriofagos ,Metilação do adn ,Ciências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas [Domínio/Área Científica] ,Bacteroides spp - Abstract
Identification and characterization of bacteriophages (phages) in gut microbiome (phageome) has been through the years a difficult task. Bacteriophages display the tools to modulate the bacterial populations in the gut through their abundance and diversity ultimately resulting in dysbiosis. The trigger that starts the metabolic cascade that leads to the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may come via an ample source of biological identities, one of which can be the viral patterns in the bacterial communities. A tool that greatly facilitates the detection of prophages in bacterial genomes is the PHAge Search Tool Enhanced Release (PHASTER) that was used in this study to analyze the prophage patterns of 7 Bacteroides dorei strains and 1 Parabacteroides distasonis strain that were isolated from children with T1D and healthy Controls. In the current study 9 incomplete prophages (cryptic prophages) were identified and characterized in 7 B. dorei strains and in the P. distasonis strain. Prophage-like regions in Bacteroides isolates from T1D children carrying genes potentially impacting or triggering the autoimmunity attack of β-cells to the onset of T1D were identified. A coding gene for a DEAD/DEAH box helicase in B. dorei D8M1 genome and a DNA adenine methylase (dam) gene encountered in B. dorei D16P1 and D16M14 strains. To establish if stress conditions could trigger the lytic cycle, particularly the exposure of the bacterial strains to mitomycin C, ox-bile and hydrogen peroxide was evaluated. No phage induction was observed under the exposure to the tested inducers. The role of the intestinal virome in the development of T1D is scarce to provide answers for the autoimmune attack of β-cells, but the identification of the dam gene in B. dorei strains isolated from T1D children evidences that it will be important to dissect its role on the bacterial physiology and its impact on the seroconversion. A identificação e caracterização de bacteriófagos (fagos) no microbioma intestinal foi ao longo dos anos uma tarefa difícil, superada apenas pelos avanços em novas metodologias para o estudo de vírus, como sequenciação de próxima geração, metagenómica, proteómica e bioinformática. A abundância de bacteriófagos no intestino humano pode atingir números elevados, podendo ser considerada a maior concentração de uma entidade biológica no planeta, representando um dos maiores conjuntos genéticos não explorados no nosso planeta. A ferramenta bioinformática PHAge Search Tool Enhanced Release (PHASTER) facilita a deteção de fagos nos genomas bacterianos bem como permite uma rápida identificação e anotação de sequências de fagos nos genomas e plasmídeos bacterianos. Esta ferramenta fornece informações detalhadas sobre a localização genómica dos elementos do fago, a integridade do prófago previsto e suas proteínas componentes, permitindo uma fácil identificação e caracterização do prófago. A doença Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DT1), inicialmente designada por diabetes juvenil, é uma doença crónica imunomediada caracterizada pelo ataque autoimune de células β pancreáticas nas ilhotas de Langerhans. A destruição das células β causa hiperglicemia grave, levando a alta morbidade, e se não for diagnosticada em tempo útil, pode resultar numa morte prematura. Geralmente, esta doença é mais comum nos primeiros anos de vida, com metade dos casos em crianças com idade inferior a 15 anos. A prevalência desta doença na população mundial é de 1%, com estudos recentes apontando para um novo início de DT1 em pacientes com mais de 20 anos. A progressão inicial de DT1 pode ser definida em três etapas: aparecimento de autoanticorpos nas células β (soroconversão) (estágio 1); seguido pela perda de células β e hiperglicemia (estágio 2); e finalmente o estágio sintomático (estágio 3). Em crianças finlandesas com alto risco genético para desenvolver DT1, um aumento na população de B. dorei foi detetado 8 meses antes da seroconversão para o primeiro autoanticorpo de ilhota, sugerindo que mudanças precoces na microbiota bacteriana intestinal podem ser exploradas para a autoimunidade prevista para DT1. Os bacteriófagos apresentam meios para manipular o ambiente ecológico intestinal através de vários mecanismos que afetam a saúde do hospedeiro pelo ciclo fago-bacteriano-fago. Os fagos ajudam a manter o bacterioma intestinal normal através de sua simbiose estável, usando diferentes ferramentas, como transferência horizontal de genes, lisogenia e controle da competição, mas também podem alterar a homeostase bacteriana levando a uma disbiose. O iniciador da cascata metabólica para o ataque autoimune às células β pode vir de uma ampla fonte de identidades biológicas, onde as unidades virais nas comunidades bacterianas podem ser um deles. O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi elucidar os padrões de prófagos nos genomas de estirpes de B. dorei isoladas de crianças com DT1 e crianças saudáveis da região do Algarve. Outro objetivo foi analisar se a exposição a condições de stress poderiam desencadear o ciclo lítico do prófago, particularmente a exposição ao antibiótico mitomicina C, ox-bile e peróxido de hidrogénio (H2O2). Identificamos e caracterizamos 9 prófagos incompletos (profagos crípticos) em 7 estirpes de B. dorei e 1 estirpe de Parabacteroides distasonis isolados de crianças com DT1 e crianças controlo. A partir dos elementos fágicos identificados, 4 deles nunca foram identificados em bactérias do Filo Bacteroidetes de acordo com o Virus-Host Database, fornecendo uma nova visão para estes fagos (Mannheimia phage vB_MhM_3927AP2; Clostridium phage c-st; Bacillus phage phiAGATE; Synechococcus phage S-SKS1). Os genomas bacterianos de crianças com DT1 apresentam em média duas regiões fágicas em comparação com os genomas bacterianos das crianças controlo com apenas uma em média, denotando alguma permeabilidade à infeção fágica para aquisição de genes vantajosos ao metabolismo ou fisiologia do hospedeiro. Além disso, a percentagem de similaridade de proteínas fágicas foi maior para os genomas bacterianos de DT1, chegando a 41,17% contra o máximo de 14,28% para genomas bacterianos das crianças controlo com um valor médio de 19,9% e 8,9%, respetivamente. As regiões fágicas identificadas nos genomas bacterianos de DT1 mostraram um tamanho médio de 19,02 kb contra 9,13 kb dos genomas bacterianos de crianças controlo. Algumas das regiões virais identificadas nos genomas bacterianos de crianças com DT1 e controlos evidenciaram similaridade fágica, entre si, sugerindo algumas características comuns. Localizações fágicas em isolados de Bacteroides de crianças com DT1 apresentam genes potencialmente impactantes no desencadear do ataque autoimune às células β até ao estabelecimento da doença, em comparação com as regiões de isolados de B. dorei de controlos que não apresentaram nenhum gene com esse atributo. O genoma da estirpe B. dorei D8M1 apresentou o maior número de regiões, com um gene que codifica para uma DEAD / DEAH box helicase, com uma possível ação na autoimunidade e possível estímulo na inflamação, mas requer ainda clarificação, nomeadamente os seus reguladores e elementos associados na interação. Outro gene importante que pode influenciar o ataque autoimune das células β é a DNA adenina metilase (Dam), que tem a capacidade de metilar a posição 6 do azoto na adenina para gerar N-6-metiladenina (m6c) nos seus locais de reconhecimento (repetições palindrómicas de 5 'GATC-3') regulando várias funções no hospedeiro do prófago. O gene dam foi identificado no genoma das estirpes B. dorei D16P1 e D16M14, evidenciando a mesma similaridade para o mesmo prófago. Um gene órfão de dam numa região fágica de uma estirpe de B. dorei isolada de uma criança finlandesa com alto risco genético para desenvolver DT1, mostrou um genoma fortemente metilado nos locais de reconhecimento da Dam antes da seroconversão evoluindo para autoimunidade contra células β após 1,5 meses. Em contraste, outra estirpe de B. dorei sem o gene dam, também de uma criança finlandesa com o mesmo risco genético para DT1, não revelou metilações no seu genoma nem progrediu para autoimunidade contra células β. Até ao momento, não está claro qual é o impacto deste gene no desenvolvimento de DT1. A indução do ciclo lítico pela exposição a mit C, H2O2 e ox-bile não foi observada em qualquer uma das estirpes testadas. A identificação no presente estudo do gene dam em regiões idênticas em duas estirpes de B. dorei isoladas do mesmo paciente fornece evidências de que os bacteriófagos podem capacitar as estirpes de B. dorei com perfis diferenciados, particularmente através da metilação de genes que influenciam a expressão génica através da regulação positiva ou negativa (por exemplo, lisogenia) com a metilação Dam do motivo 5´-GATC-3´, o que poderá explicar, em parte a sua dominância antes da seroconversão em crianças finlandesas e provavelmente em crianças portuguesas. Uma vez que a presença do gene dam em estirpes de B. dorei isoladas de crianças com DT1 tem sido reportada noutros estudos é necessário analisar o seu papel na fisiologia bacteriana e qual será o seu impacto na seroconversão. As estirpes de B. dorei e P. distasonis de crianças com DT1 e crianças Controlo do Algarve não apresentaram regiões com prófagos completos nos seus genomas, o que explica a ausência de indução de fagos pelos indutores testados. O papel do viroma intestinal no desenvolvimento de T1D é escasso para fornecer respostas para o ataque autoimune das células β, mas a identificação do gene dam em estirpes de B. dorei isoladas de crianças com DT1 evidencia a importância da avaliação do impacto deste gene na fisiologia bacteriana e a sua participação na seroconversão.
- Published
- 2020
7. Interactions of bacteroides dorei with intestinal epithilial cells
- Author
-
Matos, Isabel Cristina Soares Curado de and Faleiro, Leonor
- Subjects
Junções celulares ,HT29-MTX cells ,Bacteroides spp ,Diabetes tipo 1 ,Invasão ,Lactobacillus casei ,Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais [Domínio/Área Científica] - Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insufficient insulin production. Intestinal dysbiosis, (unbalanced microbiota composition), has been associated with T1D. High population levels of bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes have been reported in children with T1D, in contrast to healthy children. The intestinal metaproteome of children with T1D from the Algarve region has shown to be enriched with proteins originating from Bacteroides spp., including B. dorei and B. uniformis. Faecal analyzes allowed the isolation of these species from T1D and Control children of Algarve. The main goal of the current study was to evaluate the interactions between Bacteroides spp. isolates, including B. dorei, and the intestinal epithelial cells HT29-MTX-E12. All tested Bacteroides spp. were able to adhere to HT-29-MTX-E12 cells, ranging from 75.43 ± 2.98% to 83.06 ± 1.29%. B. dorei strains were able to invade HT-29-MTX-E12 ranging from 70.11 ± 5.66% to 85.25 ± 5.42%. In contrast, the strains of B. uniformis were not able to invade. Parabacteroides distasonis PtF D14MH1 showed the highest invasion ability (97.38 ± 1.62%). Disruption of the tight junctions of HT29-MTX-E12 cells was evident after exposure to B. dorei and P. distasonis isolates in contrast to slightly impaired after exposure to B. uniformis isolates. The viability of HT29-MTX-E12 cells decreased after exposure to the bacterial supernatant, and it was most evident when the medium was supplemented with 25 and 50% (v/v) of bacterial supernatant. The invasive ability of Bacteroides spp. significantly decreases in the presence of Lactobacillus casei DSM 20011. Cytokine production by HT29-MTX-E12 cells exposed to Bacteroides spp. was not noticeable and only induced the production of IL-8 and MIP-1β. The damage caused by Bacteroides spp. to the intestinal epithelial cells (disruption of cell junctions, decreased cell viability, adherence and invasive ability of the isolates) may contribute to dysbiosis in children with T1D. A diabetes é uma doença crónica caracterizada pela deficiência na produção ou ineficiente uso da insulina produzida pelo pâncreas. Essa deficiência na produção de insulina a longo prazo irá provocar um desequilíbrio no metabolismo da glicose. Os sintomas clássicos da doença são a poliúria, polidipsia e polifagia. Se o diagnóstico e / ou o tratamento da doença for tardio, inúmeras complicações graves e crónicas poderão surgir. Existem 3 tipos de diabetes mellitus, confirmados, a diabetes mellitus gestacional, a diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e a diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DT1) também conhecida como diabetes insulino-dependente, é uma doença autoimune, caracterizada pela destruição das células beta dos ilhéus pancreáticos, efetuada pelas células T. Só quando 90% das células beta pancreáticas são destruídas é que tem inicio a manifestação da doença. Alterações na microbiota intestinal (disbiose) têm sido referidas quer em crianças no período antecedente ao desenvolvimento da autoimunidade, quer em crianças com DT1 estabelecida. A microbiota intestinal das crianças com DT1 tem despertado muito interesse não só devido ao aumento de casos em crianças cada vez mais novas, mas também devido ao aumento de relatos sobre a associação entre a doença e a microbiota do trato gastrointestinal que manifesta um desequilíbrio na sua composição (disbiose). Uma disbisose pode resultar no aparecimento de respostas inflamatórias associadas a diferentes patologias como a síndrome do intestino inflamado ou cancro coloretal. Uma maior abundância de bactérias pertencentes ao Filo Bacteroidetes quer em crianças em seroconversão, quer em crianças com DT1 estabelecida, em contraste com crianças saudáveis que são portadoras de uma maior população de bactérias pertencentes ao Filo Firmicutes tem sido reportada. Um estudo metabólico sobre a microbiota intestinal de crianças diagnosticadas com DT1 e crianças controlo da região do Algarve revelou que crianças diagnosticadas com DT1 apresentam um proteoma mais abundante em proteínas com origem em Bacteroides spp., incluindo B. dorei e B. uniformis, quando comparados com o proteoma de crianças controlo. Uma análise fecal a crianças DT1 e controlo, também do Algarve, permitiu o isolamento de Bacteroides spp. de ambos os grupos de crianças, diferenças na recuperação de algumas espécies de Bacteroides. Bacteroides são bactérias Gram negativas, anaeróbias, mutualiastas que colonizam, em quantidades significativas, o intestino humano. Este género é de extrema importância para a nutrição humana, pois possuem uma grande capacidade de degradação de hidratos de carbono provenientes das plantas e uma das principais fontes de energia provém da fermentação de uma grande variedade de açúcares, estando também associadas ao mecanismo de degradação de mucinas (constituintes do muco que reveste o trato gastrointestinal humano). Pouco se sabe sobre as interações de bactérias, como B. dorei e B. uniformis, com as células epiteliais intestinais. A ligação de Bacteroides à DT1 tem vindo a ser cada vez mais explorada, assim como a sua ligação, se existir, com doenças associadas à DT1. Por conseguinte é de todo o interesse estudar as interações de Bacteroides spp. com o hospedeiro. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaiar a capacidade de estirpes de B. dorei, B. uniformis e Parabacteroides distasonis de interagir com células epiteliais intestinais, nameadamente HT29-MTX-E12. Para atingir este objetivo foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1) Avaliar a capacidade de adesão e invasão das estirpes de B. dorei (DSM 17855, PtF D1P5, PtF D8M1, PtF D16P1, PtF D16M14, PtF Sb6, PtF Sb8, PtF C1P2), B. uniformis (PtF Sb3P5 e PtF D3Pch2) e P. distasonis PtF D14MH1. 2) Examinar o efeito da exposição das células HT29-MTX-E12 aos diferentes isolados nas ligações celulares. 3) Determinar a viabilidade das linha celular após exposição ao metaboloma bacteriano. 4) Avaliar a indução de uma resposta inflamatória após a exposição da linha celular às células bacterianas. A linha celular HT29-MTX foi isolada da linha HT-29 (diferenciação é irreversível) devido à resistência das células a altas concentrações de metatrexato (MTX) após adaptação gradual a este fármaco anticancerígeno. Este clone é capaz de diferenciar espontaneamente células produtoras de muco. Têm sido utilizadas como modelo para estudar a adesão celular de bactérias lácticas a células epiteliais intestinais. A linha celular foi cultivada no meio in Dulbecco‟s Modified Eagles Medium High Glucose (Sigma) suplementado com soro fetal bovino inativado (10 %, v/v), amino ácidos (1% , v/v) e os antibióticos penicilina e estreptomicina (1 %, v/v). A incubação da linha celular decorreu a 37ºC numa atmosfera húmida com 5 % (v/v) CO2. A linha celular foi utilizada nos ensaios com 21 dias de diferenciação. A exposição da linha celular aos diferentes isolados decorreu em condições de anaerobiose. O meio de cultura Brain Heart Infusion (Biokar, France) suplementado com hemina (0.1%, v/v) e L-cisteina (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid) foi utilizado para crescer as diferentes espécies de Bacteroides. A estirpe L. casei DSM 20011 foi cultivada no meio de cultura Man Rogosa and Sharpe (Biokar, France). Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que todas as espécies de Bacteroides testadas têm capacidade de aderir às células HT-29-MTX-E12, variando de 75,43 ± 2,98 % a 83,06 ± 1,29 %. Os isolados de B. dorei apresentaram diferentes capacidades de invasão das células epiteliais intestinais, variando entre 70,11 ± 5,66 % e 85,25 ± 5,42 %. Em contraste, as estirpes de B. uniformis demonstram não possuir capacidade invasiva para estas células. O isolado que apresentou a maior capacidade invasiva para as células HT29-MTX-E12 foi P.distasonis PtF D14MH1 (97,38 ± 1,62%). A disrupção das tight junctions das células HT29-MTX-E12 foi evidente após a exposição aos isolados de B. dorei e P. distasonis, pelo contrário as células expostas aos isolados de B. uniformis apresentaram um leve dano em comparação com as células controlo. A viabilidade das células HT29-MTX-E12 diminuiu após a exposição ao sobrenadante bacteriano, tendo esta diminuição sido mais evidente quando o meio foi suplementado com 25 e 50 % (v/v) de sobrenadante bacteriano. A capacidade invasiva de Bacteroides spp. diminuiu significativamente na presença de Lactobacillus casei DSM 20011. A produção de citocinas pelas células HT29-MTX-E12 expostas a Bacteroides spp. não foi notável tendo apenas induzido a produção de IL-8 e MIP-1β. Os danos causados pela exposição das células epiteliais intestinais a Bacteroides spp. (aderência e capacidade invasiva dos isolados, rutura das tight junctions e diminuição da viabilidade celular) podem contribuir para a disbiose em crianças com DT1.
- Published
- 2019
8. EUCAST invite comments on new methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria.
- Author
-
Kahlmeter, Gunnar and Morris, Trefor E.
- Subjects
- *
MICROBIAL sensitivity tests , *ANAEROBIC bacteria , *CLOSTRIDIUM perfringens , *ANAEROBIC microorganisms - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Comparative studies of the outer membranes of <em>Bacteroides gingivalis,</em> strains ATCC 33277, W50, W83, 381.
- Author
-
Kennell, Wiebke and Holt, Stanley C.
- Subjects
- *
BACTEROIDES , *PORPHYROMONAS gingivalis , *PROTEINS , *CRYOSCOPY , *MEMBRANE proteins , *MOLECULAR weights - Abstract
Outer membrane fractions from Bacteroides gingivalisW5O,and W83 were isolated by French pressure cell disruption of major and minor proteins was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis after treatment with 2% Sarkosyl and 2% Triton X-100. Heat-modifiability of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from these B. gingivalis strains was also determined after treatment at 100°C and analysis by both 1- and 2-dimensional SDS-PAGE. The distribution of the OMPs on the surface of these B. gingivalis strain was determined by 125I labelling. For the most part of the OMPs of B. gingivalis presented a complex distribution, with OMPs observed between 123kD and 13kD. While the distribution of the OMPs was strain specific, OMPscommon to all of the strains were observed. Two percent Sarkosyl treatment of the OMs at room temperature resulted in the solubilization of approximately 60% of the OMP. The Sarkosyl-insoluble MOMPs had molecular weight 110kD and 20kD. Many of the OMPs which were separated at room temperature were heat-modified at either 65°C 65°C. Heating of the OMs at 100° C resulted in the heat modification of the majority of these OMPs observed at room temperature. Sarkosyl-100°C OMs displayed MOMPs at apparent molecular weights between 90kD and 15kD. Radioiodination of the B. gingivalis strains indicated the possibility of identifying and separating those OMPs involved in a variety of biological functions, including virulence, transport, and cell interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Bacteroides species in children with type 1 diabetes
- Author
-
Matos, José Joaquim Soares Curado de and Faleiro, Leonor
- Subjects
Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 ,Bacteroides dorei ,Crianças ,Microbiota ,Bacteroides spp ,Ciências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas [Domínio/Área Científica] - Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells leading to insufficient insulin production. Gut dysbiosis, which is associated with unbalanced diversity of microbiota has been linked with type 1 diabetes (T1D). High population levels of bacteria that belong to the phylum Bacteroidetes have been reported in children with T1D, in contrast to healthy children which show higher levels of Firmicutes. In Finnish children, particularly from the city of Turku, at early-onset of seroconversion it was reported a predominance of Bacteroides dorei in their guts. The main objective of this study was to analyse the Bacteroides population of children with T1D from the Algarve region. To achieve this the Bacteroides spp., including B. dorei were isolated and quantified in faecal samples collected from children with established T1D and control children including their healthy siblings. The isolates of B. dorei, B. uniformis and B. xylanisolvens were genotyped by rep-PCR. The levels of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were determined by real time PCR. Despite the low amount of B. dorei and Lactobacillus found in the Algarve children, there is a similarity between the children in the study groups, although there is some difference in the amount of Lactobacillus. A diabetes é uma doença crónica, cuja sua principal característica é a deficiência na produção ou atividade da insulina produzida pelo pâncreas. Essa deficiência na produção de insulina a longo prazo irá provocar um desequilíbrio no metabolismo da glicose. Os sintomas clássicos da doença são a poliúria, polidipsia e polifagia. Se o diagnóstico e / ou tratamento da doença não forem realizados atempadamente, inúmeras complicações graves e crónicas poderão surgir. Existem 3 tipos de diabetes mellitus, confirmados, a diabetes mellitus gestacional, a diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e a diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A diabetes mellitus gestacional, ocorre unicamente durante a gestação, adquirindo as mesmas características da diabetes tipo 2 sendo que logo após o nascimento do bebé, os problemas associados à doença desvanecem. A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 surge maioritariamente numa idade mais adulta e tem, como característica principal, a resistência das células à ação da insulina, na qual se verifica uma diminuição da resposta dos recetores da glicose. Esta ocorre geralmente em pessoas com excesso de peso ou numa idade mais avançada. A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DT1) também conhecida como diabetes insulino-dependente, é uma doença autoimune, caracterizada pela destruição das células beta dos ilhéus pancreáticos, efetuada pelas células T. Só quando 90% das células beta pancreáticas são destruídas é que tem inicio a manifestação da doença. Alterações na microbiota intestinal (disbiose) têm sido referidas quer em crianças no período antecedente ao desenvolvimento da autoimunidade, quer em crianças com DT1 estabelecida. A disbiose leva ao aparecimento de respostas inflamatórias que têm sido associadas a diferentes patologias como a síndrome do intestino inflamado e até mesmo o cancro do colon e reto. Por conseguinte é de todo o interesse académico estudar as alterações da microbiota intestinal e as suas interações com o hospedeiro.
- Published
- 2018
11. The Bactericidal Lectin RegIIIβ Prolongs Gut Colonization and Enteropathy in the Streptomycin Mouse Model for Salmonella Diarrhea
- Author
-
Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Nobuhiko Okada, Ryosuke Goto, Tsuyoshi Miki, and Mayuka Fujimoto
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Salmonella ,Gut colonization ,medicine.disease_cause ,Mice ,Lectins ,Bacteroides spp ,Bacteroides ,Enteropathy ,Pathogen ,Mice, Knockout ,RegIIIβ ,Salmonella diarrhea ,Vitamin B6 ,food and beverages ,Salmonella enterica ,Colitis ,Recombinant Proteins ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Diarrhea ,Streptomycin ,medicine.symptom ,medicine.drug ,Colon ,030106 microbiology ,Colonisation resistance ,Biology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,Metabolomics ,Salmonella Infections, Animal ,Innate immune system ,Probiotics ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Vitamin B 6 ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunology ,Parasitology - Abstract
Cell Host & Microbe, 21 (2), ISSN:1931-3128, ISSN:1934-6069
- Published
- 2017
12. Selección de los marcadores cultivables y moleculares útiles para diferenciar el origen de la contaminación fecal en el Río Bogotá
- Author
-
Sánchez Alfonso, Andrea Catherine, Campos Pinilla, María Claudia, and Diez Ortega, Hugo
- Subjects
Agua residual municipal ,Discriminación de la contaminación fecal ,Bogotá river ,Aguas residuales ,Marcadores genéticos ,Marcadores biológicos ,Río Bogotá ,Agua residual animal ,Molecular markers ,Maestría en ciencias biológicas - Tesis y disertaciones académicas ,Marcadores cultivables ,Municipal wastewater ,Culture-dependent markers ,Bacteroides spp ,Microbial Source Tracking ,Marcadores moleculares ,Slaughterhouse wastewater - Abstract
La detección de microorganismos patógenos intestinales en el agua se dificulta debido al alto costo de las pruebas y al tiempo de análisis. Como alternativa, se utilizan microorganismos indicadores, los cuales no diferencian si la contaminación es de origen fecal humano o animal, ya que hacen parte del tracto digestivo de ambos. Para discriminar el origen de la contaminación fecal, se ha propuesto el uso de marcadores dependientes de cultivo y moleculares que pueden presentar especificidad geográfica, por lo que es necesario identificar aquellos aplicables en nuestro medio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue seleccionar los marcadores cultivables y moleculares para diferenciar el origen de la contaminación fecal en el río Bogotá. Para diferenciar la contaminación de origen porcino, se aisló una cepa a partir de contenido intestinal de porcino identificada como Bacteroides fragilis PZ8. Se evaluaron indicadores no discriminantes: coliformes totales, E. coli, colifagos somáticos y fagos que infectan la cepa de Bacteroides fragilis RYC2056, indicadores discriminantes: fagos que infectan las cepas de Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron GA17 y Bacteroides fragilis PZ8 y marcadores moleculares discriminantes: Bacteroidetes HF183F y CF128F, Bifidobacterium adolescentis (ADO) y Bifidobacterium dentium (DEN), mediante PCR, en agua residual proveniente de plantas de beneficio de ganado bovino y porcino, de Plantas de Tratamiento de Agua Residual Doméstica (PTARD) y del río Bogotá. Se evidenció que las cepas de Bacteroides GA17 y PZ8 tienen potencial para discriminar la contaminación fecal humana y de porcino respectivamente, en las aguas evaluadas. Con la relación entre colifagos somáticos y fagos que infectan la cepa GA17, de dos unidades, se evidenció que la contaminación del río Bogotá es principalmente de origen humano. Los marcadores moleculares HF183F, ADO y DEN indicaron la presencia de contaminación humana y el marcador CF128F, la presencia de contaminación bovina en las aguas evaluadas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que los marcadores seleccionados son potencialmente útiles para discriminar el origen de la contaminación fecal en el río Bogotá. The detection of intestinal pathogenic microorganisms in water is difficult due to the high cost of testing and the time of analysis. As an alternative, indicator microorganisms are used, which do not differentiate if the contamination is of human or animal fecal origin. To discriminate the origin of fecal contamination, it has been proposed the use of culture-dependent and molecular markers that may present geographic specificity, so it is necessary to identify those applicable in our environment. The objective of this work was to select the cultivable and molecular markers to differentiate the origin of the fecal contamination in the Bogotá river. For this a strain was isolated from porcine intestinal contents identified as Bacteroides fragilis PZ8. Non-discriminatory indicators as: total coliforms, E. coli, somatic coliphages and Bacteroides fragilis phages strain RYC2056, discriminant indicators: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain GA17 and Bacteroides fragilis PZ8 phages, and molecular markers: HF183F, CF128F and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (ADO) and Bifidobacterium dentium (DEN), by PCR, in wastewater from bovine and porcine abattoir, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and Bogotá river. It was evidenced that strains GA17 and PZ8 have the potential to discriminate human and porcine fecal contamination, respectively, in the evaluated waters. The relationship between somatic coliphages and phage strain GA17 of two units, showed that the contamination of the Bogotá river is mainly of human origin. The molecular markers HF183F, ADO and DEN indicated the presence of human contamination and the marker CF128F, the presence of bovine contamination in the evaluated waters. The selected markers are potentially useful to discriminate the origin of fecal contamination in the Bogotá river. Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas Maestría
- Published
- 2017
13. Characterization of the human predominant fecal microbiota:With special focus on the Clostridial clusters IV and XIVa: Dissertation
- Author
-
Maukonen, Johanna
- Subjects
lactobacilli ,GOS ,DNA-extraction ,Erec ,Clept ,bifidobacteria ,elderly ,human salivary microbiota ,qPCR ,fluids and secretions ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,IBS ,Bacteroides spp ,human fecal microbiota ,DGGE - Abstract
The human gut microbiota is considered to be a complex fermentor with a metabolic potential rivaling that of the liver. In addition to its primary function in digestion, the indigenous microbial community has an important influence on host physiological, nutritional and immunological processes. The primary aim of this study was to characterize human predominant fecal microbiota with a special focus on Clostridial clusters XIV (Lachnospiraceae, Eubacterium rectale - Blautia coccoides group) and IV (Ruminococcaceae, Clostridium leptum group). The specific aims were: 1) To develop molecular methods for characterization of the human predominant fecal microbiota; 2) To assess the specificity, practicality, and usability of the developed methods for human fecal samples in healthy adults, elderly people, and people having IBS; 3) To assess possible confounding factors in the analysis of human fecal samples. Molecular tools were developed for sensitive and highly specific characterization of the human predominant fecal and salivary microbiota. DNA- and rRNA-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods (DGGE) were developed for Eubacterium rectale - Blautia coccoides group (Erec), rRNA-based DGGE method for predominant bacteria, and DNA-based DGGE methods for Clostridium leptum group (Clept) and Bacteroides spp. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) methods targeting predominant bacteria, Erec-group, Clept-group, Bacteroides spp., bifidobacteria, and Atopobium group were developed. Predominant bacterial, Erec-group, Clept-group, and Bacteroides spp. populations of healthy adults were temporally rather stable, showing intra-individual diversity and inter-individual variability. The rRNA-based profiles showed more temporal instability than DNA-based profiles. The enumerated clostridial groups (Erec, Clept, C. lituseburense, and C. histolyticum) represented the dominant fecal microbiota of most of the studied subjects, comprising altogether 29-87% of the total bacteria. Erec-group was the dominant group, accounting on average for 43% of total bacteria in control subjects, and 30% and 50% in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subjects affected by constipation and diarrhea, respectively. The observations indicated that in addition to temporal instability of the active predominant fecal bacterial population, clostridial microbiota may be involved in IBS. Differences in the predominant fecal microbiota between elderly people and younger adults were also assessed. Temporal stabilities of the studied bacterial populations (predominant bacteria, Erec-group, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli) were similar in both age groups. However, the diversity of predominant bacteria and Erec-group bacteria was significantly higher in elderly subjects as compared to younger adults. Consumption of probiotic yoghurt containing galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) for three weeks did not significantly affect the diversity or temporal stability of the studied bacterial groups. However, the composite data set containing all DGGE analyses of the study showed that the microbial communities from the GOS-supplemented subjects were more similar to each other than those of the control subjects. The similarity of the salivary and fecal microbiota was studied to assess whether the upper gastrointestinal tract microbiota influence the results obtained with DNA-based methods from feces. The predominant bacteria, bifidobacteria, and Erec-group bacteria of the oral cavity and feces were generally stable during probiotic con-sumption, showing more diversity in feces than in saliva and different species composi-tions for the two sampling sites. Lactobacilli, however, showed temporal instability in both feces and saliva. Furthermore, fecal and salivary samples contained identical indigenous Lactobacillus genotypes in most subjects. The effects of storage conditions and DNA-extraction protocols of fecal samples on the results were also evaluated. The DNA-extraction did not affect the diversity, composition, or quantity of Bacteroides spp., whereas after one week's storage at -20oC the numbers of Bacteroides spp. were 1.6-2.5 log-units lower. Furthermore, the numbers of predominant bacteria, Erec-group, Clept-group, bifidobacteria, and Atopobium-group were 0.5-4 log-units higher after mechanical DNA-extraction than after enzymatic DNA-extraction as detected with qPCR, regardless of the storage. The bacterial composition of Erec-group differed significantly depending on the DNA-extraction protocol;. According to the results, rigorous mechanical lysis leads to the detection of higher bacterial numbers and diversity from human fecal samples than enzymatic DNA-extraction. Since it was shown that the results of Clostridial and Actinobacterial populations are highly dependent on the DNA-extraction methods applied, the use of different DNA-extraction protocols may partly explain the contradictory results previously obtained in regard of obesity related and infant microbiota.
- Published
- 2012
14. Characterization of the human predominant fecal microbiota
- Subjects
lactobacilli ,GOS ,DNA-extraction ,Erec ,Clept ,bifidobacteria ,elderly ,human salivary microbiota ,qPCR ,fluids and secretions ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,IBS ,Bacteroides spp ,human fecal microbiota ,DGGE - Abstract
The human gut microbiota is considered to be a complex fermentor with a metabolic potential rivaling that of the liver. In addition to its primary function in digestion, the indigenous microbial community has an important influence on host physiological, nutritional and immunological processes. The primary aim of this study was to characterize human predominant fecal microbiota with a special focus on Clostridial clusters XIV (Lachnospiraceae, Eubacterium rectale - Blautia coccoides group) and IV (Ruminococcaceae, Clostridium leptum group). The specific aims were: 1) To develop molecular methods for characterization of the human predominant fecal microbiota; 2) To assess the specificity, practicality, and usability of the developed methods for human fecal samples in healthy adults, elderly people, and people having IBS; 3) To assess possible confounding factors in the analysis of human fecal samples. Molecular tools were developed for sensitive and highly specific characterization of the human predominant fecal and salivary microbiota. DNA- and rRNA-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods (DGGE) were developed for Eubacterium rectale - Blautia coccoides group (Erec), rRNA-based DGGE method for predominant bacteria, and DNA-based DGGE methods for Clostridium leptum group (Clept) and Bacteroides spp. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) methods targeting predominant bacteria, Erec-group, Clept-group, Bacteroides spp., bifidobacteria, and Atopobium group were developed. Predominant bacterial, Erec-group, Clept-group, and Bacteroides spp. populations of healthy adults were temporally rather stable, showing intra-individual diversity and inter-individual variability. The rRNA-based profiles showed more temporal instability than DNA-based profiles. The enumerated clostridial groups (Erec, Clept, C. lituseburense, and C. histolyticum) represented the dominant fecal microbiota of most of the studied subjects, comprising altogether 29-87% of the total bacteria. Erec-group was the dominant group, accounting on average for 43% of total bacteria in control subjects, and 30% and 50% in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subjects affected by constipation and diarrhea, respectively. The observations indicated that in addition to temporal instability of the active predominant fecal bacterial population, clostridial microbiota may be involved in IBS. Differences in the predominant fecal microbiota between elderly people and younger adults were also assessed. Temporal stabilities of the studied bacterial populations (predominant bacteria, Erec-group, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli) were similar in both age groups. However, the diversity of predominant bacteria and Erec-group bacteria was significantly higher in elderly subjects as compared to younger adults. Consumption of probiotic yoghurt containing galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) for three weeks did not significantly affect the diversity or temporal stability of the studied bacterial groups. However, the composite data set containing all DGGE analyses of the study showed that the microbial communities from the GOS-supplemented subjects were more similar to each other than those of the control subjects. The similarity of the salivary and fecal microbiota was studied to assess whether the upper gastrointestinal tract microbiota influence the results obtained with DNA-based methods from feces. The predominant bacteria, bifidobacteria, and Erec-group bacteria of the oral cavity and feces were generally stable during probiotic con-sumption, showing more diversity in feces than in saliva and different species composi-tions for the two sampling sites. Lactobacilli, however, showed temporal instability in both feces and saliva. Furthermore, fecal and salivary samples contained identical indigenous Lactobacillus genotypes in most subjects. The effects of storage conditions and DNA-extraction protocols of fecal samples on the results were also evaluated. The DNA-extraction did not affect the diversity, composition, or quantity of Bacteroides spp., whereas after one week's storage at -20oC the numbers of Bacteroides spp. were 1.6-2.5 log-units lower. Furthermore, the numbers of predominant bacteria, Erec-group, Clept-group, bifidobacteria, and Atopobium-group were 0.5-4 log-units higher after mechanical DNA-extraction than after enzymatic DNA-extraction as detected with qPCR, regardless of the storage. The bacterial composition of Erec-group differed significantly depending on the DNA-extraction protocol;. According to the results, rigorous mechanical lysis leads to the detection of higher bacterial numbers and diversity from human fecal samples than enzymatic DNA-extraction. Since it was shown that the results of Clostridial and Actinobacterial populations are highly dependent on the DNA-extraction methods applied, the use of different DNA-extraction protocols may partly explain the contradictory results previously obtained in regard of obesity related and infant microbiota.
- Published
- 2012
15. Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of resistance genes in intestinal Bacteroidales strains
- Author
-
Victor Rafael Castillo Merino, Amanda do Nascimento e Silva, Mario Julio Avila-Campos, Hannah M. Wexler, and Viviane Nakano
- Subjects
Imipenem ,P-lactamase activity ,Resistance genes ,Drug resistance ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antimicrobial resistance ,Microbiology ,Antibiotic resistance ,Clavulanic acid ,Ampicillin ,Metronidazole ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,medicine ,Bacteroides ,Humans ,Bacteroides spp ,Child ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Analysis of Variance ,biology ,MICROBIOLOGIA ,General Medicine ,Clinical Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Intestines ,Genes, Bacterial ,Parabacteroides distasonis ,β-lactamase activity ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,medicine.drug - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the antimicrobial resistance profile and the prevalence of resistance genes in Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis strains isolated from children's intestinal microbiota. METHODS: The susceptibility of these bacteria to 10 antimicrobials was determined using an agar dilution method. β-lactamase activity was assessed by hydrolysis of the chromogenic cephalosporin of 114 Bacteriodales strains isolated from the fecal samples of 39 children, and the presence of resistance genes was tested using a PCR assay. RESULTS: All strains were susceptible to imipenem and metronidazole. The following resistance rates were observed: amoxicillin (93%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (47.3%), ampicillin (96.4%), cephalexin (99%), cefoxitin (23%), penicillin (99%), clindamycin (34.2%) and tetracycline (53.5%). P-lactamase production was verified in 92% of the evaluated strains. The presence of the cfiA, cepA, ermF, tetQ and nim genes was observed in 62.3%, 76.3%, 27%, 79.8% and 7.8% of the strains, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate an increase in the resistance to several antibiotics in intestinal Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis and demonstrate that these microorganisms harbor antimicrobial resistance genes that may be transferred to other susceptible intestinal strains.
- Published
- 2010
16. Adherence and invasion of Bacteroidales isolated from the human intestinal tract
- Author
-
Viviane Nakano, M.A. Menezes, V Szulczewski, Hannah M. Wexler, Mario Julio Avila-Campos, Vanessa Bueris, Roxane M. F. Piazza, Lilian Pumbwe, Aurora Marques Cianciarullo, Meire Roberta Bresciani Mendes-Ledesma, Waldir P. Elias, and Maurilio Fernandes dos Santos
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Diarrhea ,Virulence Factors ,capsule ,Fimbria ,Colony Count, Microbial ,Virulence ,medicine.disease_cause ,HEp-2 cells ,Bacterial Adhesion ,Microbiology ,Cell Line ,Feces ,fluids and secretions ,Cytosol ,medicine ,Bacteroides spp ,Animals ,Humans ,adherence ,Child ,Microscopy, Immunoelectron ,Bacteroidaceae ,Bacterial Capsules ,Parabacteroides spp ,biology ,Bacteroidetes ,food and beverages ,Infant ,Epithelial Cells ,General Medicine ,invasion ,biology.organism_classification ,Parabacteroides ,Bacteroidales ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Microscopy, Electron ,Infectious Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Fimbriae, Bacterial ,Parabacteroides distasonis ,Bacteroides ,Bacteria - Abstract
Members of the genera Bacteroides and Parabacteroides are important constituents of both human and animal intestinal microbiota, and are significant facultative pathogens. In this study, the ability of Bacteroides spp. and Parabacteroides distasonis isolated from both diarrhoeal and normal stools (n = 114) to adhere to and invade HEp-2 cells was evaluated. The presence of putative virulence factors such as capsule and fimbriae was also investigated. Adherence to HEp-2 cells was observed in 75.4% of the strains, which displayed non-localized clusters. Invasion was observed in 37.5% and 26% of the strains isolated from diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal stools, respectively. All strains displayed a capsule, whereas none of them showed fimbriae-like structures. This is the first report of the ability of Bacteroides spp. and P. distasonis to adhere to and invade cultured HEp-2 epithelial cells.
- Published
- 2008
17. Adherence and experimental infection of bacteria associated with periodontal infections of young cattle in Brazil ('Cara inchada') Aderência e infecção experimental de bactérias associadas com infecções peridentárias de bovinos jovens no Brasil ('cara inchada')
- Author
-
Barbara Grassmann, Jürgen Döbereiner, Iveraldo S. Dutra, Peter A. Kopp, and Hans Blobel
- Subjects
actinomicina ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,streptomycin ,bovinos ,actinomycin ,estreptomicina ,"Cara inchada" ,periodontal infection ,infecção peridentária ,cattle ,aderência ,Bacteroides spp ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,adherence - Abstract
In vitro- and in vivo-assays were conducted, to study the possible role of streptomycin- and actinomycin-producing soil actinomycetes for the pathogenesis of "Cara inchada" in cattle (CI). Adherence of Bacteroides spp. to epithelial cells of the bovine gingiva, known to be associated with the progressive lesions of CI, was significantly increased by the addition of streptomycin, actinomycin or antibiotic culture supernatants of the soil actinomycetes. Applications of these mixtures together with Actinomyces pyogenes to the marginal gingiva of the upper premolar teeth of about 1 month old Holstein Friesian calves did not lead to progressive lesions of CI. Only one calf exhibited a slight diarrhea and a temporary retraction of the gingiva at the site of application.Foram realizados ensaios in vitro e in vivo para estudar o possível envolvimento de actinomicetos do solo como produtores de estreptomicina e actinomicina na pathogênese da periodontite da ,,cara inchada" dos bovinos (CI). A aderência de Bacteroides spp. às células epitheliais da gengiva marginal de bezerros, dos quais se sabe estarem associados às lesões progressivas da CI, aumentou significantivamente através a adição de estreptomicina, actinomicina ou de antibióticos produzidos pelo cultivo de actinomicetos do solo. Aplicações de Bacteroides spp. e Actinomyces pyogenes, junto com os antibióticos, na gengiva dos dentes premolares maxilares de bezerros da raça holandês preto-branco, de cerca de 1 mês de idade, não provocaram lesões progressivas da CI. Somente um bezerro mostrou leve diarréia e retração temporária da gengiva no local da aplicação.
- Published
- 1997
18. Aderência e infecção experimental de bactérias associadas com infecções peridentárias de bovinos jovens no Brasil ('cara inchada')
- Author
-
Hans Blobel, Peter A. Kopp, Barbara Grassmann, Jürgen Döbereiner, Iveraldo S. Dutra, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Justus-Liebig-Univ. Giessen, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
streptomycin ,medicine.drug_class ,Veterinary medicine ,Antibiotics ,Arcanobacterium pyogenes ,Bovinae ,Microbiology ,estreptomicina ,periodontal infection ,stomatognathic system ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,Actinomyces ,Bacteroides spp ,Bacteroides sp ,adherence ,Friesia ,actinomicina ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,biology ,bovinos ,Actinobacteria (class) ,actinomycin ,biology.organism_classification ,Cara inchada ,Bos taurus ,Diarrhea ,stomatognathic diseases ,"Cara inchada" ,Streptomycin ,infecção peridentária ,cattle ,aderência ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Bacteroides ,medicine.symptom ,Gingival margin ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:18:14Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:38:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-0031322976.pdf: 171624 bytes, checksum: 1afaafd9c0055082075b1c60c340a636 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997-07-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) In vitro- and in vivo-assays were conducted, to study the possible role of streptomycin-and actinomycin-producing soil actinomycetes for the pathogenesis of Cara inchada in cattle (CI). Adherence of Bacteroides spp. to epithelial cells of the bovine gingiva, known to be associated with the progressive lesions of Cl, was significantly increased by the addition of streptomycin, actinomycin or antibiotic culture supernatants of the soil actinomycetes. Applications of these mixtures together with Actinomyces pyogenes to the marginal gingiva of the upper premolar teeth of about 1 month old Holstein Friesian calves did not lead to progressive lesions of CI. Only one calf exhibited a slight diarrhea and a temporary retraction of the gingiva at the site of application. Embrapa-CNPAB Projecto Saúde Animal Embrapa UFRRJ, Km 47, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23851-970 Inst. F. Bakteriol. und Immunologie Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Justus-Liebig-Univ. Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 107, D-35392 Giessen Embrapa-CNPAB PSA, Km 47, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro 23851-970 Bolsista CNPq DAPSA Unesp-Araçatuba, Caixa Postal 533, Araçatuba, SP 16015-050 DAPSA Unesp-Araçatuba, Caixa Postal 533, Araçatuba, SP 16015-050
- Published
- 1997
19. Propolis from Different Geographic Origins Decreases Intestinal Inflammation and Bacteroides spp. Populations in a Model of DSS-Induced Colitis.
- Author
-
Wang K, Jin X, Li Q, Sawaya ACHF, Le Leu RK, Conlon MA, Wu L, and Hu F
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, China, Colitis chemically induced, Colitis genetics, Colon drug effects, Colon microbiology, Colon pathology, Dextran Sulfate toxicity, Disease Models, Animal, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Male, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Bacteroides drug effects, Colitis drug therapy, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Propolis chemistry, Propolis pharmacology
- Abstract
Scope: Dietary supplementation with polyphenol-rich propolis can protect against experimentally induced colitis. We examined whether different polyphenol compositions of Chinese propolis (CP) and Brazilian propolis (BP) influence their ability to protect against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats., Methods and Results: HPLC-DAD/Q-TOF-MS analysis confirmed that polyphenol compositions of CP and BP were dissimilar. Rats were given CP or BP by gavage (300 mg kg
-1 body weight) throughout the study, starting 1 week prior to DSS treatment for 1 week followed by 3 d without DSS. CP and BP significantly reduced the colitis disease activity index relative to controls not receiving propolis, prevented significant DSS-induced colonic tissue damage, and increased resistance to DSS-induced colonic oxidative stress as shown by reduced malonaldehyde levels and increased T-AOC levels. CP and BP significantly reduced DSS-induced colonic apoptosis. Colonic inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 were suppressed by CP and BP, whereas only BP-induced expression of TGF-β. CP, not BP, increased the diversity and richness of gut microbiota populations. Both forms of propolis significantly reduced populations of Bacteroides spp., Conclusions: Despite the dissimilar polyphenol compositions of CP and BP, their ability to protect against DSS-induced colitis is similar. Nevertheless, some different physiological impacts were observed., (© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Monitoring of waterways for evidence of faecal contamination from biosolids using DNA techniques.
- Author
-
Wiesner, D., Pritchard, Deborah, Davies, Jill, Ho, K., Penney, N., Wiesner, D., Pritchard, Deborah, Davies, Jill, Ho, K., and Penney, N.
- Abstract
Increased nutrient levels in inland waterways have led to algal blooms and eutrophication in many agricultural regions. To ensure fertiliser inputs are managed more effectively, the source of contamination needs to be tracked and identified. Point sources could include inorganic fertilisers, livestock excreta, or more recently biosolids. The presence of faecal indicator microorganisms has been widely used to identify the presence of faeces, however, these methods cannot distinguish between human and animals samples. This study investigated PCR amplification as a molecular method to distinguish biosolids from livestock faeces of biosolids, cattle, sheep, poultry and kangaroo. This was achieved using published priming sequences and restriction site profiling of amplified DNA across the 16S rRNA gene of anaerobic gastrointestinal bacteria Bacteroides spp and Bifidobacteria spp. Preliminary investigation showed that of the three Bacteroides spp primer pairs investigated, two were useful for cow faecal material; though at lower annealing temperatures were also applicable to biosolids and sheep faecal material. The third primer pair was specific only for biosolids. All three primer pairs were unable to PCR-amplify Bacteroides spp sequences in faecal material of kangaroo. Of the three Bifidobacteria spp primer pairs, one was useful for sheep faecal material; though at lower annealing temperature was also applicable to biosolids and cow and kangaroo faecal material. The Bifidobacterium angulatum specific primer pair enabled the PCR detection of anaerobes only in biosolids and faecal material of kangaroo. The third, a Bifidobacterium catenulatum specific primer pair was suitable for faecal material of cow and at lower annealing temperatures was also applicable to the sample from sheep. Varying degrees of success were observed in faecal material from other animals. Generally, biosolids tested positive for Bacteroides and Bfidobacteria with all primers except for those specifi
- Published
- 2008
21. Differentiation of biosolids from animal faecal material using the 16s ribosomal RNA genetic markers of gastrointestinal anaerobic bacteria
- Author
-
Ho, K., Pritchard, Deborah, Penney, N., Ho, K., Pritchard, Deborah, and Penney, N.
- Abstract
Recombinant DNA techniques were evaluated for their usefulness in distinguishing biosolids from faecal material of cow, kangaroo and sheep. It involved PCR amplification using published priming sequences, and restriction site profiling of amplified DNA across the 16S rRNA gene of anaerobic gastrointestinal bacteria, Bacteroides spp and Bifidobacteria spp. Of the three Bacteroides spp primer pairs, two were useful for cow faecal material though at lower annealing temperatures were also applicable to biosolids and sheep faecal material. The third primer pair was specific only for biosolids. All three primer pairs were not able to PCR-amplify Bacteroides spp sequences in faecal material of kangaroo. Of the three Bifidobacteria spp primer pairs, one was useful for sheep faecal material though at lower annealing temperature was also applicable to biosolids and cow and kangaroo faecal material. The Bifidobacterium angulatum specific primer pair enabled the PCR detection of anaerobes only in biosolids and in faecal material of kangaroo. The third, a Bifidobacterium catenulatum specific primer pair was suitable for faecal material of cow and at lower annealing temperatures was also applicable to the sample from sheep. For some primer sets, PCR amplification alone could not differentiate biosolids from other faecal samples. However, this could be resolved by digesting amplified DNA with the appropriate restriction enzymes. Overall, our evaluations show that recombinant DNA techniques have the potential to distinguish biosolids from other sources of faecal material, including that from kangaroo.
- Published
- 2007
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.