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Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius) is a commensal bacterium of the human oral mucosa and gut. It has been used as probiotic in the prevention of lower respiratory tract infection and as a strong antagonist to the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes. Pneumonia due to this bacterium is a rare and invasive disease which has been described in immunosuppressant individuals. Because it is a rare microorganism, its antimicrobial resistance is low. CLINICAL CASE: a seven-month-old male with fever, non-cyanosing cough and rhinorrhea, accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms that progressed to pneumonia and bacteremia. S. salivarius resistant to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides was isolated from blood culture at 48 hours. He was managed with vancomycin with clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: S. salivarius can cause life-threatening infections in paediatric patients, especially in premature newborn and patients with immunosuppression or malnutrition. We recommend considering these aspects in paediatric patients to prevent negative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clostridiodes difficile bacteremia (CDB) develops in less than 1% of all the cases, nonetheless, with a significant increase in mortality. The objective of the present article is to report the first case of CDB in the Mexican population, empathizing with the treatment difficulty derived from the lack of consensus. Clinical case: A 42-year-old female with previous history of chronic thromboembolic pathologies and grade III obesity, develops community acquired atypical pneumonia requiring hospitalization, having parenteral antibiotics. During hospitalization, non severe C. difficile infection was concluded and started treatment with Vancomycin for 10 days. One week later the patient presented to the emergency department at HES CMN SXXI with gastrointestinal symptomatology, mostly epigastric pain, fever and diarrhea. After proper approach, C. difficile was isolated in blood cultures through mass spectrophotometry analysis, for which a 10- day treatment of metronidazole was prescribed with resolution of the infection being discharged afterwards. Conclusion: CDB is an exceptional and lethal clinical condition, mainly seen in patients with previous gastrointestinal diseases. IV Metronidazole demonstrated therapeutic effi- cacy in this case report and could be a successful and available therapeutic option in Mexican health care units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report presents a rare liver abscess caused by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans bacteremia in an elderly Indian patient. Desulfovibrio spp. are gram-negative, sulfate-reducing anaerobic bacteria that are typically found in the environment and can also be normal inhabitants of the oral cavity and intestinal tract. While liver abscesses are commonly caused by gram-negative bacilli, Desulfovibrio spp. are rarely reported as causative agents. The patient, an 83-year-old Indian female, was living in Portugal for a long time. She had multiple comorbidities and presented with general malaise, asthenia associated with decreased appetite, and diarrhea. CT scan confirmed the presence of liver abscesses and blood cultures identified Desulfovibrio desulfuricans as the causative agent. Treatment involved percutaneous drainage of the abscesses and a 6-week course of antibiotics with metronidazole initially and then with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The patient showed clinical improvement, and subsequent negative haemocultures and imaging control indicated the effectiveness of the treatment. However, the patient's condition deteriorated due to respiratory failure caused by COVID-19, highlighting the impact of underlying comorbidities. The rarity of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans infections in Portugal further emphasizes the significance of this case. It raises questions about the potential influence of ethnicity and geography on susceptibility to such infections, warranting further research.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a facultatively anaerobic gram-positive cocci of the coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) species. Initially considered as commensal, S. lugdunensis has been found to be responsible for a wide range of disseminated infections in humans (bacteriemia, foreign-body infection, endocarditis, arthritis, osteomyelitis, …) thereby often compared to Staphylococcus aureus in terms of virulence behavior. We present the case of a 62-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease, undergoing hemodialysis through an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) of the left forearm. She was diagnosed with S. lugdunensis bacteriemia and secondary native-knee septic arthritis. Endocarditis was ruled out and the patient evolved well with a 6-week course of IV cefazolin. Four months later, she consulted the rheumatology department with a recurrent right knee arthritis. Cultures came back positive for an identical multi-sensitive S. lugdunensis. Endocarditis was ruled out and full body 18F-FDG PET-CT showed no secondary location but a focal hypermetabolic activity in the left forearm fistula area. AVF Doppler showed no sign of collection nor thrombophlebitis around the fistula. We concluded in an infection of the fistula due to repeated punctures (recurrent cannulation) as entry point. She was treated with a 12-week oral combination of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and her symptoms have not returned since. S. lugdunensis commonly causes prosthetic and arthroscopy-related joint infections. As native-joint septic arthritis is unusual, we conducted a review of the literature and discuss the burden of disseminated S. lugdunensis infections among dialysis patients.

Introduction. The indication of preoperative prophylaxis in the insertion of indwelling tunneled central venous catheters (ITCVC) has a low level of evidence. Our objective was to assess risk factors of ITCVC-related early bacteremia in oncological pediatric patients and to determine the need for preoperative prophylaxis. Materials and methods. A univariate and multivariate retrospective analysis of patients in whom an ITCVC was placed from January 2020 to July 2023, according to whether they had ITCVC-related early bacteremia (EB) in the first 30 postoperative days, was carried out. Demographic variables, leukopenia, neutropenia, use of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, and history of central venous catheter (CVC) or bacteremia were collected. Calculations were carried out using the IBM SSPS29® software. Results. 176 patients with a mean age of 7.6 years (SD: 4.82) were analyzed. 7 EB cases were identified, with a greater frequency of neutropenia (p= 0.2), history of CVC in the 48 hours before insertion (p= 0.08), and intraoperative CVC (p= 0.04). The presence of intraoperative CVC increased the risk of EB 9-fold [OR: 9.4 (95%CI: 1.288-69.712) (p= 0.027)]. The lack of preoperative prophylaxis did not increase the risk of EB [OR: 2.2 (CI: 0.383-12.669) (p= 0.3)]. The association with other variables was not significant. Conclusions. The intraoperative presence of CVC was a risk factor of EB in our patients. Preoperative prophylaxis had no impact on the risk of EB, which in our view does not support its use. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required. Leukopenia or neutropenia at diagnosis were not associated with a greater prevalence of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with endogenous endophthalmitis (EE), determine factors associated with outcome and propose a management plan for EE. Methods: Retrospective case series in two tertiary referral centers from 2010 to 2022. Results: Sixty-four eyes of 53 patients were included. Bilateral involvement occurred for 11/53 patients (21%). Ocular symptoms were the only first manifestation of the disease in 36/53 (68%) of cases; signs of sepsis were evident in 17/53 (32%). Imaging tests detected at least one extraocular focus of infection in 34/53 patients (64%), with contrast-enhanced thoraco-abdominopelvic computed tomography showing relevant findings in 28/50 (56%) of cases. EE was microbiologically confirmed in 43/53 patients (81%); the organisms involved were: Gram-positive bacteria (19/53, 36%), Gram-negative bacteria (13/53, 25%) and Candida sp. (11/53, 21%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common bacteria (10/32, 31%). Blood cultures were positive in 28/53 patients (53%) and eye samples in 11/41 eyes (27%). All patients were treated with systemic antimicrobial therapy, 39/64 eyes (61%) received anti-infective intravitreal injection(s) and 17/64 eyes (27%) underwent vitrectomy. Four patients (8%) died due to uncontrolled systemic infection. Final visual acuity (VA) was < 20/400 in 28/57 eyes (49%) and ocular structural loss (bulbar phthisis or enucleation/evisceration) was reported in 18/64 eyes (28%). In multivariate analysis, initial VA was the only parameter associated with visual and/or structural loss of the eye (OR = 24.44 (4.33-228.09) and 5.44 (1.33-26.18) respectively). Conclusions: EE remains a severe infection with a poor ocular outcome. We propose a standard protocol to improve diagnosis and medical management.

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Health care-associated infections are common in neonatology, but there is no consensus on their definitions. This makes it difficult to compare their incidence or assess the effectiveness of prevention bundles. This is why we think it is very important to achieve a consensus on the definitions and diagnostic criteria for one of the most frequent causes of morbidity in hospitalised neonates. This document aims to standardise the definitions for the most frequent health care-associated infections, such as catheter-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia and surgical wound infection, as well as the approach to their diagnosis and treatment. Resumen: Las infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria son frecuentes en neonatología pero no existe un consenso en sus definiciones. Esto dificulta la comparación de incidencias entre distintas unidades o la valoración de la eficacia de los paquetes de prevención. Es por ello que consideramos muy importante lograr un consenso en las definiciones y diagnóstico de una de las morbilidades más frecuentes de los neonatos hospitalizados. El presente documento pretende unificar estas definiciones en relación a las infecciones más frecuentes como son la bacteriemia relacionada con el catéter, la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica y la infección de la herida quirúrgica, así como su abordaje diagnóstico-terapéutico.

Copyright of Revista Médica de Rosario is the property of Circulo Medico de Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To determine the diagnostic performance of blood culture positivity times for distinguishing true bacteremia from contaminants in the automated "BACT/ALERT®" system. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional, diagnostic test-type study was conducted from a database of blood culture samples processed between January 2016 and August 2021. All blood culture samples from patients with suspected bacteremia were included; blood culture samples were entered into the "BACT/ALERT®" system to differentiate true bacteremia from contaminants. Results. We obtained 33,951 blood cultures samples, of which 3875 were positive. Of the total number of positive blood cultures, 75.2% (n=2913) were true bacteremia and 24.8% (n=962) were contaminants. The median time to positivity in blood cultures with true bacteremia was significantly shorter (16.3 hours; IQR: 11.2 - 24.9) than the median time to positivity of blood cultures with contaminants (22.5 hours; IQR: 18.4 - 31.8; p<0.001). The positivity time showed the capacity to differentiate true bacteremia from contaminants, with an AUC-ROC of 0.73 (95%CI: 0.71 - 0.75), with 85% and 63% sensitivity and specificity respectively for the diagnosis of contaminants when the positivity time exceeds 16.5 hours. The use of antibiotics prior to sampling delayed the time to positivity, while having fever before sampling shortened the time to positivity. Conclusions. Our results show good diagnostic performance of blood culture positivity times to differentiate true bacteremia from contaminants using the "BACT/ ALERT®" system when the positivity time was longer than 16.5 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Whether cirrhotic patients with Streptococcus bovis bacteremia have an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm is uncertain. A multicentric retrospective cohort study was conducted investigating associations between S. bovis biotype and species, cirrhosis, and colorectal neoplasm. Out of 779 patients with S. bovis bacteremia, 69 (8.7%) had cirrhosis. No differences were found in the prevalence of colorectal neoplasm between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients undergoing colonoscopy. Among cirrhotic patients, prevalence of colorectal neoplasms was higher in S. bovis biotype I (S. gallolyticus) bacteremia (80%) than in S. bovis biotype II (33.3%; p < 0.007). In conclusion, risk of colorectal neoplasm is high among cirrhotic patients with S. gallolyticus bacteremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La asociación entre la endocarditis infecciosa (EI) por Streptococcus gallolyticus y las lesiones malignas del tracto gastrointestinal está bien descrita. Asumimos que otros microorganismos enteropatógenos, como el Streptococcus viridans y Enterococcus faecalis también pueden estar relacionados con la enfermedad colorrectal. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de depósitos focales de la [18F]FDG en localización colorrectal, sugestivos de lesiones tumorales, y su correlación con la enfermedad de colon y recto en pacientes con infección causada por diferentes microorganismos comensales del tracto gastrointestinal. Examinamos retrospectivamente 61 pacientes con diagnóstico de bacteriemia y de EI (posible o concluyente) según los criterios de Duke y causada por microorganismos enteropatógenos, y que fueron sometidos a una PET/TC de cuerpo entero con [18F]FDG en nuestra institución. Buscamos depósitos de la [18F]FDG en localización colorrectal, así como la presencia de lesiones morfológicas. A todos los pacientes con EI se les realizó una colonoscopia completa y los resultados histológicos se clasificaron según 4 grupos: lesión maligna, lesión premaligna, lesión benigna y ausencia de lesión. Se evaluó la correlación existente entre los hallazgos de la PET/TC con [18F]FDG y el diagnóstico histopatológico y el microorganismo implicado. La PET/TC detectó 20 depósitos de [18F]FDG en localización colorrectal (32,79%-OR: 47,28), 2 de ellos en pacientes con bacteriemia (16,7%) confirmados como lesiones malignas y premalignas y 18 en el grupo con EI (36,6%), 17 de ellos correspondientes a enfermedad colorrectal: 11 lesiones malignas, 5 premalignas y una benigna. En el subgrupo con EI la colonoscopia detectó lesiones colorrectales en el 51,02% de los pacientes: 11 malignas, 8 premalignas y 6 benignas. En el subgrupo de Streptococcus spp. se detectó una mayor incidencia de depósitos de [18F]FDG en localización colorrectal. En cuanto a los hallazgos anatomopatológicos del colon, hubo un predominio de pacientes afectados por S. viridans , seguido de E. faecalis y S. gallolyticus. Los pacientes estudiados mediante PET/TC por una infección sistémica, especialmente EI, causada por S. viridans o E. faecalis , además de la conocida asociación del S. gallolyticus , muestran una mayor probabilidad de presentar depósitos incidentales de FDG colorrectal, correspondiendo en su mayoría a lesiones de carácter maligno o premaligno. De este modo, y como conclusión principal, consideramos necesario realizar una investigación exhaustiva de posibles focos colorrectales detectados en el estudio PET/TC. Association between Streptococcus gallolyticus infective endocarditis (IE) and malignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract is well described. We hypothesize that other enteropathogenic microorganisms, such as Streptococcus viridans and Enterococcus faecalis are also related with colorectal pathology. Our aim is to determine the frequency of focal colorectal FDG deposits, suggestive of tumoral lesions and their correlation with colorectal pathology, in patients with infection caused by different commensal microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract. We retrospectively examined 61 patients diagnosed with bacteremia (BSI) and IE (possible or definite) according to Duke's criteria, caused by enteropathogenic microorganisms, who underwent a full-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT in our institution. We looked for colorrectal FDG deposits and morphological lesions. All IE patients underwent a complete colonoscopy and the histological results were classified into four groups: malignant lesion, premalignant lesion, benign lesion and no lesion. We evaluated the correlation between the findings of the [18F]FDG-PET/CT with the histopathological diagnosis and the involved microorganism. PET/CT detected 20 colorectal FDG deposits (32.79%-OR: 47.28), 2 within bacteriemic patients (16.7%) confirmed as malignant and premalignant lesions and 18 in IE group (36.6%), 17 of them corresponding to colorrectal pathology: 11 malignant, 5 premalignant and 1 benign lesions. In the IE subgroup, the colonoscopy detected colorectal lesions in 51.02% of the patients: 11 malignant, 8 premalignant and 6 benign. We found a higher incidence of colorectal FDG deposits in Streptococcus spp. subgroup. Regarding the anatomopathological colonic findings there was a predominance of patients affected by S. viridans , followed by E. faecalis and S. gallolyticus. Patients studied by PET/CT for systemic infection, especially IE, caused by S. viridans or E. faecalis , in addition to S. gallolyticus , show a greater probability of presenting incidental colorectal FDG deposits, mostly corresponding to malignant or pre-malignant lesions. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an exhaustive search of possible colorectal foci in these exams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: El uso de catéteres venosos centrales para hemodiálisis se relaciona con un mayor desarrollo de complicaciones infecciosas, por lo que las Guías de Práctica Clínica recomiendan diferentes estrategias para disminuir dichas complicaciones, sin indicación clara sobre el apósito a utilizar en la cura del orificio de salida. Objetivo: Comparar la tasa de infecciones relacionadas con el catéter de dos pautas de cura del orificio de salida del catéter venoso central de hemodiálisis: apósito con gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% frente a clorhexidina en solución al 2%, cubierta con apósito de poliuretano semipermeable autoadhesivo. Material y Método: Estudio experimental, controlado, aleatorizado en pacientes en hemodiálisis a través de catéter venoso central para comparar dos pautas de cura, grupo control: clorhexidina en solución al 2% cubierta con apósito de poliuretano semipermeable autoadhesivo y grupo intervención: apósito con gluconato de clorhexidina al 2%. Se recogieron datos socioclínicos y relacionados con las complicaciones infecciosas. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial.. Resultados: Se estudiaron 50 pacientes, 25 en cada grupo. El grupo intervención presentó dos infecciones del orificio de salida y el grupo control, presentó doce casos (OR: 0,176, IC 95%: 0,039-0,790; p=0,013). El grupo intervención presentó un caso de bacteriemia frente a dos episodios del grupo control (OR: 0,533, IC 95%: 0,048-5,892; p=ns). Conclusión: La cura con apósito con gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% es una medida protectora frente a la infección del orificio de salida en comparación con la cura con clorhexidina en solución al 2% y apósito de poliuretano.

La sepsis en gestantes es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad materna, cuyo diagnóstico se retrasa debido a las adaptaciones fisiológicas del embarazo, y a la falta de criterios claros validados en este grupo poblacional. Los gérmenes Gram negativos principalmente Escherichia coli, son su principal causa; sin embargo los Gram positivos, también forman parte etiológica de esta patología. En este reporte, se presenta el caso de una gestante de 36 años de edad, quien desarrolla choque séptico con aislamiento en hemocultivos de Staphylococcus xylosus, y en quien pese a un manejo antibiótico guiado, desarrolla disfunción orgánica múltiple y desenlace fatal. El reconocimiento temprano de la sepsis materna, así como la presunción etiológica y tratamiento dirigido, puede prevenir morbilidad y mortalidad en las pacientes gestantes.

Antecedentes: La infección relacionada con catéter venoso central (CVC) está asociada a una elevada morbimortalidad y se ha relacionado con la bacteriemia asociada a CVC, disfunciones de catéter, la manipulación y las medidas higiénicas tomadas durante la misma. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la tasa de bacteriemia entre los años 2019 y 2020, primer año de pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2, en una unidad de hemodiálisis de un hospital de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Material y Método: Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio observacional retrospectivo transversal en el que se compararon datos relativos a la manipulación y al funcionamiento del catéter, y tasa de bacteriemias relacionadas con el catéter entre los años 2019 y 2020 a través de la base de datos de la unidad. Resultados: En 2019 se incluyeron 35 pacientes, que presentaron una tasa de bacteriemia de 1,42/1000 días de catéter y 29 pacientes en 2020, con una tasa de bacteriemia de 1,82/1000 días de catéter, no encontrándose diferencias significativas (p=0,54), no encontrando un riesgo de bacteriemia incrementado o disminuido durante el primer año de pandemia producida por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Conclusiones: Como principal conclusión de este estudio, podemos afirmar que no se ha evidenciado que la llegada de la pandemia producida por la enfermedad del coronavirus y las medidas adoptadas frente al virus SARS-CoV-2, tanto organizacionales como de prevención, sean un factor de riesgo o protección respecto a la tasa de bacteriemia, probablemente debido al bajo número de eventos encontrados.

Dental procedures have been associated with bacteriemia and infective endocarditis. Objective: To determine the prevalence of infective endocarditis from dental procedures. Materials and methods: A descriptive, retrospective quantitative study was carried out. Records of infective endocarditis of which the general identification, sex, age, socioeconomic status, dental procedure report, type of dental procedure and non-specified infective endocarditis information was collected. Additionally, information was recorded on the type of medical/surgical procedure or medical condition that was associated. Categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequencies. The data were compiled in a spreadsheet for processing in statistical software (SPSS ver. 25). Results: Of the 154 cases of infective endocarditis registered, only 1 case (0.7%) reported an endodontic-type dental procedure prior to hospitalization. The most reported related cause was catheterization for hemodialysis (37%) followed by unspecified bacteriemia (22%) and cardiovascular condition associated with heart valves and pacemakers (18.8%). In 15.6% of the cases, it was reported as non-specific infective endocarditis. The most isolated microorganisms belonged to the genus Staphylococcus followed by Streptococcus. Conclusions: The frequency of bacterial endocarditis related to dental procedures was less than 1%. Medical-surgical procedures remain the most common cause of bacterial endocarditis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urinary tract infections are defined as the adherence, multiplication, and persistence of an infectious agent within the urogenital system, causing an associated inflammatory response and clinical signs; instead, the presence of bacteria in urine as determined by positive bacterial culture (PUC) from a properly collected urine specimen, in the absence of clinical signs, is defined subclinical bacteriuria. Limited information on the prevalence of PUC in spinal cord injury cats affected by neurogenic bladder (NB) is available. On contrary, in NB dogs and humans the prevalence of bacteriuria is well documented. Moreover, while in humans information about bacteriemia associated with NB is already available, this aspect has never been studied in NB cats. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the prevalence of PUC in cats with NB, compared to animals affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) and healthy cats. Furthermore, the prevalence of bacteriemia in cats with NB was evaluated. Fifty-one cats met the inclusion criteria: 12 cats were affected by NB, 22 had CKD and 17 were healthy. The prevalence of PUC was 58.33% and 18% in NB and CKD cat populations, respectively. All blood cultures were negative. The incomplete bladder emptying and the decreased resistance in the bladder wall could be considered predisposing elements to PUC in the NB feline population. The results of this study highlight, for the first time, an high prevalence of PUC in cats affected by NB, which was not found to be associated with bacteriemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: For the microbiological diagnosis of bacteremia and fungemia, it is essential to use automated blood culture systems that guarantee good performance in the detection of microorganisms. We evaluated the BT24 system for blood cultures by comparing it with the BACTEC™ FX system in detection of positive spiked blood cultures (BC) and bottles, subsequent growth of the microorganism, and time to detection (TTD)., Methods: The parallel analysis of both systems was performed with 160 strains of 31 different species, each inoculated under the same conditions and simultaneously in six blood culture bottles. The Chi-square test was used for comparison per BC and per bottle detection. Wilconxon test and Student's t-test were used for comparison of TTDs., Results: Overall, the following BC (aerobic bottle+anaerobic bottle) were detected as positive: 160/160 (100%) in BACTEC FX and 158/160 (98.7%) in BT24 (P=.31). Furthermore, the following pediatric blood cultures (1 single bottle, aerobic) were also detected: 159/160 (99.4%) in BACTEC FX and 156/160 (97.5%) in BT24 (P=.17). TTDs were longer with BT24 system than with BACTEC FX system, especially for Staphylococcus aureus strains., Conclusions: We consider the BT24 system with good performance and specificity comparable to the reference system, but inferior in TTD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no relevant financial interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) on hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in patients with acute burn injury requiring admission to a Burns Unit (BU)., Design: Retrospective before-and-after cohort study, between January 2017 and June 2023. SDD was implemented in March 2019, dividing patients into two groups., Setting: Four-bed BU, in a referral University Hospital in Spain., Patients: All the patients admitted during the study period were eligible for analysis. Patients who died or were discharged within 48hours of admission, and patients with an estimated survival less than 10% not considered for full escalation of therapy were excluded., Intervention: SDD comprised the administration of a 4-day course of an intravenous antibiotic, and an oral suspension and oral topical paste of non-absorbable antibiotics during the stay in the BU., Main Variable of Interest: Incidence of HAIs during the stay in the BU., Secondary Outcomes: incidence of specific types of infections by site (bacteremia, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection) and microorganism (Gram-positive, Gram-negative, fungi), and safety endpoints., Results: We analyzed 72 patients: 27 did not receive SDD, and 45 received SDD. The number of patients who developed HAIs were 21 (77.8%) and 21 (46.7%) in the non-SDD and the SDD groups, respectively (p=0.009). The number of hospital-acquired infectious episodes were 2.52 (1.21-3.82) and 1.13 (0.54-1.73), respectively (p=0.029)., Conclusions: SDD was associated with a reduced incidence of bacterial HAIs and a decrease in the number of infectious episodes per patient., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.)

Eggerthella lenta is an obligate anaerobic, Gram-positive bacilli, belonging to the human microbiota of gastrointestinal and female reproductive tracts, oral cavity and prostate gland. In this article, we aim to describe clinical and microbiological characteristics of seven E. lenta strains causing bacteremia. We conducted a descriptive retrospective study including all E. lenta strains causing bacteremia, from February 2019 to August 2023 at the Basurto University Hospital. Seven patients were included in the study with a mean age of 72.7 years. Six patients presented risk factors associated with bacterial infections. All patients were admitted to the hospital because of suspicious of bloodstream infection associated with abdominal symptoms for intravenous antibiotic treatment. Four E. lenta isolates were resistant to penicillin, while all isolates presented high MICs to piperacillin/tazobactam and low MICs to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. All patients recovered without no complications., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background. Bloodstream infections (BSI) are common after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The objective of study was to analyze pre- and post-engraftment BSI.Materials and methods. From January 2018 till May 2021242 patients after first allo-HSCT were enrolled in the study. Median age was 35 (17–65) years. The majority of transplants were done for acute leukemias (71.9 %) in remission (91.7 %) with reduced-intensity conditioning regimens (71.5 %) and peripheral blood stem cells (74.4 %) as a graft source.Results. Of 242 patients 95 (39.2 %) developed BSI: 79 (83.2 %) developed 1 BSI episode, 16 (16.8 %) – 2 or more. Overall 113 BSI episodes were registered: 94 (82.7 %) were caused by single microorganism, 19 (17.3 %) were polymicrobial. Probability of pre-engraftment BSI was 31.0 %, post-engraftment – 11.8 %. In total 134 microorganisms were identified: 61.2 % – gram-negative and 38.8 % – gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative BSI rate was significantly higher during post-engraftment compared to pre-engraftment phase (57.7 % vs. 70.3 %; р = 0.008). Major risk factor for pre-engraftment BSI was mismatched unrelated allo-HSCTs (hazard ratio (HR) 2.55; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.32–4.91; р = 0.03), for post-engraftment BSI – secondary poor graft function (HR 21.70; 95 % CI 7.95–59.24; р

Min Zhang,1,2,&ast; Ziwen Wang,1,3,&ast; Zhenshan Liang,4 Niya Hu2 1Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang City, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang City, 330006, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Min Zhang; Niya Hu Email zhangmin_20212021@163.com; 364621603@qq.comIntroduction: Janibacter caused bacteriemia is one of the rare infections.Methods: In the present study, we report the first isolation of Janibacter, a rare bacterial infection, from a bacteremia patient in China. Its 16S rDNA was amplified and designated as Janibacter YFY001, which belongs to J. indicus. In addition, its genome was sequenced through combined second- and third-generation genome sequencing methods.Results: Based on its genome, we identified many virulence factors, such as catalase, gelatinase, FbpABC systems, and resistant genes, among others. Interestingly, three genomic islands were found in YFY001 by comparing its genome to environmental Janibacter strains.Discussion: Our study not only provides the necessary genomic information for in-depth study of Janibacter, but also provides a novel methodology for studying future cases of rare bacterial infection.Keywords: bacteriemia, Janibacter, genomic sequencing

Abstract: Raoultella planticola (R. planticola) is an anaerobic gram-negative bacillus implicated in urinary, intra-abdominal, skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia and bacteraemia. We depict here the clinical case of a 74-year-old woman, medicated lifelong with phenytoin, with bacteraemia caused by R. planticola, successfully treated with ceftriaxone. To date, a comprehensive literature review, revealed 52 published clinical cases (between 2007-2019), thirteen of which due to bacteraemia. Resumen: Raoultella planticola (R. planticola) es un bacilo anaerobio Gram negativo implicado en infecciones de partes blandas, urinarias, intra-abdominales, neumonías y episodios de bacteriemia. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 74 años, tratada con fenitoína de forma crónica, con bacteriemia por R. planticola tratada de forma exitosa con ceftriaxona. Hasta la fecha, tras realizar una revisión de la literatura, se han descrito 52 casos entre 2007 y 2019, trece de los cuales presentaron bacteriemia.

Introducción: La infección por Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) es la segunda causa enfermedad de transmisión sexual (ETS), con una incidencia en aumento, altas tasas de resistencia antibiótica y con su mayor presentación a nivel genital. Su presentación con bacteriemia es menor del 3 %, con limitante en su diagnóstico por su bajo rendimiento. Por lo anterior reportamos el caso. Presentación caso: Hombre de 60 años con antecedente de diabetes mellitus, quien ingresa por cuadro poliarticular con sinovitis, asociado a un síndrome febril, sin otro hallazgo al examen físico. Se documenta bacteriemia por NG, con nexo temporal con relación sexual previa. Se indica tratamiento antibiótico según antibiograma con profilaxis a pareja. Paciente egresa sin ninguna complicación. Conclusión: La diseminación hemática por NG es una condición rara, con síntomas iniciales muy inespecíficos, con bajo rendimiento de pruebas diagnósticas en esta condición, por lo cual requiere alta sospecha clínica y cobra gran importancia una historia clínica muy detallada. Como en nuestro caso, los síntomas inespecíficos condicionaron a descartar otras condiciones hasta el aislamiento en hemocultivos lleva a diagnósticos definitivo. Es un caso con presentación clínica inusual.

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Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)