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Radiofrequency ablation of the medial branch is commonly used to treat chronic low back pain involving facet joints, which accounts for 12% to 37% of the total cases of chronic low back pain. An adverse effect of this procedure is the denervation of the multifidus muscle, which may lead to its atrophy which can affect the spine and possibly disc degeneration. This study aims to quantify changes in joint angles and loading caused by multifidus denervation after radiofrequency ablation. AnyBody model of the torso was used to evaluate intervertebral joints in flexion, lateral bending, and torsion. Force-dependent kinematics was used to calculate joint angles and forces. These dependent variables were investigated in intact multifidus, unilateral, and bilateral ablations of L3L4, L4L5, and L5S1 joints. The results showed pronounced angular joint changes, especially in bilateral ablations in flexion, when compared with other cases. The same changes' trend from intact to unilaterally then bilaterally ablated multifidus occurred in joint angles of lateral bending. Meanwhile, joint forces were not adversely affected. These results suggest that multifidus denervation after radiofrequency ablation affects spinal mechanics. Such changes may be associated with abnormal tissue deformations and stresses that can potentially alter their mechanobiology and homeostasis, thereby possibly affecting the health of the spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hamstring, being a two-joint muscle, tends to shorten over time, resulting in tightness, affecting performance in daily activities and is also capable of generating exaggerated posterior pelvic tilt, leading to decreased lumbar lordosis. Weak core muscles have been associated with hamstring tightness, and strengthening the core has been attempted in an effort to relax the hamstring tightness. It is believed that the hamstrings overact and over a period of time tightens, when the core is weak, to compensate for postural stability. Method: Thirty-three subjects, both male and females with and without hamstring tightness, were assessed for their core endurance through McGill's core endurance test battery. It was followed by active knee extension test to determine degree of hamstring tightness on both sides. Correlation between the two variables was statistically analyzed. Results: Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the collected data. A moderate positive but significant correlation (p = 0.02) was found between flexor endurance test and active knee extension (both sides). A weak positive but significant correlation (p = 0.05) was found between extensor endurance test and active knee extension (both sides). Correlation between the right and left lateral bridge with their respective side hamstring flexibility was negative and not significant (p = 0.916 (right lateral torso endurance); p = 0.339 (left lateral torso endurance)). Conclusion: Since there is a moderate positive but significant correlation between the flexion torso endurance test and both side hamstring flexibility and a weak positive but significant correlation between extension torso endurance test and both side hamstring flexibility, the core (flexor, extensor, and lateral) should be thought of as a whole unit when strengthening in order to maintain and improve hamstring flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the course of the physical activity transition, machines have largely replaced skeletal muscle as the source of work for locomotion and other forms of occupational physical activity in industrial environments. To better characterize this transition and its effect on back muscles and the spine, we tested to what extent typical occupational activities of rural subsistence farmers demand higher magnitudes and increased variability of back muscle activity and spinal loading compared to occupational activities of urban office workers in Rwanda, and whether these differences were associated with back muscle endurance, the dominant risk factor for back pain. Using electromyography, inertial measurement units, and OpenSim musculoskeletal modeling, we measured back muscle activity and spinal loading continuously while participants performed occupational activities for one hour. We measured back muscle endurance using electromyography median frequency analysis. During occupational work, subsistence farmers activate their back muscles and load their spines at 390% higher magnitudes and with 193% greater variability than office workers. Partial correlations accounting for body mass show magnitude and variability response variables are positively associated with back muscle endurance (R = 0.39–0.90 [P < 0.001–0.210] and R = 0.54–0.72 [P = 0.007–0.071], respectively). Body mass is negatively correlated with back muscle endurance (R = -0.60, P = 0.031), suggesting higher back muscle endurance may be also partly attributable to having lower body mass. Because higher back muscle endurance is a major factor that prevents back pain, these results reinforce evidence that under-activating back muscles and under-loading spines at work increases vulnerability to back pain and may be an evolutionary mismatch. As sedentary occupations become more common, there is a need to study the extent to which occupational and leisure time physical activities that increase back muscle endurance helps prevent back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Skeletal muscle is displayed and easily quantifiable on standard CMR T1-maps. • High native skeletal muscle T1 times are linked to a more unfavorable prognosis. • Native skeletal muscle T1 time may serve as a risk stratification marker in HFpEF. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and death. Previous studies have shown that altered muscle composition is associated with higher risk of adverse outcome in HFpEF patients. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between skeletal muscle composition, as measured by skeletal muscle T1-times on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, and adverse outcome. We measured skeletal muscle T1-times of the back muscles on standard CMR images in a prospective cohort of HFpEF patients. Cox regression models were used to test the association of skeletal muscle T1-times and adverse outcome defined as hospitalization for HF and/or cardiovascular death. We included 101 patients (mean age 72±7 years, 71 % female) in our study. The median skeletal muscle T1-times were 842 ms (IQR 806–881 ms). In univariate analysis high muscle T1-time was associated with adverse outcome (HR=1.96 [95 % CI, 1.31–2.94] per every 100 ms increase; p =.001). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, left- and right ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and myocardial native T1-times, native skeletal muscle T1-time remained an independent predictor for adverse outcome (HR=1.94 [95 % CI, 1.24–3.03] per every 100 ms increase; p =.004). In patients with HFpEF, high skeletal muscle T1-times on standard CMR scans are associated with higher rates of HF hospitalizations and cardiovascular death. Condensed abstract: Skeletal muscle abnormalities are common in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The present study evaluates skeletal muscle composition, as quantified by native skeletal muscle T1-times of the back muscles on standard cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and assessed the association with adverse outcome, defined as hospitalization for heart failure and/or cardiovascular death. In a prospective cohort of 101 patients with HFpEF, we found that high native skeletal muscle T1-times are associated with an increased risk for adverse outcome. These findings suggest that native skeletal muscle T1-time may serve as marker for improved risk prediction. High skeletal muscle T1-time is associated with highest risk of adverse cardiovascular events including heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death 101 patients with HFpEF underwent CMR for measurement of skeletal muscle T1-time of the back muscles (green arrows on panel 3) using T1-mapping to assess muscle tissue. The right panel shows time-to-event curves of the study cohort for the combined endpoint of HF hospitalizations and/or cardiovascular death, stratified by skeletal muscle T1-time median. Patients with high skeletal muscle T1-time (purple line), suggesting that inflammation and fibrosis are present, had a higher risk for adverse outcome compared to patients with a low skeletal muscle T1-time (blue line). CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptations in muscle physiology due to long-term physical training have been monitored using various methods: ranging from invasive techniques, such as biopsy, to less invasive approaches, such as electromyography (EMG), to various quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) parameters. Typically, these latter parameters are assessed immediately after exercise. In contrast, this work assesses such adaptations in a set of qMRI parameters obtained at rest in the lumbar spine muscles of volunteers. To this end, we developed a multiparametric measurement protocol to extract quantitative values of (water) T2, fat fraction, T1, and Intra Voxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) diffusion parameters in the lumbar back muscle. The protocol was applied to 31 healthy subjects divided into three differently trained cohorts: two groups of athletes (endurance athletes and powerlifters) and a control group with a sedentary lifestyle. Significant differences in muscle water T2, fat fraction, and pseudo-diffusion coefficient linked to microcirculatory blood flow in muscle tissue were found between the trained and untrained cohorts. At the same time, diffusion coefficients (resolved along different directions) provided additional differentiation between the two groups of athletes. Specifically, the strength-trained athletes showed lower axial and higher radial diffusion components compared to the endurance-trained cohort, which may indicate muscle hypertrophy. In conclusion, utilizing multiparametric information revealed new insights into the potential of quantitative MR parameters to detect and quantify long-term effects associated with training in differently trained cohorts, even at rest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While pedaling, cyclists rest their pelvis on the saddle, generating pressures on it. The pressures generated on the saddle are influenced by several factors. This study aimed to evaluate whether the flexibility of hamstring and lower back muscles could be considered a predictor of pressures in the anterior region (PAR) on the saddle. Methods: For this study, 15 young off-road Italian cyclists (11m, 4f) aged 13–16 (Italian Federation categories: ES1, ES2, AL1, AL2) were recruited. Each participant was administered the V sit-and-reach (VSR) to measure the hamstring and lower back muscles flexibility. Subsequently, after performing a bike fitting, the saddle pressures during pedaling at three different intensities (100, 140, 180 W), with participants on their own bike installed on specific bike roller, were recorded. The parameters considered for statistical analysis were front pressure (%) and back pressure (%). Results: The hamstring and lower back muscles flexibility, as result of the VSR test, was a predictor of saddle PAR at 100 W (R² = 0.362, p = 0.018), at 140 W (R2 = 0.291, p = 0.038), and at 180 W (R² = 0.349, p = 0.020) of pedaling intensity. Conclusion: Higher values of the VSR could predict lower values of the pressures exerted in the front region of the saddle. The hamstring and lower back muscles flexibility may be considered a predictor of PAR on the saddle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe aim of this study was to append a passive soft back exoskeleton to a validated musculoskeletal model and assess its effectiveness in reducing lumbar loads. Fifteen participants lifted a box, with and without wearing a CORFOR® exoskeleton. A full body OpenSim model was used to estimate lumbar joint moments and reaction forces, as well as low back muscles forces. Wearing the exoskeleton reduced the peak flexion moment, muscles forces, as well as peak compressive and shear forces. This musculoskeletal modelling study shows that wearing the exoskeleton may reduce lumbar spine loads and may contribute to prevent low back disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating tailbeat frequency (TBF) is a crucial component of fish swimming kinematics and performance, particularly because it provides information about energetics and behavioral responses to environmental cues. The most commonly used technique for TBF estimation is based on accelerometers. This paper proposes a novel approach using bioimpedance technology. This is the first time bioimpedance has been measured in a freely moving animal. This was made possible by implanting a flexible electrode in the back muscle of seabasses and having them in a swimming tunnel. The experiment first demonstrates that it is possible to measure bioimpedance in an immersed fish despite the high conductivity of seawater. An agreement analysis was then performed to compare a video-based reference measurement of TBF with the newly proposed approach. Several bioimpedance settings, such as the configuration and the extracted electrical parameters, were considered. Data analysis highlights that a 4-point setup for modulus impedance measurement at frequencies over 10 k Hz provides the best agreement (r > 0.98 and CCC > 0.97) with the video-based approach. These results attest to the significant benefits of integrating bioimpedance sensors in biologgers, especially considering the complementary parameters that can be extracted from bioimpedance measurements, such as length, weight, condition index, and fat content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effects of the Muscle Energy Technique (MET) and the Bowen Technique on hamstring muscle tightness in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. Method: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) designed study in which 62 participants were recruited through the purposive sampling technique were divided into two groups by the lottery method. Subjects who had pain for more than six months in the back and hamstring tightness were included. The duration of the study was four months from February to May 2023 conducted at Madinah Teaching Hospital Faisalabad. Subjects in Group-A were given the Bowen technique, whereas subjects in Group-B were given the MET. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and active knee extension (AKE) tests were used for measurements of outcomes. Results: Intra-group comparison by using Friedman test revealed that both Group-A & B subject’s pain were reduced (P<0.000), their tightness in back thigh muscles were significantly reduced (P<0.000) and functional activities of subjects were also improved (P<0.000). Mann Whitney test was used to determine the between group comparison. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant. Inter Group-Analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between effects of Bowen technique & MET on pain, hamstring tightness and disability as both techniques improved pain, flexibility & disability. Conclusion: This study revealed that both groups treated by MET and Bowen Technique had significantly reduced pain, improved flexibility of back thigh muscle and reduced functional disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Romania's stomatology private practice sector has seen substantial growth, with many dentists fully committing to building and expanding their own practices, often funded by their personal income. This study aimed to explore how various postures affect the muscle groups of dentists (380), particularly focusing on identifying positions that may jeopardize their musculoskeletal health. A group of dentists effectively participated in this study (10), adhering to their regular work routines while wearing wearable sensors on their backs to monitor posture and activity. The data gathered from these sensors were analyzed using the RULA (rapid upper-limb assessment) and REBA (rapid entire-body assessment) tools. The findings indicated that the head and shoulder movements during dental procedures involved considerable and repetitive angular shifts, which could strain the neck and back muscles and heighten the risk of musculoskeletal problems. Additionally, the standing postures adopted by the dentists were associated with an increased risk of postural issues and greater overall fatigue. Extended periods of trunk and head tilting were also identified as contributing factors to posture-related challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of an eight-week bosu ball exercise (BBE) program on core strength endurance and balance performance in intellectually disabled (ID) adolescents. Twenty-nine participants (14 males and 15 females) between the ages of 11 and 14, who had been diagnosed with moderate and mild intellectual disabilities (ID) by the Provincial Guidance Research Center they were affiliated with, were included in the study. The participants underwent an eight-week program of BBE. The plank test, endurance of the right (R) and left (L) lateral flexors, endurance of abdominal muscles, and endurance of back extensor muscles were assessed to determine core region endurance before and after BBE. Additionally, balance performance was evaluated using the Y balance test. The right (R) and left (L) leg Y balance test performances of the participants before and after BBE did not change significantly according to the group*time interaction (p>0.05). In the time interaction, L-Anterior (L-An) [F(1, 27)=4.273, η2p=.137,p=.048], L-Postmedial (L-PM) [F(1, 27)=15.244, η2p=.361,p<.001], L-Postlateral (L-PL) [F(1,27)=10. 703, η2p=.284,p=.003], R-An [F(1, 27)=9.833, η2p=.267, p=. 004], R-PM [F(1, 27)=9.958, η2p=. 269,p=.004], R-PL [F(1, 27)=15.681, η2p=.367,p<.001] values increased significantly. When the core strength parameters of the participants were examined; extensor muscle endurance showed a significant change in favour of men in the group-time interaction [F(1, 27)=6.619, η2p=.197, p=.016]. In the time interaction, plank [F(1, 27)=16.204, η2p=.375, p<.001], R-lateral flexor muscles [F(1, 27)=14.140, η2p=.344,p<.001], L-lateral flexor muscles [F(1, 27)=12.379, η2p=.314,p=.002], abdominal muscle [F(1, 27)=8.418, η2p=.238,p=.007], extensor muscles [F(1, 27)=17.802, η2p=.397,p<.001] parameters in males and females. As a result, BBE could be considered a preferred exercise modality to reduce the risk of fall-related injuries caused by balance impairment and inadequate trunk strength, which are prevalent among individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse events of the fractured vertebra (AEFV) post-percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) can lead to recurrent pain and neurological damage, which considerably affect the prognosis of patients and the quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of AEFV and develop and select the optimal risk prediction model for AEFV to provide guidance for the prevention of this condition and enhancement of clinical outcomes. Methods: This work included 383 patients with primary osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) who underwent PKP. The patients were grouped based on the occurrence of AEFV postsurgery, and data were collected. Group comparisons and correlation analysis were conducted to identify potential risk factors, which were then included in the five prediction models. The performance indicators served as basis for the selection of the best model. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for AEFV: kissing spine (odds ratio (OR) = 8.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–49.02), high paravertebral muscle fat infiltration grade (OR = 29.19, 95% CI 4.83–176.04), vertebral body computed tomography value (OR = 0.02, 95% CI 0.003–0.13, P < 0.001), and large Cobb change (OR = 5.31, 95% CI 1.77–15.77). The support vector machine (SVM) model exhibited the best performance in the prediction of the risk of AEFV. Conclusion: Four independent risk factors were identified of AEFV, and five risk prediction models that can aid clinicians in the accurate identification of high-risk patients and prediction of the occurrence of AEFV were developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a leading cause of disability and remains a major burden for many public health systems. Acupuncture is a nonpharmacological treatment for CNLBP that can be effective in improving low back pain; nevertheless, its effect on improving back muscle endurance in patients with CNLBP and its duration of effect have not been studied. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of acupuncture on lower back muscle activity in CNLBP patients. This was a single-blind, randomized, crossover experimental study. Thirty female patients were randomized into Group A (15 patients) or Group B (15 patients). Patients in Group A were assigned to receive real acupuncture (RA) in the first phase and sham acupuncture (SA) in the second phase, while those in Group B received SA first and then RA, with a 1-week washout period between phases. Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of group and time on isokinetic parameters, Surface electromyography (sEMG) data, and blood data. Significant interaction effects were identified between group * time on the isokinetic parameters of the lumbar extensor muscles, sEMG values of the erector spinae, blood lactate levels, and blood ammonia levels (all p< 0.05). Compared with those of the SA group, the isokinetic parameters of the lumbar extensor muscles, sEMG values of the erector spinae, blood lactate levels, and blood ammonia levels of the RA group were significantly different (all p< 0.05). RA improves lumbar extensor endurance in patients with CNLBP and lasts approximately 9 minutes. RA can improve blood circulation to reduce blood lactic acid and blood ammonia produced during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Multifidus is an important lumbar muscle with distinct superficial and deep fibers responsible for torque production and stabilization, respectively. Its mechanical properties change when transitioning from lying to sitting positions, necessitating enhanced stability. It holds crucial clinical relevance to assess these layers separately, especially in the sitting posture, which demands increased neuromuscular control compared to the prone position. OBJECTIVE: To compare lumbar multifidus stiffness in lying versus sitting postures, analyzing both superficial and deep layers. METHODS: Supersonic Shear Imaging captured elastographic images from 26 asymptomatic volunteers in prone and seated positions. RESULTS: Left multifidus shear modulus in lying: 5.98 ± 1.80/7.96 ± 1.59 kPa (deep/superficial) and sitting: 12.58 ± 4.22/16.04 ± 6.65 kPa. Right side lying: 6.08 ± 1.97/7.80 ± 1.76 kPa and sitting: 13.25 ± 4.61/17.95 ± 7.12 kPa. No side differences (lying p = 0.99, sitting p = 0.43). However, significant inter-postural differences occurred. CONCLUSION: Lumbar multifidus exhibits increased stiffness in sitting, both layers affected, with superior stiffness in superficial versus deep fibers. Applying these findings could enhance assessing multifidus stiffness changes, for classifying tension-induced low back pain stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Among non-pharmacological interventions, Multiwave Locked System (MLS) Laser therapy has been used in patients with several musculoskeletal pathologies and in combination with other therapeutical interventions. The effects of sole MLS therapy on pain and function in patients with chronic non-specific low-back pain are unknown. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of MLS Laser therapy on pain, function, and disability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain in comparison to a placebo treatment group. METHODS: Forty-five patients were randomized into two groups: the MLS Laser group and the Sham Laser group, undergoing 8 sessions of either a MLS Laser therapy or a Sham Laser therapy, respectively. At the beginning of the therapy (T0), at the end of the therapy (T1), and 1 month after the end of therapy (T2) patients were assessed for low back pain (by means of a VAS scale), function (by means of kinematic and electromyographic assessment of a forward bending movement) and self-reported disability (by means of the Roland-Morris and Oswestry Disability questionnaires). RESULTS: There was a significant reduction of pain and disability in both groups at T1 and T2 in comparison with T0. At T2 patients in the MLS group showed a significantly lower pain in comparison with patients in the Sham group (VAS = 2.2 ± 2 vs. 3.6 ± 2.4; p < 0.05). No differences between the two groups were found for function and disability. CONCLUSION: Both MLS Laser and Sham Laser therapies lead to a significant and comparable reduction in pain and disability in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. However, one month after treatment, MLS Laser therapy has been found to be significantly more effective in reducing pain as compared to sham treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An active hand Exoskeleton (H-EXO) was assessed for a drilling task. • H-EXO reduced peak muscle activation in the forearm by up to 27% • H-EXO minimally affected perceived discomfort in controlled experiment. • H-EXO reduced perceived exertion up to 11% in uncontrolled observation. • Users indicated that H-EXO was a valuable intervention. Introduction: Several studies have assessed and validated the impact of exoskeletons on back and shoulder muscle activation; however, limited research has explored the role that exoskeletons could play in mitigating lower arm-related disorders. This study assessed the impact of Ironhand, an active hand exoskeleton (H-EXO) designed to reduce grip force exertion, on worker exertion levels using a two-phase experimental design. Method: Ten male participants performed a controlled, simulated drilling activity, while three male participants completed an uncontrolled concrete demolition activity. The impact of the exoskeleton was assessed in terms of muscle activity across three different muscles using electromyography (EMG), perceived exertion, and perceived effectiveness. Results: Results indicate that peak muscle activation decreased across the target muscle group when the H-EXO was used, with the greatest reduction (27%) observed in the Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR). Using the exoskeleton in controlled conditions did not significantly influence perceived exertion levels. Users indicated that the H-EXO was a valuable technology and expressed willingness to use it for future tasks. Practical Applications: This study showcases how glove-based exoskeletons can potentially reduce wrist-related disorders, thereby improving safety and productivity among workers. Future work should assess the impact of the H-EXO in various tasks, different work environments and configurations, and among diverse user groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: MR elastography (MRE) may provide quantitative imaging biomarkers of lumbar back muscles (LBMs), complementing MRI in spinal diseases by assessing muscle mechanical properties. However, reproducibility analyses for MRE of LBM are lacking. Purpose: To assess technical failure, within‐day and inter‐day reproducibility, robustness with the excitation source positioning, and inter‐observer agreement of MRE of muscles. Study Type: Prospective. Subjects: Seventeen healthy subjects (mean age 28 ± 4 years; 11 females). Field Strength/Sequence: 1.5 T, gradient‐echo MRE, T1‐weighted turbo spin echo. Assessment: The pneumatic driver was centered at L3 level. Four MRE were performed during two visits, 2–4 weeks apart, each consisting of two MRE with less than 10 minutes inter‐scan interval. At Visit 1, after the first MRE, the coil and driver were removed, then reinstalled. The MRE was repeated. At Visit 2, following the first MRE, only the driver was moved down 5 cm. The MRE was repeated. Two radiologists segmented the multifidus and erector spinae muscles. Statistical Tests: Paired t‐test, analysis of variance, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). P‐values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Mean stiffness of LBM ranged from 1.44 to 1.60 kPa. Mean technical failure rate was 2.5%. Inter‐observer agreement was excellent (ICC ranging from 0.82 [0.64–0.96] to 0.99 [0.98–0.99] in the multifidus, and from 0.85 [0.69–0.92] to 0.99 [0.97–0.99] in the erector spinae muscles). Within‐day reproducibility was fair in the multifidus (ICC: 0.53 [0.47–0.77]) and good in the erector spinae muscles (ICC: 0.74 [0.48–0.88]). Reproducibility after moving the driver was excellent in both multifidus (ICC: 0.85 [0.69–0.93]) and erector spinae muscles (ICC: 0.84 [0.67–0.92]). Inter‐day reproducibility was excellent in the multifidus (ICC: 0.76 [0.48–0.89]) and poor in the erector spinae muscles (ICC: 0.23 [−0.61 to 0.63]). Data Conclusion: MRE of LBM provides measurements of stiffness with fair to excellent reproducibility and excellent inter‐observer agreement. However, inter‐day reproducibility in the multifidus muscles indicated that the herein used MRE protocol may not be optimal for this muscle. Evidence Level: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Hamstring, being a two-joint muscle, tends to shorten over time, resulting in tightness, affecting performance in daily activities and is also capable of generating exaggerated posterior pelvic tilt, leading to decreased lumbar lordosis. Weak core muscles have been associated with hamstring tightness, and strengthening the core has been attempted in an effort to relax the hamstring tightness. It is believed that the hamstrings overact and over a period of time tightens, when the core is weak, to compensate for postural stability. Method Thirty-three subjects, both male and females with and without hamstring tightness, were assessed for their core endurance through McGill’s core endurance test battery. It was followed by active knee extension test to determine degree of hamstring tightness on both sides. Correlation between the two variables was statistically analyzed. Results Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the collected data. A moderate positive but significant correlation (p = 0.02) was found between flexor endurance test and active knee extension (both sides). A weak positive but significant correlation (p = 0.05) was found between extensor endurance test and active knee extension (both sides). Correlation between the right and left lateral bridge with their respective side hamstring flexibility was negative and not significant (p = 0.916 (right lateral torso endurance); p = 0.339 (left lateral torso endurance)). Conclusion Since there is a moderate positive but significant correlation between the flexion torso endurance test and both side hamstring flexibility and a weak positive but significant correlation between extension torso endurance test and both side hamstring flexibility, the core (flexor, extensor, and lateral) should be thought of as a whole unit when strengthening in order to maintain and improve hamstring flexibility.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Background: Recent studies have described techniques to acquire ultrasound measurements of the cross‐sectional area of the multifidus muscle to investigate back pain in horses and monitor the response to rehabilitation. These techniques have been extrapolated from human research but have not been clinically validated in the horse. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether measuring the cross‐sectional area of the multifidus muscle in horses using ultrasound is a repeatable technique. Study design: Cross‐sectional. Methods: Ultrasound images of the articular process view and interspinous view of the multifidus muscle were acquired at T15, T18, L2 and L5 on the left and right sides. Three images were acquired at each location and each image was measured three times to give an average cross‐sectional area. Study 1 investigated the repeatability of acquiring images in a single session, and then on two separate days. Study 2 compared measurements of images acquired with a console (Philips EpiQ) and a portable (MyLab™Alpha) ultrasound machine. Study 3 investigated the repeatability of measuring the cross‐sectional area using external software, OsiriX. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for each study. Results: Repeatability varied from good to excellent for images taken in a single session. The repeatability for measuring the images using external software was good to excellent. There was poor‐to‐moderate repeatability for images taken on two different days and poor‐to‐good repeatability when using the two different machines. Main limitations: Population size, study population limited to a single breed, only one operator. Conclusions: The measurement of the multifidus muscle in horses has poor repeatability and may have limited application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives To report the current elastography methods used to quantify back muscles’ biomechanical characteristics in patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSKd) and inform on their reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane library and grey literature were consulted. Predefined criteria allowed for study selection and data extraction. The quality of evidence was rated using the COSMIN tool. Data were meta-analyzed in terms of pooled intraclass correlation coefficient (pICC) for reliability and pooled standardized mean difference (pSMD) for validity and responsiveness. Heterogeneity was assessed. Results Seventy-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis (total number of participants N = 3178). Three elastography methods were identified: strain imaging (SI; number of cohorts M = 26), shear wave imaging (SWI; M = 50), and vibration sonoelastography (VSE; M = 3). Strain imaging and SWI studies reported good reliability measurement properties (pICC > 0.70) and a medium pSMD (0.58 for SI and 0.60 for SWI; p ≤ 0.020) in discriminating MSKd from controls’ condition (validity). Strain imaging studies reported a medium pSMD (0.64; p = 0.005) in detecting within-group changes over time, whereas SWI pSMD was very high (1.24; p = 0.005). Only SWI reported significant but small pSMD (0.30; p = 0.003) in detecting between-group changes over time. The small number of VSE studies could not be meta-analyzed. Heterogeneity was high (I-squared > 90%; p

This study aims to determine how much the contribution of arm and back muscle strength to volleyball serve in Semester 1 Physical Education students of Bengkulu University. This study used statistics with product moment correlation techniques and multiple correlations. This research is objective, and the sample consists of 30 students of Semester 1 Physical Education of Bengkulu University, who were taken with a total sampling technique. There is a significant relationship between X1 and X2 with Y, because the result of the data rcalculate = 0.82 is greater than rtable = 0.361. There is a contribution between arm muscle strength, back muscle strength on volleyball top serve by 67% because K = r2 x 100% = 67%.

Objectives: To report the current elastography methods used to quantify back muscles' biomechanical characteristics in patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSKd) and inform on their reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane library and grey literature were consulted. Predefined criteria allowed for study selection and data extraction. The quality of evidence was rated using the COSMIN tool. Data were meta-analyzed in terms of pooled intraclass correlation coefficient (pICC) for reliability and pooled standardized mean difference (pSMD) for validity and responsiveness. Heterogeneity was assessed. Results: Seventy-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis (total number of participants N = 3178). Three elastography methods were identified: strain imaging (SI; number of cohorts M = 26), shear wave imaging (SWI; M = 50), and vibration sonoelastography (VSE; M = 3). Strain imaging and SWI studies reported good reliability measurement properties (pICC > 0.70) and a medium pSMD (0.58 for SI and 0.60 for SWI; p ≤ 0.020) in discriminating MSKd from controls' condition (validity). Strain imaging studies reported a medium pSMD (0.64; p = 0.005) in detecting within-group changes over time, whereas SWI pSMD was very high (1.24; p = 0.005). Only SWI reported significant but small pSMD (0.30; p = 0.003) in detecting between-group changes over time. The small number of VSE studies could not be meta-analyzed. Heterogeneity was high (I-squared > 90%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Elastography presents good reliability results and a medium pSMD in discriminating MSKd from control conditions. Responsiveness data suggest detectable changes within groups over time using SI and SWI, calling for long-term longitudinal studies. Assessing changes between groups over time using elastography still needs to be proven. Highly significant heterogeneity limits meta-analytic results. Critical relevance statement: While still in its early-stage exploration phase, musculoskeletal ultrasound elastography may reliably quantify back muscles' biomechanics in asymptomatic individuals, moderately discriminate back musculoskeletal disorders and detect biomechanical changes over time in these conditions, calling for long-term longitudinal studies. Key Points: Ultrasound elastography is reviewed for back pain and related musculoskeletal disorder assessments. Growing literature supports good reproducibility, some validity and responsiveness. Back muscle elastography considers assumptions calling for standardized protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of a back-support exoskeleton on the trunk and hip joint angles, lower back muscle activity and heart rate during four patient handling tasks: assisting a patient from sitting to lying, laterally repositioning the patient and turning the patient in two directions. Eight participants performed these tasks with and without the exoskeleton. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in the lower back muscle activity, but less pronounced effects for other tasks involving minimal trunk flexion. Hip flexion angles were reduced for all tasks when the exoskeleton was worn. The amount of reduction in the muscle activity and changes in the trunk and hip angles varied by task. The exoskeleton did not affect the heart rate across all tasks. The exoskeleton appeared to be more effective in tasks requiring substantial trunk flexion, indicating its potential benefits for reducing lower back muscle strain during such activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of allicin on the growth performance, meat quality, and economic benefits of finishing pigs, and to determine the optimal supplemental level of allicin in finishing pigs. A total of 280 healthy finishing pigs with similar body weights were selected and randomly divided into four groups, with seven replicates per group and 10 of pigs per replicate. The control group of finishing pigs was fed a basic diet, while the experimental groups were fed a basic diet supplemented with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of allicin, respectively. The preliminary trial lasted for 1 week, followed by a formal experimental period of 60 days. The results showed that compared to the control group, the average daily weight gain of pigs fed with 400 and 800 mg/kg of allicin increased by 10.53% and 7.89%, respectively (P<0.05), and the feed-to-gain ratio decreased by 9.19% and 7.42% (P<0.05), respectively. Compared to the control group, feeding 400 and 800 mg/kg of allicin improved the carcass weight, lean meat rate, and slaughter rate of finishing pigs (P<0.05), and reduced the backfat thickness (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, feeding 400 and 800 mg/kg of allicin reduced the L* value of the meat color and the drip loss and shear force (P<0.05), and increased the pH24 h value of the back longest muscle after slaughter of finishing pigs (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the weight gain income of the allicin groups increased by 4.12%, 10.34%, and 7.67%, profits increased by 8.80%, 27.40%, and 20.83%, respectively. The study indicates that an appropriate amount of allicin can improve the growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality of finishing pigs, increase breeding profits, and the optimal addition level of allicin is 400 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The distal triceps tendon is a tough, flexible tissue that attaches the triceps muscle atthe back of the upper arm to the elbow bone. It helps triceps muscles to straighten the arm. The distal triceps tendon attaches approximately 12.14mm distal to the olecranon tip, where it has a width of approx. 40mm. The bony footprint is approx. 460mm² with an average length of approx. 21mm & a width of 23mm. The caput longum & medial coverage distally & form the superficial part of the triceps tendon, which attaches directly to the medial aspect of the olecranon & laterally partially converges with the superficial fascia of the anconeus muscle. The typical injury mechanism is described as an eccentric force on the contracting muscle, for example, due to a fallon the outstretched arm, during weight-lifting, or due to a direct trauma to the elbow. Repeated strain on a tendon can cause tiny micro-tears in the tissue. The body will try to heal these tears, but sometimes they are made faster than the body can fix them. As the number of tears increases, they can cause pain from inflammation, weaken the tendon, & cause larger tears in thetissue & also limit the functional activity of that person. Methods Forty-two subjects who has been diagnosed as distal triceps tendinitis with mean age 25-35 years were taken as subject in this study. All subjects were randomly divided in two group A& B with twenty-one subjects in each group. Group A underwent received Cyriax Deep Transverse Friction Massage & Group B underwent treatment of received Kinesiological Taping & Cyriax DeepTransverse Friction Massage. Outcome Measures The outcome was measured by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess the pain & range of motion was assessed by Goniometer for both groups. Results The study result showed more statistical significance improvement in elbow extension range of motion & reduced pain in distal triceps tendonitis among bodybuilders & weightlifters of both control group & experimental group. But there is statistical greater improvement in experimental group in which the subjects are given Deep Friction Massage & Kinesiological Taping. Conclusions It is concluded That there is statistically significant improvement in elbow extension range of motion & reduced pain in distal triceps tendinitis in bodybuilders & weightlifters of bothcontrol group & experimental group. But there is statistically greater improvement in experimentalgroup in which the subjects were received Cyriax Deep Friction Massage & Kinesiological Taping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of rehabilitation exercises lies in strengthening the lower back muscle groups, as these exercises provided different resistances to the study sample members, in line with increasing the range of motion, improving the strength of the back muscles, and allowing them to return to their normal lives, and there is no need to resort to painkillers to obtain the expected benefits of the study. By studying the problem, the researchers decided to develop rehabilitation exercises with different resistances for patients with lumbar disc herniation to improve the strength of the muscles working on the spine, and thus rehabilitate athletes to improve their ability and ability to work normally. His ability to move. The study aimed to identify the effect of rehabilitation programs with different resistances on the maximum strength and range of motion of the spinal muscles in injured athletes. The researchers used experimental methods and designed an experimental group to perform rehabilitation through the prepared program. The researcher considered that the injury test that was chosen as a subject for the study was (maximum strength and range of motion of the back muscles) due to a period of one (3) week and (3) week rehabilitation units. After presenting, analyzing and discussing the results in Chapter Four, the researchers reached a series of conclusions, including that the strength and range of motion of the back muscles had improved well. Through these findings, the researchers suggested the necessity of using rehabilitation training. For athletes suffering from a herniated disc, especially the affected area and the surrounding muscles, after the injury has healed, it has a positive effect on stimulating the affected area and accelerating the arrival of the necessary materials for tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Understanding of rare or unknown anatomical variations of the vasculature of the neck is critical to reduce the risk of complications during surgeries and other invasive procedures in the neck and shoulder regions. Methods: Bilateral dissection of the neck and muscles of the back of an 87-year-old Caucasian male donor was performed to demonstrate the origin, course and termination of the arteries that arise in the neck. Results: Several anatomical variations were noted on the right side of the neck of the donor body – (i) only inferior thyroid and ascending cervical arteries originated from the thyrocervical trunk (TCT), from the first part of the subclavian artery (SA), whereas the transverse cervical (TCA) and suprascapular (SSA) arteries were entirely absent, (ii) Dorsal scapular artery (DSA) emerged normally from the third part of the SA. However, after supplying the rhomboids and levator scapulae muscles, DSA provided two additional branches to the trapezius muscle and a branch to the supraspinatus muscle. Interestingly, the branches to the trapezius muscle from the DSA were the only sources of blood supply to the muscle. Conclusion: We report a unique anatomical variation involving the absence of the TCA and SSA from the TCT. The unilateral absence of these major vessels and the branches of DSA supplying the trapezius and supraspinatus muscles have not been reported previously in the literature in a single case report. This case study may provide useful information for head and neck reconstruction and shoulder repair surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, its clinical objective assessment is currently limited. Part of this syndrome arises from the abnormal sensorimotor control of back muscles, involving increased muscle fatigability (i.e., assessed with the Biering–Sorensen test) and abnormal muscle activation patterns (i.e., the flexion–extension test). Surface electromyography (sEMG) provides objective measures of muscle fatigue development (median frequency drop, MDF) and activation patterns (RMS amplitude change). This study therefore assessed the sensitivity and validity of a novel and flexible sEMG system (NSS) based on PEVA electrodes and potentially embeddable in textiles, as a tool for objective clinical LBP assessment. Methods: Twelve participants wearing NSS and a commercial laboratory sEMG system (CSS) performed two clinical tests used in LBP assessment (Biering–Sorensen and flexion–extension). Erector spinae muscle activity was recorded at T12-L1 and L4-L5. Results: NSS showed sensitivity to sEMG changes associated with fatigue development and muscle activations during flexion–extension movements (p < 0.05) that were similar to CSS (p > 0.05). Raw signals showed moderate cross-correlations (MDF: 0.60–0.68; RMS: 0.53–0.62). Adding conductive gel to the PEVA electrodes did not influence sEMG signal interpretation (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This novel sEMG system is promising for assessing electrophysiological indicators of LBP during clinical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumbar spine injuries resulting from heavy or repetitive lifting remain a prevalent concern in workplaces. Back-support devices have been developed to mitigate these injuries by aiding workers during lifting tasks. However, existing devices often fall short in providing multidimensional force assistance for asymmetric lifting, an essential feature for practical workplace use. In addition, validation of device safety across the entire human spine has been lacking. This paper introduces the Bilateral Back Extensor Exosuit (BBEX), a robotic back-support device designed to address both functionality and safety concerns. The design of the BBEX draws inspiration from the anatomical characteristics of the human spine and back extensor muscles. Using a multi–degree-of-freedom architecture and serially connected linear actuators, the device's components are strategically arranged to closely mimic the biomechanics of the human spine and back extensor muscles. To establish the efficacy and safety of the BBEX, a series of experiments with human participants was conducted. Eleven healthy male participants engaged in symmetric and asymmetric lifting tasks while wearing the BBEX. The results confirm the ability of the BBEX to provide effective multidimensional force assistance. Moreover, comprehensive safety validation was achieved through analyses of muscle fatigue in the upper and the lower erector spinae muscles, as well as mechanical loading on spinal joints during both lifting scenarios. By seamlessly integrating functionality inspired by human biomechanics with a focus on safety, this study offers a promising solution to address the persistent challenge of preventing lumbar spine injuries in demanding work environments. Editor's summary: Repetitive tasks involving lifting of objects such as in industrial settings can cause injuries to the spine and back muscles. Although wearable exoskeleton suits can be used in these settings to alleviate risks to injury, they may not provide multidimensional movement during asymmetric lifting. Kim et al. have developed an active Bilateral Back Extensor Exosuit capable of multidimensional force assistance during lifting tasks. The wearable device offers multiple degrees of freedom in range of motion and was shown to provide back muscle force assistance and to decrease compression on the spines of human participants during asymmetric and symmetric lifting tasks. —Amos Matsiko [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAge-related postural hyper-kyphosis is an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine, that impairs balance and increases the risk of falls and fractures in elderly subjects. Our objectives are to review the effect of elderly-specific spinal orthoses on muscle function and kyphosis angle in this subjects.We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of Knowledge, ProQuest and Cochrane library to identify relevant studies that assessed efficacy of spinal orthoses on muscle function and kyphosis angle of elderly subjects with elderly with hyper-kyphosis. Quality assessment was implemented using the Downs and Black scale.Results for 709 individuals were described in 18 articles which 12 studies involved RCT. There was significant difference for kyphosis angle after use of orthosis of 148 participants (SMD: −3.79, 95% CI −7.02 to −0.56, p < 0.01). Except one study, all of studies showed significantly increased on the back muscle strength when the participants wore the spinal orthosis and this effect was significantly better in long-term follow up (MD: 84.73; 95% CIs, 23.24 to 146.23; p < 0.01). In the outcome of pain, the efficacy brought by orthosis was large and significant (SMD: −1.66; 95% CIs, −2.39 to 0.94; p < 0.01).Spinal orthosis may be an effective treatment for elderly hyper-kyphosis. However, the small number, and heterogeneity of the included studies, indicate that higher-quality studies should be conducted to verify the effectiveness and orthosis in hyper-kyphosis.Age-related postural hyper kyphosis is an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine, that impairs balance and increases the risk of falls and fractures in elderly subjects.Based on the findings of this review, elderly specific spinal orthoses may be recommended as effective device for elderly hyper kyphotic subjects.Spinal orthoses prescription is important for health practitioners to consider when planning treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most common musculoskeletal conditions that impair quality of life and cause functional impairment is chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP). Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the gastrocnemius electro-myographic activity when compared to healthy controls in patients with CMLBP. Patients and Methods: Fifty-two male and female participants were invited to participate in this study, divided as the following: group (A) (Study group) involved 26 participants with chronic mechanical low back pain, and group (B) (Control group) involved 26 age-matched healthy volunteers. Results: There were no significant differences between study group (A) and control group (B) in the electro-myographic activity of gastrocnemius muscle (amplitude and frequency). In addition, there were no significant correlations between gastrocnemius muscle activity and pain intensity measured via visual analogue scale (VAS), static balance measured via single leg stance test and dynamic balance measured via Y balance test. Conclusion: Electro-myographic activity of gastrocnemius muscle seems to be not affected in chronic mechanical low back pain patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of lumbar paraspinal muscle health in back pain (BP) is not straightforward. Challenges in this field have included the lack of tools and large, heterogenous datasets to interrogate the association between muscle health and BP. Computer-vision models have been transformative in this space, enabling the automated quantification of muscle health and the processing of large datasets. To investigate the associations between lumbar paraspinal muscle health and age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and BP in a large, heterogenous dataset using an automated computer-vision model. Cross-sectional study. Participants from the UK Biobank with abdominal Dixon fat-water MRI (N=9,564) were included (41.8% women, mean [SD] age: 63.5 [7.6] years, BMI: 26.4 [4.1] kg/m2) of whom 6,953 reported no pain, 930 acute BP, and 1,681 chronic BP. Intramuscular fat (IMF) and average cross-sectional area (aCSA) were automatically derived using a computer-vision model for the left and right lumbar multifidus (LM), erector spinae (ES), and psoas major (PM) from the L1 to L5 vertebral levels. Two-tailed partial Pearson correlations were generated for each muscle to assess the relationships between the muscle measures (IMF and aCSA) and age (controlling for BMI, sex, and physical activity), BMI (controlling for age, sex, and physical activity), and physical activity (controlling for age, sex, and BMI). One-way ANCOVA was used to identify sex differences in IMF and aCSA for each muscle while controlling for age, BMI, and physical activity. Similarly, one-way ANCOVA was used to identify between-group differences (no pain, acute BP, and chronic BP) for each muscle and along the superior-inferior expanse of the lumbar spine while controlling for age, BMI, sex, and physical activity (α=0.05). Females had higher IMF (LM mean difference [MD]=11.1%, ES MD=10.2%, PM MD=0.3%, p<.001) and lower aCSA (LM MD=47.6 mm2, ES MD=350.0 mm2, PM MD=321.5 mm2, p<.001) for all muscles. Higher age was associated with higher IMF and lower aCSA for all muscles (r≥0.232, p<.001) except for LM and aCSA (r≤0.013, p≥.267). Higher BMI was associated with higher IMF and aCSA for all muscles (r≥0.174, p<.001). Higher physical activity was associated with lower IMF and higher aCSA for all muscles (r≥0.036, p≤.002) except for LM and aCSA (r≤0.010, p≥.405). People with chronic BP had higher IMF and lower aCSA than people with no pain (IMF MD≤1.6%, aCSA MD≤27.4 mm2, p<.001) and higher IMF compared to acute BP (IMF MD≤1.1%, p≤.044). The differences between people with BP and people with no pain were not spatially localized to the inferior lumbar levels but broadly distributed across the lumbar spine. Paraspinal muscle health is associated with age, BMI, sex, and physical activity with the exception of the association between LM aCSA and age and physical activity. People with BP (chronic>acute) have higher IMF and lower aCSA than people reporting no pain. The differences were not localized but broadly distributed across the lumbar spine. When interpreting measures of paraspinal muscle health in the research or clinical setting, the associations with age, BMI, sex, and physical activity should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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These days movies are one of the most important part of entertainment industry and back in the days you could see everyday people standing outside theatres, or watching movies in OTT platforms. But due to busy schedules not many people are watching every movie. They go over the internet and search for top rated movies and go to theatres. And creating a successful movie is no easy job. Thus, this study helps movie producers to consider what are the important factors that influence a movie to be successful. this study applied neural network model to the IMDb dataset and then due to its complex nature in order to achieve the local explainability and global explainability for the enhanced analysis, study have used SHAP (Shapley additive explanations) to analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As cells migrate through biological tissues, they must frequently squeeze through micron-sized constrictions in the form of interstitial pores between extracellular matrix fibers and/or other cells. Although it is now well recognized that such confined migration is limited by the nucleus, which is the largest and stiffest organelle, it remains incompletely understood how cells apply sufficient force to move their nucleus through small constrictions. Here, we report a mechanism by which contraction of the cell rear cortex pushes the nucleus forward to mediate nuclear transit through constrictions. Laser ablation of the rear cortex reveals that pushing forces behind the nucleus are the result of increased intracellular pressure in the rear compartment of the cell. The pushing forces behind the nucleus depend on accumulation of actomyosin in the rear cortex and require Rho kinase (ROCK) activity. Collectively, our results suggest a mechanism by which cells generate elevated intracellular pressure in the posterior compartment to facilitate nuclear transit through threedimensional (3D) constrictions. This mechanism might supplement or even substitute for other mechanisms supporting nuclear transit, ensuring robust cell migrations in confined 3D environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prolonged sitting is a potential risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders in office workers. This study aims to evaluate the effect of active breaks on reducing muscle overload in subjects who sit for long periods using infrared thermography (IRT). Methods: A sample of 57 office workers participated in this study and were divided into two groups: active breaks (ABs) and no active breaks (NABs). The NAB group sat continuously for 90 min without standing up, while the AB group performed stretching and mobility exercises every 30 min. IRT measurements were taken every 30 min before the active breaks. Results: The results highlight that the skin temperature of the back increased significantly in both groups after 30 min of sitting; however, in the subsequent measurements, the AB group showed a decrease in temperature, while the NAB group maintained a high temperature. Exercise and time point of measurement all reported p-values < 0.001; there were no statistically significant differences between the Δt0-1 of the NAB and AB groups, while the Δt1-2 and Δt1-3 of the NAB and AB groups showed statistically significant differences for all back regions. Conclusions: The clinical relevance of this study confirms the negative effects of prolonged sitting on the health of the back, demonstrating that active breaks can reduce back strain, emphasizing the need for workplace interventions. In addition, IRT represents a non-invasive method to assess back muscle overload and monitor the effectiveness of interventions in all categories of workers who maintain a prolonged sitting position. The main limitation of this study is the absence of a questionnaire for the assessment of back pain, which does not allow a direct correlation between temperature changes and back pain outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the ascent phase of a maximal barbell back squat after an initial acceleration, a deceleration region occurs as the result of different biomechanical factors. This is known as the sticking region. However, whether this region is similar in the last repetition of different repetition maximums and if sex has an impact on biomechanics of this region are not known. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of sex (men/women) and repetition maximum (1-, 3-, 6-, and 10RM) on kinematics and surface electromyography around the sticking region. Twenty-six resistance-trained individuals comprising 13 men (body mass: 82.2 ± 8.7; age: 23.6 ± 1.9; height: 181.1 ± 6.5) and 13 women (body mass: 63.6 ± 6.6; age: 23.9 ± 4.5; height: 166.0 ± 4.5) participated in the study. The main findings were that women, in comparison to men, displayed larger trunk lean and lower hip extension angles in the sticking region, possibly due to different hip/knee extensor strength ratios. Moreover, an inverse relationship was discovered between repetition range and timing from V0 to Vmax2, in which lower repetition ranges (1- and 3RM) were shorter in Vmax2 compared to higher ranges (6- and 10RM). It was concluded that this occurrence is due to more moments of inertia in lower repetition ranges. Our findings suggest that both sex and repetition range might induce different requirements during the squat ascent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Using wearable passive back-support exoskeletons in workplace has attracted attention as devices that support the posture of workers, enhance their physical capabilities, and reduce physical risk factors. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a wearable passive back-support exoskeleton on the activity of the erector spinae muscles during lifting tasks at various heights. Methods: Twenty healthy adult males were selected as subjects. Electromyography (EMG) was used to assess the activity of the erector spinae muscles while performing lifting tasks at three distinct heights (30, 40, and 50 cm), with and without the application of the Wearable Passive Back Support Exoskeleton. EMG data were gathered before and after the application of the orthosis. Results: The use of the Wearable Passive Back Support Exoskeleton resulted in a significant decrease in muscle activity when lifting a 10 kg object from heights of 30 and 40 cm (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in muscle activity when lifting from a height of 50 cm compared with that at lower heights (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of a wearable passive back-support exoskeleton led to a decrease in the activity of the erector spinae muscles during lifting tasks, irrespective of the object's height. Our results suggest that the orthosis we tested may help decrease risk of lower back injuries during lifting.

The traditional probabilistic back analysis method of rock strength parameters is not always reasonable and reliable, where only a fixed slip surface is assumed or the condition of the safety factor Fs = 1 is used. Aiming at the heavily jointed rock slope, a probabilistic back analysis method of rock strength parameters using the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis DREAM(KZS) algorithm was established, with the Fs, the critical slip surface data and the prior distribution of rock strength parameters including the geological strength index (GSI) and the uniaxial compressive strength (σci) based on the Hoek–Brown failure criterion and Bayesian inference. The rationality and reliability of the proposed method were verified by combining a homogeneous jointed rock slope and an artificial slope in Manisa, Turkey. Then, the influences of different slip surface errors on the back-analysis results, prior mean and coefficient of variation (COV) of rock strength parameters on the posterior ones were studied. Results showed that the rock strength parameters can be effectively identified by the DREAM(KZS) algorithm, and the influence of the slip surface errors on the back-analysis results cannot be ignored. The posterior distribution was less affected by the prior distribution of rock strength parameters, and the posterior mean gradually deviated from the prior mean with the increase of the COV. This method can improve the back-analysis identification accuracy of rock strength parameters by considering the uncertainty of the slip surface, providing a basis for later remedial engineering reinforcement design of the slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Atelocollagen is used for soft tissue repair and reconstruction by replacing defective or damaged muscles, membranes, ligaments, and tendons. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of additional paraspinal intramuscular injection of atelocollagen on lumbar epidural steroid injection for reducing pain and improving functional capacity of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 608 consecutive patients with CLBP who received lumbar epidural steroid injection with or without additional paraspinal intramuscular injection of atelocollagen. The Numerical Rating Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index were used to assess pain and functional capacity, respectively, before the procedure, and three months after the injection. Also, we analyzed the relationship between the additional paraspinal intramuscular injection of atelocollagen and the success rate. Results: Both Numerical Rating Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index scores were significantly reduced in both groups at three months after injection. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, the success rate was significantly higher in the additional paraspinal intramuscular injection of atelocollagen group. Conclusions: This study's results showed that additional paraspinal intramuscular injection of atelocollagen on lumbar epidural steroid injection reduced pain and improved functional capacity for patients with CLBP. Therefore, the paraspinal intramuscular injection of atelocollagen may be a promising option for the treatment of patients with CLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]