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16. Pathophysiological rat model of vascular dementia: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, microimaging and behavioral study

Author

Galisova, Andrea, primary, Baciak, Ladislav, additional, Jozefovicova, Maria, additional, Just Kukurova, Ivica, additional, Kebis, Anton, additional, Ambrusova, Katarina, additional, Dubovicky, Michal, additional, Estera, Csaszarova, additional, Sadlonova, Irina, additional, Kronnerwetter, Claudia, additional, Berg, Andreas, additional, Krššák, Martin, additional, and Kasparova, Svatava, additional

Published
2014
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18. Neonatal brain injury as a consequence of insufficient cerebral oxygenation.

Author

Placha K, Luptakova D, Baciak L, Ujhazy E, and Juranek I

Subjects
Asphyxia Neonatorum diagnosis, Asphyxia Neonatorum epidemiology, Brain physiopathology, Female, Humans, Hypoxia, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain diagnosis, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain epidemiology, Infant, Newborn, Intellectual Disability etiology, Pregnancy, Psychomotor Disorders etiology, Asphyxia Neonatorum complications, Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain etiology
Abstract

Neonatal brain hypoxic-ischemic injury represents a serious health care and socio-economical problem since it is one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity of newborns. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is often associated with signs of perinatal asphyxia, with an incidence of about 2-4 per 1,000 live births and mortality rate up to 20%. In about one half of survivors, cerebral hypoxic-ischemic insult may result in more or less pronounced neuro-psychological sequelae of immediate or delayed nature, such as seizures, cerebral palsy or behavioural and learning disabilities, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hypoxic-ischemic injury develops as a consequence of transient or permanent restriction of blood supply to the brain. Severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy varies depending on the intensity and duration of hypoxia-ischemia, on the type and size of the brain region affected, and on the maturity of the foetal/neonatal brain. Though a primary cause of hypoxic-ischemic injury is lack of oxygen in the neonatal brain, underlying mechanisms of subsequent events that are critical for developing hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are less understood. Their understanding is however necessary for elaborating effective management for newborns that underwent cerebral hypoxic-ischemic insult and thus are at risk of a negative outcome. The present paper summarizes current knowledge on cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury of the neonate, fundamental processes involved in etiopathogenesis, with a special focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms and particular attention on certain controversial aspects of oxidative stress involvement.

Published
2016

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