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Objective: To measure the impact of the community health programme "Education for health in adolescence" carried out in the Parquesol neighborhood, Valladolid (Spain), during the years 2015-2019., Method: Community-based quasi-experimental pre- and post-test analytical intervention trial with control group. A total of 407 adolescent surveys were collected. The CHIP-AE test validated for Spain was used. Pre- and post-test results were analyzed and compared with the control group., Results: Improvements were found in the female intervention group compared to the control group in the variables resilience (3.68 vs. 3.41; p <0.01), health and safety at home (4.30 vs. 4.00; p <0.01), physical activities (3.16 vs. 2.60; p <0.01) and self-esteem (3.17 vs. 2.79; p <0.05)., Conclusions: The community intervention carried out improves the health profile of adolescents. The baseline perception of health presents differences by gender, with higher scores in males. Post-intervention improvement is substantial in females in resilience, physical activities and health and safety at home. In addition, the worsening due to the passage of time described in previous studies is corrected in the variables self-esteem, satisfaction and well-being., (Copyright © 2023 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) emphasize, in its report on health policies from 2017 that, Spain is one of the countries with largest consumption of antibiotics, 21.6 DHD (defined daily dose per 1000 inhibitants per day) in 2014 greater than the average 20.5 DHD in their countries, ranking according to the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in the 11th place out of 30 European countries in 2016. The outpatient prescription of specialized care is analyzed less frequently, due to the greater contribution in consumption and expenditure of primary care., Methods: A descriptive, observational, and retrospective study of the consumption and expenditure of the J01 group derived from outpatient prescription (outpatient and urgent care) of public hospitals in Asturias, in a period of ten years (2006-2015). Consumption data were obtained using the database of prescription billing of the Health Service of the Principality of Asturias, demographic data were provided by the National Institute of Statistics. Consumption was expressed in DHD and antibiotics expenditure in: expenditure per capita and expenditure in euros per defined daily dose., Results: The average global ambulatory consumption for the period was 23.4 DHD, corresponding 11.5% (2.7 DHD) to the ambulatory specialty care prescription. In terms of expenditure, it accounted for 13.6% of overall outpatient spending on antibiotics., Conclusions: Outlay and consumption had opposite tendencies, the expenditure control measures did not have or had little impact on consumption, therefore, independent and spe-cific rationalization measures are required in this area.

Leclercia adecarboxylata is being increasingly diagnosed as a causative agent of infection due to the availability of rapid molecular diagnostic techniques Few cases of bacteraemia in subjects with underlying medical conditions have been reported. We report a case of L. adecarboxylata bacteraemia in an immunocompromised patient with metabolic syndrome.

Objectives: To conduct a pilot study of telephone consultation in the paediatric population of an urban health centre. To evaluate the telephone consultation as an effective tool when it comes to exercising prior triage of patients requiring urgent attention., Material and Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. In the first, data were collected from all calls received for six months. In a second phase, we conducted a telephone intervention study to analyse what a random sample of users remembered of the care provided. All those who requested a telephone consultation were included in the study. Demographic, social-welfare, epidemiological, and clinical features, of each patient were recorded. Data were processed using a statistical package SPSS version 17.0 for Windows., Results: There were 439 telephone inquiries in our pilot project, of which 35.1% were attended by residents, 36% by paediatricians, and 28.9% by paediatric nurses. There were more telephone calls in the afternoons and on weekends. Patients less than or equal to 2 years accounted for 57.9% of cases handled, and there were no differences between sexes. The most frequent reasons for consultation were gastrointestinal symptoms, fever and respiratory problems. The health problem was resolved in 85.8% of cases, requiring only home care instructions, and only 13.3% of children were referred to emergency services. We obtained a mean score of satisfaction of 9.2., Conclusions: The pilot project had a high level of satisfaction and resolution, demonstrating cost savings by reducing 55% of face to face visits, with a saving of 35.2 euros per telephone consultation. A teleconsultation model for dealing with emergencies in primary care by telephone would be comparable to a practice staffed by trained paediatric nurses., (Copyright © 2012 SECA. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Rotavirus is one of the main causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Furthermore, rotavirus is the leading cause of hospitalization and death from acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. Although death due to rotavirus is rare in industrialized regions such as Spain, the rotavirus disease burden and its economic impact is severe. This study aims to assess systematic vaccination against rotavirus economically and socially in a Spanish region. Economic cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit assessment through a choice tree was designed. We estimated health provider costs, economic costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost due to rotavirus infections. The study includes a fictitious cohort of 100,000 children from Castilla y Leon who were also administered the rotavirus vaccine together with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP) . The study adopted a society and health care system perspective. A sensitivity analysis was developed to assess the uncertainty of some variables. According to the estimated incidence rate for children in Castilla y Leon, rotavirus immunization is projected to prevent 45% of cases with RotaTeq and 57% with Rotarix. The respective cost per QALY is about Euro 75,000 and 50,000 from the perspective of the health care system. Routine infant vaccination in Castilla y Leon using either rotavirus vaccine is not profitable from the payer's perspective and is not cost-effective under basic case assumptions unless the vaccine is available at a lower cost.

Rotavirus is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. With the commercialisation of effective rotavirus vaccines in Europe in sight, it is necessary to provide studies which evaluate the disease burden. The aim of this study is two-fold, on one hand, to determine the burden of the rotavirus disease in Spanish children under the age of five, and on the other, to estimate the economic cost of these hospitalizations. The study was undertaken during a 5 year period (2000-2004). The rotavirus hospitalization rate was determined using the Minimum Basic Data Set of the national hospital discharge register. The observed data were compared with those expected by applying a model developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) adapted for European Countries. The financial expense of these hospitalizations was estimated. Of all admissions coded as gastroenteritis, 31.6% were due to rotavirus. The hospitalization rate by rotavirus was 480 cases per 100,000 children under five. These data are within the confidence range proposed by the adapted CDC model. The financial expense due to hospitalizations reaches 123,262 euros yearly in a Spanish University Hospital. In conclusion, rotavirus contributes significantly to the hospitalization of acute gastroenteritis. The rate of hospitalization by rotavirus is higher compared to other studies carried out in Spain. In view of future commercialisation of rotavirus vaccines, more in-depth analysis considering direct and indirect costs are necessary.

Objectives: To compare systemic antibiotic prescribing in the pediatric population of Castile and Leon in relation to urban or rural setting., Material and Methods: Data on non-hospital antibiotic consumption in the pediatric population were gathered from the database that processes the antibiotics billed in the Health Service of Castile and Leon. These data were analyzed according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) and the results were expressed as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID)., Results: Overall antibiotic consumption in the pediatric population was markedly higher in the rural setting (24.37 DID in rural areas vs. 19.54 DID in urban areas). Interannual variability was similar in both settings, with prescriptions reaching a peak in 2003. In the qualitative analysis, prescription of amoxicillin and, to a lesser extent, of cefixime and azithromycin was higher in rural areas. Differences in prescription in the urban and rural areas of the distinct health areas varied, the greatest differences being found in Segovia., Conclusions: Wide quantitative and qualitative variability in antibiotic use was found between the various urban and rural zones of basic health areas. Although we suspected that the results for the urban setting would be underestimated due to the excessive use of emergency services, more detailed studies are required to better understand the determinants of antibiotic use in children.

Objectives: To analyze trends in antibiotic use among the pediatric population of Castile and León from 2001 to 2005., Material and Methods: The antibiotics prescribed to the pediatric population in primary care were processed using the CONCYLIA database. The technical unit of measurement was the defined daily dose (DDD) and the comparative indicator used was the DDD per 1000 inhabitants/day (DID)., Results: Overall consumption was high (21.21 DID). Throughout the 5 years of the study we observed substantial variations, especially in 2005, the year in which consumption was highest (25.05 DID). The therapeutic subgroups most frequently prescribed were wide-spectrum penicillins (8.08 DID) and penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors (7.29 DID), followed by cephalosporins (2.81 DHD) and macrolides (2.52 DHD). The percentage of wide-spectrum penicillin prescription was higher than that of penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors between 2001 and 2002. These percentages were similar in 2003, and the percentage of wide-spectrum penicillin prescription was lower than that of penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors in the last 2 years of the study., Conclusions: Marked differences in consumption were observed over the study period. Changes in patterns of use were found, with an increase in the use of penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors in the last 2 years of the study.

Fibronectin (FN) is a protein which acts as an opsonin and participates in anti-infective mechanisms. We measured FN in cord blood from 39 normal newborns by Laurell's electroimmunoassay. The mean value of FN was 13.5 +/- 6.8 mg/dl, lesser then mean value of 26 normal children 1 mo. to 7 y. old, 27.3 +/- 8.7 mg/dl (p less than 0.001). FN continued being low, 14.1 +/- 8.1 mg/dl al 48 h. of age. Nevertheless it was normal at 15 days of age (24.6 +/- 9.7 mg/dl). FN levels were lower at 15 days of age in 19 newborns who received vitamin K (12.2 +/- 6.1 mg/dl) than in the group which was not treated (18.1 +/- 9.9 mg/dl) but the difference was not significant (p greater than 0.05). There was a close correlation between cord blood levels and levels at 48 h. (p = 0.001) and levels at 15 d. (p = 0.003). There was no relationship either with the gestational age and birth weight, no prothrombin and protein C levels. The FN decrease in the newborn can be one of the causes of the opsonization deficiency, nevertheless normalization occurred very soon, before the second week.