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Purpose of review: To provide an overview of the systems being used to identify and predict clinical deterioration in hospitalised patients, with focus on the current and future role of artificial intelligence (AI). Recent findings: There are five leading AI driven systems in this field: the Advanced Alert Monitor (AAM), the electronic Cardiac Arrest Risk Triage (eCART) score, Hospital wide Alert Via Electronic Noticeboard, the Mayo Clinic Early Warning Score, and the Rothman Index (RI). Each uses Electronic Patient Record (EPR) data and machine learning to predict adverse events. Less mature but relevant evolutions are occurring in the fields of Natural Language Processing, Time and Motion Studies, AI Sepsis and COVID-19 algorithms. Summary: Research-based AI-driven systems to predict clinical deterioration are increasingly being developed, but few are being implemented into clinical workflows. Escobar et al. (AAM) provide the current gold standard for robust model development and implementation methodology. Multiple technologies show promise, however, the pathway to meaningfully affect patient outcomes remains challenging.

Single crystal X-ray diffraction and PIXEL calculation of intermolecular pair energies, with partitioning into coulombic and dispersive factors, have been performed on the title crystals with the aim of testing the relative efficiency of molecular recognition synthons. X-Ray diffraction reveals that the crystals contain extended hydrogen-bonded layers, with various degrees of aromatic ring overlap between the layers. The calculation of molecular pair energies quantitatively reveals that the primary binding force in these crystals is hydrogen bonding, and that the arene–perfluoroarene stacking mode becomes less important, or almost optional. The various degrees of offset between overlapping aromatic rings found in the present crystals, also in comparison with some non-hydrogen bonding analogs, suggest a transition from perfect, highly stabilizing ArH–ArF overlap, to the less favourable, but still energetically stabilizing, ArF–ArF and ArH–ArH overlaps. The selectivity towards ArH–ArF stacking is not overwhelming.

More than a decade has passed since it was unintentionally discovered that grapefruit juice interacts with certain drugs. The coadministration of these drugs with grapefruit juice can markedly elevate drug bioavailability, and can alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of the drug. The predominant mechanism for this interaction is the inhibition of cytochrome P-450 3A4 in the small intestine, resulting in a significant reduction of drug presystemic metabolism. An additional mechanism is the inhibition of P-glycoprotein, a transporter that carries drug from the enterocyte back to the gut lumen, resulting in a further increase in the fraction of drug absorbed. Some calcium channel antagonists, benzodiazepines, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and cyclosporine are the most affected drugs. A single exposure to one glass of the grapefruit juice can usually produce the maximal magnitude of the interaction. The data available so far, concerning this interaction and its clinical implications, are reviewed in this article. It is likely that more information regarding this interaction will accumulate in the future, and awareness of such is necessary for achieving optimal drug therapy.

In this work we study the unitary time-evolutions of quantum systems defined on infinite-dimensional separable time-dependent Hilbert spaces. Two possible cases are considered: a quantum system defined on a stochas- tic interval and another one defined on a Hilbert space with stochastic integration measure (stochastic time-dependent scalar product). The formulations of the two problems and a comparison with the general theory of open quantum systems are discussed. Possible physical applications of the situations considered are analyzed.

The present volume collects a series of studies presented to Salvatore De Meis as an homage in his honour by an international Group of distinguished scholars. Presentation of the Volume and of the scientific activity of Salvo De Meis.

The author analyzes the problem and the relevance of the Mandean calendar for the comprehension of the reformed Zoroastrian one.