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The May 2024 Financial Gerontology column in the Journal of Financial Service Professionals (Vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 35-38) introduced foundational concepts aimed at fostering a balanced perspective on aging. This column offers guidance on the subsequent step--how to practically apply this perspective when engaging with older clients. Given the aging boomer generation's redefinition of aging and heightened awareness of ageism, enhancing one's approach is crucial. Key elements such as language, visual imagery, and mindset play vital roles in conveying a positive perspective on aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As athletes enter a new chapter in their lives retiring from their sport, the challenge of upholding and enhancing personal brands arises. There has been extensive research on athlete brand building via social media; however, there have been few studies analyzing how athletes build their own brands and brand extensions postcareer, particularly former National Football League (NFL) players. Sixteen retired NFL athletes were examined using Goffman's theory of self-presentation to determine strategies used for building personal brand extensions and obtaining follower engagement via Instagram. Through a content analysis, a total of 2,933 Instagram posts were analyzed, and the findings from this study revealed that former NFL players with fewer followers received higher engagement rates, and retired NFL players made more backstage type of posts on personal pages compared with front-stage posts. Implications, recommendations, and future research suggestions also are discussed within the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the interaction effects of generations, gender, and residential nature on attitudes toward interfaith marriage in a sample of 1190 Indian participants from iGen, Xennials and Millennials, and Baby Boomers generations. Data were collected using a socio-demographic response sheet and the Attitude Scale, with lower ratings indicating positive attitudes and higher ratings indicating negative attitudes. The results of this study demonstrated that generational differences are significantly associated with gender and residential nature. There was a significant interaction between generation and gender and generation and residential nature on attitudes toward interfaith marriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important that students across university disciplines and class years explore their attitudes about ageism, aging, and older adults. Yet few if any ageism interventions in academic settings are directed at business students, instead targeting disciplines such as health sciences. In this paper we offer requisite detail of ageism workshops we developed for use in an undergraduate entrepreneurship course, including discussion of our results. Business curricula at the university level can serve to reinforce age gaps through the study of functional areas such as marketing (target market segmentation) and finance (retirement planning). In entrepreneurship, stories of youthful startups persist despite recent findings that strongly reject the notion that youth is a key trait of successful entrepreneurs. In the context of workplace ageism, ageism interventions, and age in entrepreneurship, we modified the Disrupt Aging curriculum offered by A.A.R.P., which facilitates an examination of one's personal attitude about age and aging. Our twist was to focus the curriculum on entrepreneurship and have our students work in groups with an entrepreneur from the Baby Boom generation. This innovation to our curriculum provides promising evidence of effectiveness as measured in pre- and post-workshop attitudes about ageism and entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Karl Mannheim's perspective on the concept of generations, focusing on how generations are defined by shared historical experiences rather than just age gaps. Mannheim's work is foundational for sociologists and demographers, emphasizing the qualitative analysis of cohorts. The text also explores the distinction between generations and concrete social groups, highlighting the unique social location and identity that generations provide. Mannheim's insights on generations as a social phenomenon are essential for understanding how individuals are situated within a broader social structure. [Extracted from the article]

This article investigates the demographic consequences of major wars and the determinants of post-war demographic recovery, analyzing severe conflicts from 1914 to 2010 in countries across various development levels and war types. Through an empirical evaluation of demographic recovery following major wars, this paper explores how several important factors, including political capacity, foreign aid, and human capital, influence recovery patterns in societies that have experienced these conflicts. The analysis suggests that populations tend to recover to pre-war levels within a generation, often exceeding them due to significant post-war baby booms. Political capacity appears to be associated with faster recovery, while the impact of foreign aid and human capital varies across different economic contexts. The research employs a large N time-series cross-section analysis, offering a comprehensive exploration of the dynamics involved in post-war demographic recovery. The results highlight the complex relationship between political, economic, and social factors, providing a valuable foundation for future research. By integrating insights from political demography, international relations, and population studies, these findings can guide the development of new theories and models to better understand the mechanisms of post-conflict recovery. Ultimately, this research aims to inform more effective strategies and policies for post-conflict reconstruction and development, promoting sustainable peace and stability in war-affected regions. Este artículo investiga las consecuencias demográficas que tienen las grandes guerras, así como los determinantes para la recuperación demográfica durante la posguerra. Para ello, analizamos los conflictos graves ocurridos entre 1914 y 2010 en países con diversos niveles de desarrollo y con diferentes tipos de guerra. Este artículo realiza una evaluación empírica de la recuperación demográfica después de grandes guerras con el fin de estudiar cómo existen varios factores importantes, tales como la capacidad política, la ayuda exterior y el capital humano, los cuales influyen sobre los patrones de recuperación de las sociedades que han vivido estos conflictos. El análisis sugiere que las poblaciones tienden a recuperarse a los niveles anteriores a la guerra en una generación, y que, a menudo, llegan a superar estos niveles debido a los importantes baby booms que suelen tener lugar en las posguerras. La capacidad política parece estar asociada con una recuperación más rápida, mientras que el impacto de la ayuda exterior y del capital humano varía según los diferentes contextos económicos. La investigación emplea un análisis transversal de series temporales de N grandes, el cual ofrece un análisis exhaustivo de aquellas dinámicas implicadas en la recuperación demográfica de la posguerra. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la compleja relación existente entre los factores políticos, económicos y sociales, y proporcionan una base que será de gran relevancia para futuras investigaciones. Estas conclusiones integran los conocimientos de la demografía política, de las relaciones internacionales y de los estudios de población, y, por ello, pueden guiar el desarrollo de nuevas teorías y modelos que serán de utilidad para comprender mejor los mecanismos de recuperación después de los conflictos. En última instancia, esta investigación tiene como objetivo aportar estrategias y políticas más efectivas para la reconstrucción y el desarrollo después de los conflictos, promoviendo la paz y la estabilidad sostenibles en las regiones afectadas por la guerra. Cet article s'intéresse aux conséquences démographiques des guerres importantes et aux déterminants de la récupération démographique d'après-guerre, en analysant les graves conflits intervenus entre 1914 et 2010, dans des pays aux niveaux de développement différents, frappés par divers types de guerres. Par le biais d'une évaluation empirique de la récupération démographique à la suite de guerres majeures, cet article analyse l'incidence de plusieurs facteurs importants, notamment la capacité politique, l'aide internationale et le capital humain, sur les schémas de récupération dans les sociétés ayant connu ces conflits. D'après l'analyse, les populations auraient tendance à revenir aux niveaux d'avant la guerre en l'espace d'une génération, et les dépassent même souvent grâce à de considérables booms démographiques d'aprèsguerre. La capacité politique serait associée à une récupération plus rapide, tandis que l'incidence de l'aide étrangère et du capital humain dépendrait du contexte économique. Le travail de recherche s'appuie sur une analyse de régression de séries chronologiques transversale grand N, et ainsi propose une exploration exhaustive des dynamiques à l'oeuvre dans la récupération démographique d'après-guerre. Les résultats soulignent la relation complexe entre les facteurs politiques, économiques et sociaux, ce qui offre une base précieuse pour des recherches futures. En intégrant des informations issues de la démographie politique, des relations internationales et des études de populations, ces conclusions peuvent orienter le développement de nouvelles théories et de nouveaux modèles pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes de récupération d'après-guerre. En définitive, ce travail de recherche vise à renseigner des stratégies et politiques plus efficaces pour la reconstruction et le développement d'après-guerre, en promouvant une paix et une stabilité durables dans les régions subissant des guerres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subbottom profiler (SBP) systems are commonly employed for geohazard analysis in offshore engineering studies. The joint analysis of multichannel seismic and SBP data also provides additional information for analyzing submarine fluid-flow structures in shallow sediments. Detailed geohazard analyses aim to reveal small-scale changes in the seafloor and the underlying structures. Therefore, the horizontal and vertical resolution of SBP data is a crucial parameter and obtaining the necessary resolution requires appropriate data processing. This study analyzes the steps and parameters applied in processing pinger, Chirp, boomer, and parametric SBP data to determine an optimal data processing flow and parameters. Compared to multichannel seismics, the most significant challenge in processing SBP data is to suppress noise and increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Band-pass filtering is effective in eliminating swell noise, especially for boomer data. Spiking deconvolution has the most significant impact on reducing the ringy character, particularly for Chirp data. Only boomer data required the removal of multiple reflections, and predictive deconvolution was applied to eliminate the multiples. The heave effect was corrected by applying manually picked residual static values of the seafloor to the SBP data. From spectral analysis results, the wavelength of the signal was calculated, and it was observed that the parametric SBP system had the highest vertical resolution. Applications demonstrated that among the four different SBP data types, the parametric SBP data required the fewest processing steps and least time, which indicates that the parametric SBP system is the most effective in distinguishing the SBP signal from ambient noise during acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How has the changing structure of the economy during the transition in Central and Eastern Europe resulted in reskilling, deskilling, or upskilling of the labor force? Using data from the Life in Transition Survey and survival analysis we find that the scale of changes in the skill-sets has been surprisingly limited. Instead, the transition has resulted in a generational change: workers from declining sectors left employment, while the young cohorts took up the jobs in the emerging sectors. Furthermore, to a large extent, pre-retirement exits can be explained by a lack of relevant skills in the older generation that were necessary for the open market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The American Dream is tightly woven into the American culture and way of life. Despite the importance and ubiquitous nature of the American Dream, the topic is difficult to define and belief in the attainability of the American Dream changes over time. Because of the little academic research on the topic, this study aims to fill this gap and investigate what people think about the American Dream and what factors influence the perception that this concept is outdated among different two generations – Baby Boomers and Millennials. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey containing both open-ended and close-ended questions was conducted in two age groups via Qualtrics – 245 Millennials (born 1980–1996) and 253 Baby Boomers (born 1946–1964). Open-ended questions were analyzed using NVivo and closed-ended questions were analyzed using SPSS. Items on the online survey measured the definition of the American Dream, factors in defining it, the relevancy and attainability of the Dream, whether it was outdated, as well as Schwartz's list of values (Lindeman and Verkasalo, 2005). Findings: Three research questions were investigated. First, the results show that Baby Boomers and Millennials define the Dream similarly in terms of a house, family, happiness, freedom and equality. Second, they differ, however, in whether they believe that the Dream is relevant and attainable. Specifically, only Baby Boomers believe that the Dream is still relevant, but both generations believe that it is harder for younger generations to achieve the Dream. Third, the authors found similarities and differences in terms of demographics and values predicting whether the two generations believed that the Dream is outdated, and new values should be added. For both generations, values were more likely to predict the belief that the Dream was outdated. Using Schwartz's values, those high in universalism were more likely to believe that the Dream was outdated and that new values should be added to the definition of the Dream for both generations. The values of security, self-direction, achievement and benevolence differed between the generations in believing that the Dream was outdated and that new values should be added. Originality/value: This research provides insight into how these macrolevel beliefs influence people at the microlevel and how businesses or public policymakers can use these concepts to influence attitudes or behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homeschooling has grown into a large and highly diverse segment of American education. However, empirical studies of homeschooling have remained methodologically underdeveloped. The purpose of this article is to chart an agenda for a new generation of research on homeschooling. A narrative review of quantitative research published since 2000 is undertaken to identify gaps in the current evidence base. This review indicated that prior work is generally limited by small samples, uniform operationalizing of homeschool practice, and cross-sectional data sources. This article then concludes by describing strategies that researchers can use to address the limitations of previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explored how the three major trends evident in the labor market since the 1970s (narrowing gender inequality, increased enrollment in higher education, occupational inequality) are related to income differences between the baby boom and millennial generations in Hong Kong, a major city in East Asia. We have incorporated analysis that examines the differences between local-born individuals and migrants in order to highlight a significant feature of Hong Kong society. Using the Hong Kong census for 1991 and 2016, we showed that from 1991 to 2016, the income gap between local-born Chinese and migrants widened substantially between millennials and baby boomers. RIF regression analysis and the decomposition based on the RIF regression results show that the three major social trends are related to the incomes of young adult baby boomers and millennials in Hong Kong in different ways. These patterns also vary by high and lower-income groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We propose a life course theoretical framework for understanding variation in family life courses between birth cohorts (historical time), societies (place), and social groups (social location). Building on the life course paradigm, we explain how key predictors on different levels of analysis can reinforce, precondition, counteract, preclude, or alter each other's influence on family life courses in specific contexts. The proposed framework re‐organizes and extends core principles of the life course paradigm into family life course predictors and outcomes on the individual, relational, and population levels. Background: The life course approach is a well‐recognized interdisciplinary paradigm in family research but often remains too abstract to guide hypotheses about family life course variation. Method: We demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework with a qualitative case study on family life courses in Senegal and a quantitative case study on family life course change between Baby Boomer and Millennial cohorts in the United States using sequence analysis. Results: Findings of the two example applications support that fertility decline in Senegal was primarily driven by material considerations and not by ideational change and that family life course de‐standardization was greater between White Baby Boomers and Millennials compared to Black Boomers and Millennials. Conclusion: Developing narrower mid‐range theories that fill the basic life course principles with substantive content and target specific fields of application, such as family life courses, is promising to advance life course theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Life insurance enhances households' capacity to absorb financial shocks and protects against personal risks that no one likes to contemplate. This is even more important in times of economic hardship such as now, when many Europe countries and particularly Spain are going through difficult times due to rising inflation, the war in Ukraine, and the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. Although previous studies have analysed the driving forces of life insurance demand, the influence of the individual's financial planning horizon, financial knowledge, and financial self‐control have been underexplored. This study analyses the influence of personal financial attributes on life insurance demand and, in so doing, explores whether the effects of such attitudes differ across different generational cohorts (i.e., the silent generation, baby boomers, Gen Xers, and millennials). The data, taken from the Survey of Financial Competences, comprises 7245 Spanish individuals. Evidence from multivariate analyses reflects the relevance of standard sociodemographic characteristics in explaining individuals' decisions to become life insurance holders. In contrast, evidence does not support a statistically significant relationship in the case of behavioural variables such as financial self‐control and the financial planning horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how different conceptualizations of retirement—New Beginning, Continuation, Imposed Disruption, and Transition to Old Age—affect retirement consideration and planning while controlling for demographic and work-related variables. In a sample of Slovak preretirees (N = 332, M age = 54.84, SD = 3.67 years, all working full-time), three of the retirement concepts were significant predictors of retirement consideration and planning. The New Beginning concept positively influenced both retirement consideration and planning. In contrast, the Continuation concept negatively impacted retirement consideration, with no significant effect on retirement planning. The Imposed Disruption concept positively predicted retirement consideration and planning, although the mechanisms driving engagement differed from those in the New Beginning concept. The Transition to the Old Age concept did not significantly predict retirement consideration or planning. These findings highlight the importance of understanding individual retirement concepts when discussing retirement planning and consideration. Consequently, preretirement interventions should focus on personalized approaches that reflect employees' unique retirement concepts and needs, supporting healthy pathways to retirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many of us at some point in our lives will likely be involved in providing care to an older family member who is sick. However, few of us anticipate or plan for it. As the boomer generation ages, the number of caregivers in the United States grows. Almost all aspects of caregiving have financial implications and strain. You have an opportunity to help clients plan ahead, particularly with clients who live long distances from their older relatives or friends and may not consider caregiver-related expenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis research delves into the adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) technology for travel intentions, with a specific emphasis on understanding generational disparities between Baby Boomers and Gen Z. This study focuses on two pivotal elements necessitating further examination: the role of virtual experiences and content quality in shaping travel intentions within the realm of virtual reality. Our investigation delves into the influence of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on virtual experiences and the impact of information access and novelty on content quality with travel intention for VR. Utilizing the Partial Least Squares Multigroup Analysis (PLS-MGA) and Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) models, we scrutinize these factors. This study aims to illuminate the technological and generational dimensions of VR adoption within the context of travel intention. The study underscores generational distinctions, yielding an intriguing outcome: virtual experiences distinctly shape the travel intentions of Gen Z but do not find favor among Baby Boomers. Conversely, the influence of content quality is evident, decisively affirming the travel intentions of Baby Boomers while lacking substantiation in the case of Gen Z. This finding provides valuable insights into how different generations engage with and adopt VR technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational conflict stands as a significant societal challenge, influencing relationships and comprehension among different age groups. This study delves into the perspectives on intergenerational conflicts as perceived by representatives from the Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. Employing the ‘Intergenerational Solidarity’ model and adopting a phenomenological approach, the study conducted five focus group sessions involving 19 participants, utilizing a semi-structured interview form. The findings highlight the prominence of intergenerational conflicts, particularly in the realms of consensual and functional solidarity. Notably, Baby Boomers and Generation X exhibit similar viewpoints, while Generation Y presents distinctive opinions. The root of intergenerational conflict revolves around societal values, with a diminishing rate of socialization playing a pivotal role. Proposing that older adult education can foster intergenerational understanding and communication by enhancing socialization, this study suggests a potential avenue for mitigating conflicts among generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our study we analyzed four editions of the post-war magazine Vyšehrad (1945-1948). We observed how the philosophical trends of the time (existentialism, personalism) determined the debate of Catholic intellectuals within the magazine. These intellectuals were thus forced to cope not only with the growing Stalinist ideology, but also with the trend of Sartre's influence on the young post-war generation. We find that both generations had to shift their attention from defending the Christian tradition to the anti-essentialism of Sartre's existential philosophy, and that despite their proclaimed disagreement with his views, they took up some of his themes (anxiety, nothingness, freedom of choice) to which they began to seek an adequate response, conditioned by Christian personalism. However, this search for an answer was put to an end by the authorities: the magazine was stopped by the Communist authorities and ceased publication in December 1948. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation used long-term longitudinal survey data from baby boomer women to identify whether strengthening gender role egalitarianism in early adulthood predicted declines in religious service attendance and religious intensity in later life. The aging of this cohort coincided with dramatic societal shifts in gender values and religiosity. The data were derived from 350 women participating in the Longitudinal Study of Generations, a study originally fielded in 1971 of families living in Southern California. Respondents were initially assessed in their late teens and early 20s and followed up to their early-to-mid 60s. Using growth curve modeling, we linked the change in egalitarian gender attitudes from 1971 to 1988 to a change in religiosity from 1994 to 2016. Women who became more egalitarian in their gender attitudes experienced sharper declines in religious intensity, but not in religious attendance in the period studied. Controlling for life-course transitions did not alter these results. The findings are discussed in terms of the connection between two asynchronous social changes occurring over the lives of women in a uniquely positioned birth cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore factors associated with productivity in urologic practice. Work-relative value units (wRVUs), the basis for Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and private payer reimbursements, commonly serve to estimate physician productivity. Limited data describes which practice factors predict increased wRVU productivity. The 2017 and 2018 CMS databases were retrospectively queried for urologic Medicare provider demographics and procedural/service details. Medical school graduation year was used to estimate years in practice and generation (Millennial, Gen X, Baby Boomer, or Post-War). Treated patients' demographics were obtained. Adjusted and unadjusted linear mixed models were performed to predict wRVU production. Included were 6773 Medicare-participating urologists across the United States. Millennials produced 1115 wRVUs per year, while Gen X and Baby Boomers produced significantly more (1997 and 2104, respectively, P <.01). Post-War urologists produced numerically more (1287, P =.88). In adjusted analyses, predictors of Medicare wRVU productivity included female and pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (exponentiated beta estimate (β) 1.46, 95% CI 1.32-1.60), men's health (β 1.22, 95% CI 1.13-1.32), and oncologic subspecialization (β 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14), female gender (β 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.92), wRVUs generated from inpatient procedures (β 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.09) and office visits (β 0.88, 95% CI 0.87-0.89), and the level of education (β 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.14) and percent impoverished patients (β 0.85, 95% CI 0.83-0.88) in provider's practice zip code. Urologic experience, specialization, demographics, practice patterns, and patient demographics are significantly associated with wRVU productivity in Medicare settings. Further work should incorporate quality metrics into wRVUs and ensure patient demographics do not affect reimbursement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Previous studies have indicated that compared to older adults, younger older adults (e.g. baby boomers) are more susceptible to obesity, but their risk decreases as they age. However, there is a lack of research on how individuals experience sarcopenic obesity, which increases in later life and is a mortality risk factor. This study examined how younger cohorts of older Americans and their demographic traits are related to sarcopenic obesity. Methods Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze participants aged 65 years and older, stratified by sex using data from the 2006–2016 Health and Retirement Study, with survey weights (n = 2,896 men and n = 4,268 women). Results The findings indicate that the youngest cohort (born between 1948 and 1953) had greater odds of sarcopenic obesity than older cohorts (born before 1931). However, the youngest cohort did not have significantly different risks from those born between 1931 and 1947. Unexpectedly, the youngest cohort of older women living alone tended not to have sarcopenic obesity compared to the older cohorts living alone. These results remained significant even after adjusting for various covariates, including marital status, race, education level, wealth, and other factors. Discussion This paper contributes to the existing literature on population health and demographic change in 2 ways. First, the risk of sarcopenic obesity is higher among younger cohorts of older Americans relative to older cohorts (born before 1931). Second, living alone may not necessarily be considered a worse health condition, particularly for younger female cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The goal of this study is to examine how the age-crime distribution in South Korea has shifted over time and the role of cohorts in driving this shift. This study highlights the impact of social change and historical events on cohort effects, potentially leading to shifts in the age-crime distribution.. Methods: Age-Period-Cohort-Interaction (APC-I) models are estimated on age-specific-arrest statistics for offenses in South Korea from 1967 and 2011. The APC-I models take into account the interdependence of age, period, and cohort, thus permitting the identification of inter-and intra-cohort differences in crime over the life course. Results: The age-crime distribution in South Korea has changed over time to an older peak age of arrest. Korean baby boomers born between 1955 and 1963 have a higher risk of arrest earlier in life than other cohorts, perpetuating an overall increased risk over the life course. Conclusion: Changes in socio-historical conditions differentiate crime trajectories across cohorts over the life course. Thus, this study suggests that social change and historical events impact the age-crime dynamics in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a media thematic agenda analysis of 528 articles on retirement from five influential online newspapers in Slovakia between January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023. The aim was to understand these newspapers' societal discourses on retirement, the breadth and completeness of their coverage of retirement topics, and which aspects they emphasized and overlooked. The analysis found that the media coverage during the selected period did not address various retirement issues. Quantitative analysis revealed that economic and legislative aspects dominated, followed by political positions on retirement issues, information from the Social Insurance Agency, details about adjustments to the pension system, and expert opinions. Financial preparation for retirement received minimal coverage, while psychological, socio-psychological, and sociological contexts of retirement were on the periphery of media attention. As the media reflect and shape cultural beliefs about retirement, our findings provide insights into the retirement culture within a nationally specific framework. Considering that retirement culture is under-researched in social science studies, we recommend focusing on a research program to delve deeper into this issue in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Asia's elderly Baby Boomer demographic (born between 1946 and 1964) faced a huge problem during the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased all-cause mortality. We aimed to provide a unique Taiwan situation regarding the impact of Baby Boomers on excess mortalities from all causes relative to non-Baby Boomers throughout distinct times of SARS-CoV-2 mutations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used the Poisson time series design with a Bayesian directed acyclic graphic approach to build the background mortality prior to the COVID-19 pandemic between 2015 and 2019. It was then used for predicting the expected all-cause deaths compared to the reported figures during the COVID-19 pandemic period based on Taiwan residents, an Omicron-naïve cohort. Results: Baby Boomers experienced a 2% negative excess mortality in 2020 (Wuhan/D614G) and a 4% excess mortality in 2021 (Alpha/Delta) with a rising background mortality trend whereas non-Baby Boomers showed the corresponding figures of 4% negative excess and 1% excess with a stable trend. Baby Boomer and non-Baby Boomer excess mortality soared to 9% (95% CI: 7-10%) and 10% (95% CI: 9-11%), respectively, during the epidemic Omicron period from January to June 2022. Surprisingly, Baby Boomers aged 58–76 experienced the same 9% excess mortality as non-Baby Boomers aged 77 and beyond. Non-COVID-19 deaths were more prevalent among Baby Boomers than non-Baby Boomers (33% vs. 29%). Conclusion: Baby Boomers were more likely to die from COVID-19 in early pandemic and had more non-COVID-19 deaths in late pandemic than older non-Baby Boomers demonstrated in Taiwan Omicron-naïve cohort. For this vulnerable population, adequate access to medical care and medical capacity require more consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text discusses labor force nonparticipation rates among different age groups and genders from 1999 to 2022. It highlights that school attendance was the main reason for nonparticipation among teenagers and young adults, with an increase in nonparticipation due to factors such as increased summer school attendance and parental emphasis on education. Among men aged 25 to 54, illness or disability was the main reason for nonparticipation, while women cited home responsibilities as their main reason. The text also mentions that nonparticipation due to illness or disability increased for both men and women during this period. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the U.S. labor force, with the overall nonparticipation rate rising from 34.0 percent in 2019 to 35.5 percent in 2022. Retirement was the main reason for the increase in nonparticipation during the pandemic. The article also discusses trends in retirement patterns, including the impact of recessions and the COVID-19 pandemic on retirement rates. [Extracted from the article]

This study explores the relationship between social media usage for investment advice and financial satisfaction across different generations. Ten ordered logit models were estimated using Stata to explore this relationship. Ordered logit analyses using data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study State-by-State and Investor survey reveal that Generation X and millennials are less financially satisfied than baby boomers. While general social media use shows no statistically significant association, platform-specific analysis finds that Instagram and TikTok users report higher financial satisfaction, whereas YouTube users report lower satisfaction. Notably, millennials who use social media for investment advice are more financially satisfied than their peers. Detailed analyses reveal that Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter positively influence financial satisfaction across Gen Z, millennials, and Gen X, with more platform-specific associations observed for Facebook, LinkedIn, and Reddit among millennials and Gen X, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, financial professionals, and researchers, highlighting the need for targeted strategies to enhance financial well-being through social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many argue that work motivation varies with year of birth, suggesting the utility of generational labels such as Z, Y, X, or Baby Boomer. This article tests this generational hypothesis by using multilevel regressions with data from 584,217 individuals sampled by the Integrated Values Survey in 113 countries over more than 30 years. The results show that the importance of work first increases and then decreases with an individual's age and that the importance of work tends to decrease for everyone with the passing of historical time. These age and period effects make later-born generations seem work averse, while birth year and thus generational membership hardly explain work motivation after accounting for age and period effects. The article also tests whether ten other work-related attitudes can be explained through generational membership. The results suggest that the historical time period and an individual's life course explain work motivation and work attitudes better than generational membership. This life course and historical explanation is suggested as an alternative to the generational hypothesis of work motivation and attitudes that prevails in much of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study introduces an enhanced version of the Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) method, a powerful tool that can be applied across various domains. This method plays a crucial role in our research, aiding in making well-informed decisions about smart tourism destination attributes. We achieved this by evaluating how 911 consumers from four different generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z) rated these attributes based on their most recent tourist destination visit. Unlike traditional methods that often rely on subjective opinions or complex statistical models, the Improved IPA (IIPA) method offers a clear approach to decision-making. It enables decision-makers to focus on the most crucial attributes that drive consumer interest, thereby optimizing resource allocation and marketing efforts. Specifically, to remain competitive, decision-makers for smart tourist destinations should focus on queuing-time forecast and applications, websites, and content accessible for travelers with disabilities for Baby Boomers; e-complaint handling for Generation X; smart emergency response system for Millennials; and tourist-flow forecast, real-time traffic broadcast, electronic-entrance guard systems, and accessible data about physical design features of accommodation, restaurants, and tourist attractions for Generation Z. Theoretically, this study advances the research on managerial decision-making by demonstrating the effectiveness of the IIPA as a clear and straightforward method for making optimal decisions about product or service attributes. In practice, the study provides decision-makers with valuable insights into the importance of different categories of smart attributes in shaping the overall holiday experience at a tourist destination for Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z tourism consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Z is expected to officially surpass the Baby Boomers in the labor market by 2024 and to represent 30% of the global workforce by 2030. In the work environment, they are referred to oxymoronically as competitively ambivalent. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for this behavior and to identify initiatives that would facilitate understanding between Generation Z and other generations. The aim of the present study was to find out whether Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which lives in conditions of deepening polarization of society and differentiated opportunities (e.g., in access to education, consumption of goods and services, work and entertainment), exhibits compatible value orientation or whether significant antagonisms exist in the value system. The study utilized the referential Schwartz's theory of values, which handles universal values dynamically. This theoretical framework was extended to include the dimension of instrumental values that were contextualized in the labor market environment. The results show that the representatives of Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia prefer collective values (Benevolence and Universalism) in the first two places. However, they subsequently lean toward two individual values (Hedonism and Self-Direction). The comparison of the results in the European context showed the same values being shared by the representatives of Generation Z with preference nuances. The comparison of Generation Z representatives with members of other generations in the European context showed consistency of sharing collective values (Benevolence and Universalism). Discussion: Intergenerational value congruence, as well as knowledge of the difference in preferred values across generations (the collectivism value of Tradition shared by Baby Boomers and Generation X, and Hedonism as an individualism value shared by Generation Y and Generation Z) can help the successful integration of Generation Z representatives in the labor market. A way toward intergenerational synergy can be the recommended strategies for managing Generation Z in the context of career paths: Flexibility of development; Gamification; Mentoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and its negative impacts pose a threat to crop production in Kenya. However, climate change adaptation strategies have the potential to address the challenges faced by crop farmers. Despite this, there is limited literature to inform policy on the best interventions to help farmers deal with climate issues. This study assessed the determinants of climate change adaptation strategies and the intensity of their use among 723 crop farmers in Busia County, Kenya, selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), multinomial logit regression, and the ordered probit model. The climate change adaptation strategies were categorized into crop diversity, cover crops, use of drought-resistant crops, and irrigation. According to the results, the factors contributing to the uptake of the different adaptation strategies were age, household size, access to credit, training access, off-farm income, group membership, frequency of receiving climate change information, and extension services. The major factors influencing the uptake of multiple climate change adaptation strategies were access to credit and off-farm income. The study shows that certain adaptation strategies, such as using cover crops, do not require credit and offer an important option in an environment with limited resources. On the other hand, adaptation measures such as irrigation demand financial resources for farmers to implement them, highlighting the importance of information and awareness in adopting adaptation strategies and the supportive role of financial resources, particularly for adopting multiple strategies. Therefore, this study suggests implementing policies and interventions that encompass knowledge-based strategies such as extension services, training, climate change education, group participation, and financial mechanisms like income generation activities and access to credit. These integrated strategies will enable farmers to adopt various climate change adaptation methods for sustainable crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explored baby boomer gay men’s experiences with primary healthcare and their perspectives of future long-term care. Baby boomer gay men’s perspectives about primary healthcare remain understudied in the United States. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted with 30 baby boomer men in the Southwest USA. We used semi-structured interviews to assess participants’ initiation and maintenance of primary healthcare, disclosure of sexual orientation to providers, and perspectives about future healthcare needs, including long-term care. Data were analyzed with a latent thematic analysis. We found baby boomer gay men anticipate discrimination because of their sexual orientation whenever they establish healthcare with new providers. Participants identified circumstantial comfort in the new healthcare setting as a key motivator to disclose their sexual orientation. Thus, baby boomer gay men specifically sought gay or gay-friendly healthcare providers to ease the burden of managing disclosure and to permit free discussion of their sexual orientation and healthcare needs. Participants faced recurring anticipation of rejection and discrimination from healthcare providers, which extends to their perceptions of current healthcare encounters and future long-term care placement. Healthcare providers would benefit from understanding the practice implications of this dynamic. Future research on primary healthcare inclusivity is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of the research conducted on Leonid Brezhnev's rule and domestic policies during the Brezhnev era in the Soviet Union. It discusses the shift in research focus from political scientists and dissidents to historians, who have explored various aspects of everyday life during this period. The article challenges the perception of stagnation and highlights the normality of Soviet life under Brezhnev's leadership. It also discusses the emergence of a socialist welfare state and the social and cultural changes that occurred during this time. The text emphasizes the need for further research on topics such as dissident women, the everyday lives of workers and peasants, and the role of the economy in Soviet society. It also raises questions about the impact of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine on future research. [Extracted from the article]

Leaving parliament is often a time of significant financial, employment and emotional difficulty for MPs. However, few studies have examined the support provided by parliaments to departing and former members. Consequently, parliaments lack access to best-practice case studies to improve the transitional experience for MPs. This article develops five benchmarks for supporting former MPs, covering transitional financial assistance; retirement income; career, financial, life transitions and redundancy counselling; mental health and medical services; and social and networking opportunities. These benchmarks are used to assess the support provided to former members by 22 selected 'professional parliaments'. Although most of these parliaments offer adequate retirement income, none currently provide sufficient transitional financial assistance for MPs who depart before pensionable age. In all cases, improvements are also required to mental health and other counselling services. Most parliaments provide adequate social and networking opportunities. Implementing and extending these measures will improve the transitional experience of former MPs and enhance democratic rotation by reducing impediments to high-quality candidates from diverse socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds from seeking political office, while easing the exit of MPs who are ready to leave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As Indian youths have more choices than ever before and purchase products that define them, it becomes necessary for marketers and companies to explore youth behavioural responses. Film celebrities, sports icons, and fictional celebrities influence youths through their status and achievements. Celebrity influence on youth is four times more than their influence on the baby boomer generation, and youthful shoppers evaluate ads more than grown-ups do. Given the battle between celebrity and Mascot for brand endorsement, marketers have an increased interest in examining the differential effect of endorsers and product involvement's potent effects on youth attitude and purchase intentions. This study has used an experimental design to assess the advertisement effectiveness. The endorser has three levels (i.e. Bollywood celebrity, sports celebrity and mascot) and product involvement had two levels (low vs high involvement, non-food products). Product involvement was used as a moderating variable and was found to enhance the impact of endorsements. The current research also assessed the interaction effect of endorsement and product involvement. This study was conducted on undergraduate and postgraduate students and has used six print ads. The study's findings revealed that all the paths from endorsement type and product involvement to AaD, AB and PI are found significant. The interaction effects of endorsement type and product involvement significantly predict attitude towards the brand and purchase intentions. The outcomes of this study add value to the body of knowledge and discuss managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the evolution of retirement benefits in the United States over the past 50 years, with a focus on the role of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in tracking these changes. The passage of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) in 1974 had a significant impact on retirement benefits, establishing regulations for employer-provided plans. The article explores the shift from defined benefit plans to defined contribution plans, as well as the various provisions and requirements of these plans. BLS has collected data on retirement benefits, including participation rates and plan details, since the late 1970s, providing valuable information on the changing retirement landscape. [Extracted from the article]

Administrative burdens create costly experiences for citizens, especially disadvantaged groups. Research to date focuses on how burdens affect outcomes in specific policy contexts, thus little is known about cumulative experiences of burdens in everyday life and their distribution in society. This is the first study to document everyday administrative experiences, accounting for time and well‐being costs across 10 domains: tax, retirement, government benefits, bills, goods and services, savings, debt, health, child care, and adult care. Survey results from 2243 UK adults show that administrative tasks are a significant part of everyday life, with time and well‐being costs that vary by domain. Benefits‐related tasks are particularly costly. There is evidence of distributive effects. Those in poor health and financial insecurity are more likely to engage in salient tasks, such as benefits, but less likely to engage with longer‐term tasks including savings and retirement. They experience higher well‐being costs, especially during salient tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid foundation of financial literacy can assist a variety of life objectives, including managing debt responsibly, starting a business, and saving for retirement or school. This study examined the financial literacy and personal financial management of regular employees of the Municipality of Polomolok. The study employed a quantitative descriptive survey administered to the regular employees of Polomolok, South Cotabato. Results of the survey revealed that most of the regular employees of the Municipality of Polomolok are middle-aged married females with a family size of three (3) to four (4) members. Moreover, most respondents have obtained a bachelor's degree and currently hold a rank-and-file position with a salary ranging from Fifteen Thousand and One Pesos (Php. 15,001.00) to Twenty Thousand Pesos (Php. 20,000.00). Furthermore, the study results revealed that the respondents have a high level of financial literacy and personal financial management. Consequently, a significant relationship exists between the level of financial literacy and the level of personal financial management concerning the respondents' sex and their current held position. Hence, the study concludes that financial literacy significantly influences how the regular employees of LGU Polomolok manage their finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]