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2. Discovery of Novel Herpes Simplexviruses in Wild Gorillas, Bonobos, and Chimpanzees Supports Zoonotic Origin of HSV-2

Author

Wertheim, Joel O, Hostager, Reilly, Ryu, Diane, Merkel, Kevin, Angedakin, Samuel, Arandjelovic, Mimi, Ayimisin, Emmanuel Ayuk, Babweteera, Fred, Bessone, Mattia, Brun-Jeffery, Kathryn J, Dieguez, Paula, Eckardt, Winnie, Fruth, Barbara, Herbinger, Ilka, Jones, Sorrel, Kuehl, Hjalmar, Langergraber, Kevin E, Lee, Kevin, Madinda, Nadege F, Metzger, Sonja, Ormsby, Lucy Jayne, Robbins, Martha M, Sommer, Volker, Stoinski, Tara, Wessling, Erin G, Wittig, Roman M, Yuh, Yisa Ginath, Leendertz, Fabian H, and Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Biological Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Herpesvirus 2, Human, Hominidae, Humans, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Simplexvirus, Viral Zoonoses, phylogenetics, zoonosis, herpesvirus, molecular clock, ape, Biochemistry and cell biology, Evolutionary biology
Abstract

Viruses closely related to human pathogens can reveal the origins of human infectious diseases. Human herpes simplexvirus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are hypothesized to have arisen via host-virus codivergence and cross-species transmission. We report the discovery of novel herpes simplexviruses during a large-scale screening of fecal samples from wild gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, contrary to expectation, simplexviruses from these African apes are all more closely related to HSV-2 than to HSV-1. Molecular clock-based hypothesis testing suggests the divergence between HSV-1 and the African great ape simplexviruses likely represents a codivergence event between humans and gorillas. The simplexviruses infecting African great apes subsequently experienced multiple cross-species transmission events over the past 3 My, the most recent of which occurred between humans and bonobos around 1 Ma. These findings revise our understanding of the origins of human herpes simplexviruses and suggest that HSV-2 is one of the earliest zoonotic pathogens.

Published
2021

6. Global patterns and climatic controls of forest structural complexity

Author

Ehbrecht, Martin, Seidel, Dominik, Annighöfer, Peter, Kreft, Holger, Köhler, Michael, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Puettmann, Klaus, Nilus, Reuben, Babweteera, Fred, Willim, Katharina, Stiers, Melissa, Soto, Daniel, Boehmer, Hans Juergen, Fisichelli, Nicholas, Burnett, Michael, Juday, Glenn, Stephens, Scott L., and Ammer, Christian

Published
2021
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10. Intraspecific variation in fruit production of African mahogany (Khaya anthotheca) in a semi-deciduous East African rainforest.

Author

Okimat, John Paul, Babweteera, Fred, and Ehbrecht, Martin

Subjects
*FRUIT quality, *MAHOGANY, *TREE size, *FRUIT, *FOREST degradation, *RESTORATION ecology, *RAIN forests
Abstract

Restoring valuable timber trees is a necessary part of regaining many ecosystem services and products provided by degraded tropical forests. However, knowledge of seed production, a regeneration prerequisite, is limited for many tropical timber tree species. We studied the fruit production of African mahogany (Khaya anthotheca) in a semi-deciduous rainforest in East Africa, to provide information for ecological restoration programs. First, we quantified population variability and synchrony in fruit production. Then, we assessed how reproductive status and output were influenced by tree size, neighbourhood crowding, exchangeable cations, liana presence, and crown exposure. We found fruit production at the population level was weakly synchronised, with high interannual variability at the population and individual levels. Tree size determined reproductive status. Individual quantity of fruit produced increased with tree size but decreased with neighbourhood crowding. Our results indicate that K. anthotheca does not meet the criteria for mast fruiting. Our findings suggest that reproductive output in mahogany is regulated by tree size and competition. In addition to active protection, thinning to reduce competition around seed trees may boost fruit production at the individual tree level to provide seed for forest enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Budongo Forest

Author

Babweteera, Fred, primary, Mawa, Christopher, additional, Asiimwe, Caroline, additional, Okwir, Eric, additional, Muhanguzi, Geoffrey, additional, Okimat, John Paul, additional, and Robinson, Sarah, additional

Published
2018
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15. Wild chimpanzees infected with 5 plasmodiums species

Author

Kaiser, Marco, Lowa, Anna, Ulrich, Markus, Ellerbrok, Heinz, Goffe, Adeelia S., Blasse, Anja, Zommers, Zinta, Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel, Babweteera, Fred, Zuberbuhler, Klaus, Metzger, Sonja, Geidel, Sebastian, Boesch, Christophe, Gillespie, Thomas R., and Leendertz, Fabian H.

Subjects
Rain forests -- Health aspects, Chimpanzees -- Health aspects, Malaria -- Health aspects, Plasmodium falciparum -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Despite ongoing and, in some regions, escalating morbidity and mortality rates associated with malaria-causing parasites, the evolutionary epidemiology of Plasmodium spp. is not well characterized. Classical studies of the blood [...]

Published
2010
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18. Global patterns and climatic controls of forest structural complexity

Author

Ehbrecht, Martin, Seidel, Dominik, Annighöfer, Peter, Kreft, Holger, Köhler, Michael, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Puettmann, Klaus, Nilus, Reuben, Babweteera, Fred, Willim, Katharina, Stiers, Melissa, Soto, Daniel, Boehmer, Hans Juergen, Fisichelli, Nicholas, Burnett, Michael, Juday, Glenn, Stephens, Scott L., Ammer, Christian, and Professur für Wald- und Agroforstsysteme

Subjects
ddc:630, Article, Biogeography, Climate-change ecology, Ecosystem ecology, Forestry, ddc
Published
2020

20. Conservation Outcomes of Collaborative Forest Management in a Medium Altitude Semideciduous Forest in Mid-western Uganda.

Author

Mawa, Christopher, Babweteera, Fred, and Tumusiime, David Mwesigye

Subjects
*FOREST management, *FOREST surveys, *FOREST reserves, *COMMUNITY involvement, *ALTITUDES, *WOODEN beams, *FOREST productivity, *COMMUNITIES
Abstract

Globally, community involvement in forest management has been hailed as an effective strategy to achieve both conservation and livelihoods improvement goals. In Uganda, Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) has been promoted to enable registered local community groups to co-manage specified areas of state forests with state agencies. However, there is paucity of empirical research evidence on conservation outcomes that are attributable to CFM. To fill this gap, this study used forest inventory data collected in compartments under different forest management regimes (CFM, inactive-CFM, and non-CFM) in 2003 and 2016 to assess spatial and temporal changes in forest structural attributes in a semideciduous forest in mid-western Uganda. Our ordination results show significant changes in tree communities in the non-CFM compartment. The CFM compartment registered a net increase in basal area. We attribute these changes to the high rate of illegal timber extraction and charcoal processing, with signs of the latter only recorded in the inactive- and non-CFM compartments. Illegal timber extraction was perpetuated by powerful outsiders while charcoal processing was dominated by local area residents for cash income. Deliberate management interventions should be instituted to curb illegal human activities and enhance regeneration and recruitment of target tree species in the forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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21. Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas

Author

Laurance, William F., Useche, Carolina D., Rendeiro, Julio, Kalka, Margareta, Bradshaw, Corey J. A., Sloan, Sean P., Laurance, Susan G., Campbell, Mason, Abernethy, Kate, Alvarez, Patricia, Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor, Ashton, Peter, Benítez-Malvido, Julieta, Blom, Allard, Bobo, Kadiri S., Cannon, Charles H., Cao, Min, Carroll, Richard, Chapman, Colin, Coates, Rosamond, Cords, Marina, Danielsen, Finn, De Dijn, Bart, Dinerstein, Eric, Donnelly, Maureen A., Edwards, David, Edwards, Felicity, Farwig, Nina, Fashing, Peter, Forget, Pierre-Michel, Foster, Mercedes, Gale, George, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hart, John, Karpanty, Sarah, Kress, John W., Krishnaswamy, Jagdish, Logsdon, Willis, Lovett, Jon, Magnusson, William, Maisels, Fiona, Marshall, Andrew R., McClearn, Deedra, Mudappa, Divya, Nielsen, Martin R., Pearson, Richard, Pitman, Nigel, van der Ploeg, Jan, Plumptre, Andrew, Poulsen, John, Quesada, Mauricio, Rainey, Hugo, Robinson, Douglas, Roetgers, Christiane, Rovero, Francesco, Scatena, Frederick, Schulze, Christian, Sheil, Douglas, Struhsaker, Thomas, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Duncan, Timm, Robert, Urbina-Cardona, Nicolas J., Vasudevan, Karthikeyan, Wright, Joseph S., Arias, Juan Carlos G., Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Mark, Auzel, Philippe, Babaasa, Dennis, Babweteera, Fred, Baker, Patrick, Banki, Olaf, Bass, Margot, Bila-Isia, Inogwabini, Blake, Stephen, Brockelman, Warren, Brokaw, Nicholas, Brühl, Carsten A., Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Chao, Jung-Tai, Chave, Jerome, Chellam, Ravi, Clark, Connie J., Clavijo, José, Congdon, Robert, Corlett, Richard, Dattaraja, H. S., Dave, Chittaranjan, Davies, Glyn, de Mello Beisiegel, Beatriz, de Nazaré Paes da Silva, Rosa, Di Fiore, Anthony, Diesmos, Arvin, Dirzo, Rodolfo, Doran-Sheehy, Diane, Eaton, Mitchell, Emmons, Louise, Estrada, Alejandro, Ewango, Corneille, Fedigan, Linda, Feer, François, Fruth, Barbara, Willis, Jacalyn Giacalone, Goodale, Uromi, Goodman, Steven, Guix, Juan C., Guthiga, Paul, Haber, William, Hamer, Keith, Herbinger, Ilka, Hill, Jane, Huang, Zhongliang, Sun, I Fang, Ickes, Kalan, Itoh, Akira, Ivanauskas, Natália, Jackes, Betsy, Janovec, John, Janzen, Daniel, Jiangming, Mo, Jin, Chen, Jones, Trevor, Justiniano, Hermes, Kalko, Elisabeth, Kasangaki, Aventino, Killeen, Timothy, King, Hen-biau, Klop, Erik, Knott, Cheryl, Koné, Inza, Kudavidanage, Enoka, da Silva Ribeiro, José Lahoz, Lattke, John, Laval, Richard, Lawton, Robert, Leal, Miguel, Leighton, Mark, Lentino, Miguel, Leonel, Cristiane, Lindsell, Jeremy, Ling-Ling, Lee, Linsenmair, Eduard K., Losos, Elizabeth, Lugo, Ariel, Lwanga, Jeremiah, Mack, Andrew L., Martins, Marlucia, McGraw, Scott W., McNab, Roan, Montag, Luciano, Thompson, Jo Myers, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nakagawa, Michiko, Nepal, Sanjay, Norconk, Marilyn, Novotny, Vojtech, OʼDonnell, Sean, Opiang, Muse, Ouboter, Paul, Parker, Kenneth, Parthasarathy, N., Pisciotta, Kátia, Prawiradilaga, Dewi, Pringle, Catherine, Rajathurai, Subaraj, Reichard, Ulrich, Reinartz, Gay, Renton, Katherine, Reynolds, Glen, Reynolds, Vernon, Riley, Erin, Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Rothman, Jessica, Round, Philip, Sakai, Shoko, Sanaiotti, Tania, Savini, Tommaso, Schaab, Gertrud, Seidensticker, John, Siaka, Alhaji, Silman, Miles R., Smith, Thomas B., de Almeida, Samuel Soares, Sodhi, Navjot, Stanford, Craig, Stewart, Kristine, Stokes, Emma, Stoner, Kathryn E., Sukumar, Raman, Surbeck, Martin, Tobler, Mathias, Tscharntke, Teja, Turkalo, Andrea, Umapathy, Govindaswamy, van Weerd, Merlijn, Rivera, Jorge Vega, Venkataraman, Meena, Venn, Linda, Verea, Carlos, de Castilho, Carolina Volkmer, Waltert, Matthias, Wang, Benjamin, Watts, David, Weber, William, West, Paige, Whitacre, David, Whitney, Ken, Wilkie, David, Williams, Stephen, Wright, Debra D., Wright, Patricia, Xiankai, Lu, Yonzon, Pralad, and Zamzani, Franky

Published
2012
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29. Novel adenoviruses in wild primates: a high level of genetic diversity and evidence of zoonotic transmissions

Author

Wevers, Diana, Metzger, Sonja, Babweteera, Fred, Bieberbach, Marc, Boesch, Christophe, Cameron, Kenneth, Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel, Cranfield, Mike, Gray, Maryke, Harris, Laurie A, Head, Josephine, Jeffery, Kathryn Jane, Knauf, Sascha, Lankester, Felix, and Leendertz, Siv Aina J

Subjects
endocrine system, animal diseases, viruses, virus diseases, eye diseases
Abstract

Adenoviruses (AdVs) broadly infect vertebrate hosts, including a variety of nonhuman primates (NHPs). In the present study, we identified AdVs in NHPs living in their natural habitats, and through the combination of phylogenetic analyses and information on the habitats and epidemiological settings, we detected possible horizontal transmission events between NHPs and humans. Wild NHPs were analyzed with a pan-primate AdV-specific PCR using a degenerate nested primer set that targets the highly conserved adenovirus DNA polymerase gene. A plethora of novel AdV sequences were identified, representing at least 45 distinct AdVs. From the AdV-positive individuals, 29 nearly complete hexon genes were amplified and, based on phylogenetic analysis, tentatively allocated to all known human AdV species (Human adenovirus A to Human adenovirus G [HAdV-A to -G]) as well as to the only simian AdV species (Simian adenovirus A [SAdV-A]). Interestingly, five of the AdVs detected in great apes grouped into the HAdV-A, HAdV-D, HAdV-F, or SAdV-A clade. Furthermore, we report the first detection of AdVs in New World monkeys, clustering at the base of the primate AdV evolutionary tree. Most notably, six chimpanzee AdVs of species HAdV-A to HAdV-F revealed a remarkably close relationship to human AdVs, possibly indicating recent interspecies transmission events.

Published
2011

30. Molecular diversity of entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti and its coevolution with chimpanzees

Author

Vallo, Peter, primary, Petrželková, Klára J., additional, Profousová, Ilona, additional, Petrášová, Jana, additional, Pomajbíková, Katerina, additional, Leendertz, Fabian, additional, Hashimoto, Chie, additional, Simmons, Nicol, additional, Babweteera, Fred, additional, Machanda, Zarin, additional, Piel, Alexander, additional, Robbins, Martha M., additional, Boesch, Christophe, additional, Sanz, Crickette, additional, Morgan, David, additional, Sommer, Volker, additional, Furuichi, Takeshi, additional, Fujita, Shiho, additional, Matsuzawa, Tetsuro, additional, Kaur, Taranjit, additional, Huffman, Michael A., additional, and Modrý, David, additional

Published
2012
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40. Novel adenoviruses in wild primates: a high level of genetic diversity and evidence of zoonotic transmissions.

Author

Wevers D, Metzger S, Babweteera F, Bieberbach M, Boesch C, Cameron K, Couacy-Hymann E, Cranfield M, Gray M, Harris LA, Head J, Jeffery K, Knauf S, Lankester F, Leendertz SA, Lonsdorf E, Mugisha L, Nitsche A, Reed P, Robbins M, Travis DA, Zommers Z, Leendertz FH, and Ehlers B

Subjects
Adenoviridae classification, Adenoviridae genetics, Adenoviridae Infections virology, Animals, Capsid Proteins genetics, DNA Primers genetics, DNA, Viral chemistry, DNA, Viral genetics, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase genetics, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Genotype, Humans, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Primate Diseases virology, Primates virology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Viral Proteins genetics, Zoonoses virology, Adenoviridae isolation & purification, Adenoviridae Infections transmission, Adenoviridae Infections veterinary, Animals, Wild virology, Genetic Variation, Primate Diseases transmission, Zoonoses transmission
Abstract

Adenoviruses (AdVs) broadly infect vertebrate hosts, including a variety of nonhuman primates (NHPs). In the present study, we identified AdVs in NHPs living in their natural habitats, and through the combination of phylogenetic analyses and information on the habitats and epidemiological settings, we detected possible horizontal transmission events between NHPs and humans. Wild NHPs were analyzed with a pan-primate AdV-specific PCR using a degenerate nested primer set that targets the highly conserved adenovirus DNA polymerase gene. A plethora of novel AdV sequences were identified, representing at least 45 distinct AdVs. From the AdV-positive individuals, 29 nearly complete hexon genes were amplified and, based on phylogenetic analysis, tentatively allocated to all known human AdV species (Human adenovirus A to Human adenovirus G [HAdV-A to -G]) as well as to the only simian AdV species (Simian adenovirus A [SAdV-A]). Interestingly, five of the AdVs detected in great apes grouped into the HAdV-A, HAdV-D, HAdV-F, or SAdV-A clade. Furthermore, we report the first detection of AdVs in New World monkeys, clustering at the base of the primate AdV evolutionary tree. Most notably, six chimpanzee AdVs of species HAdV-A to HAdV-F revealed a remarkably close relationship to human AdVs, possibly indicating recent interspecies transmission events.

Published
2011
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