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Biodegradable films have been developed to tackle the problem of environmental pollution caused by food packaging waste. However, microbial growth in these films can lead to food spoilage and pose a threat to health. This study aimed to create antibacterial edible films using tragacanth gum, carrageenan, and clove essential oil (CEO) to prevent microbial growth. The influence of various concentrations of CEO (10%, 20%, and 30 w/w%) on the physical, optical, mechanical, antimicrobial, biodegradability properties and packaging of these films was examined. The results indicated that the addition of CEO enhanced film elongation, whereas it reduced tensile strength and Young's modulus. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed an interaction between the CEO and tragacanth gum/carrageenan. Incorporating CEO reduced the films' moisture content and water vapor permeability, while increasing their antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. The films containing 30% CEO exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against both Escherichia coli and Bacillus. The incorporation of CEO into tragacanth gum/carrageenan enhanced the film's properties, making it suitable for packaging edible food items. This study fills a gap by providing a sustainable solution to mitigate microbial growth in biodegradable food packing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A colorimetric method for the analysis of dolutegravir in pure form and in tablets has been developed based on the formation of green colour complex. The method is based on the diazotization of carbonyl group and coupling with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone reagent in presence of ferric chloride to form green colour complex, by reaction of NH2 (amine) group present in the 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone reagent with the carbonyl functional group of dolutegravir by eliminating one water molecule. The complex exhibited absorption maxima at 632 nm obeying Beer's law in range of 10-18 pg mL-1. This method is simple, precise and accurate with recovery of 99.8-100 %. The line equation Y = 0.0082x + 0.0292 with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.991 was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: To estimate the incidence of hypomagnesemia and identify the effectiveness of a calculated dose of intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in correction of hypomagnesemia and its relationship with renal function in critically ill patients. Material and Methods: All patients admitted in the adult intensive care unit were enrolled in the study and magnesium levels were monitored. Patients with serum magnesium levels <1.7 mg/dL received calculated doses of Intravenous MgSO4. The average rise in serum magnesium levels per gram of MgSO4 administered was calculated and relationship with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was identified. Results: In total, 27.27% of patients admitted in our intensive care unit had an incidence of hypomagnesemia. The average rise of serum magnesium levels in patients with hypomagnesemia was 0.13 (±0.05) mg/dl. The average rise of serum magnesium levels was 0.10 (±0.04) mg/dL in patients with eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 0.15 (± 0.05) mg/dL in patients with eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. This difference between the two groups (P-value = 0.002) and the trend of increasing average rise in serum magnesium levels with declining eGFR values (P-value = 0.013) were both statistically significant. Conclusion: Incidence of hypomagnesemia in the critically ill population is around 27.27%. Intravenous administration of 1 g of MgSO4 results in a rise of serum magnesium levels by 0.1 mg/dL in patients with normal eGFR and around 0.15 mg/dL in patients with eGFR values between 30 and 89 mL/min/1.73 m2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]