Search

Background: Diabetes is the most prevalent disease that has involved 177 million people all over the world and, due to this, these patients suffer from depression and anxiety and they should use special methods for controlling the same. The aim of this research is the study of the effect of problem solving and decision making skill on the rate of the tendency to depression and anxiety. Materials and Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental (case-control) study. Statistically, the population of the present study was all diabetic patients of Qaemshahr who were controlled by physicians in 2011-2012. Thirty files were selected randomly from them and divided into two 15 patients’ groups (control and subject group) randomly. The measurement tools were Back depression inventory (21 items) and Zank anxiety questionnaire that were distributed among two groups. Then, the subject group participated in eight sessions of teaching problem solving and decision making courses separately, and the second group (control group) did not receive any instruction. Results: Finally, both groups had passed post-test and the data obtained from the questionnaires were studied by variance analysis statistical methods. Conclusion: The results showed that teaching problem solving and decision making skills was very effective in reducing diabetic patients’ depression and anxiety and resulted in reducing their depression and anxiety.

This survey was conducted to survey the substition effect of Arthrospira platensis and Chaetoceros muelleri as food for feeding Litopenaeus vannamei during zoea and mysis stage. Larvae were cultured in 30 L containers filled by 10 L at a density of 100 Larvae. During the experiment salinity was 30 ppt and the average of temperature , pH and DO were 31.4ºC ,8.03 and 5.3 mg/l respectively .Three diet treatment and three replicates consist of twomonospecific and 1 combination of two algae were designed. All treatments received Artemia naupli at 5/ml from M1 and micro bound diet at 6 mg/l/d. Survival and total length were measured in zoea and mysisstage.The result indicate that highest survival rate in Zoea (63.17±1 %) and mysis (45.3±1.2 %) was obtained in Chaetoceros (P0.05)but In mysis stage (4.44±0.09mm ) was obtained in combination of Chaetoceros muelleri and Arthrospira platensis ( P

Aldehydes are toxic environmental contaminants which cause severe health hazards. There is a growing need by industries and regulatory agencies for the development of tools able to assess the potential hazardous effects of chemicals on living organisms. In this background, multivariate image analysis combined with quantitative structure-toxicity relationships (MIA-QSTR) was used to evaluate the toxicity of aromatic aldehydes to Tetrahymena pyriformis. The techniques of genetic algorithm-partial least squares (GA-PLS) were applied effectively as MIA descriptor selection and mapping tools. In MIA-QSTR evaluation, pixels of 2D images of chemical structures could be used to recognize physicochemical information and predict changes in the toxicities. The resulting MIA-QSTR explains 90.3% leave-one-out predicted variance and 93.1% external predicted variance. The MIA-QSTR/GA-PLS performances were validated using various evaluation techniques such as cross-validation, applicability domain and Y-scrambling procedures, suggesting that the present methodology together with mechanistic interpretation may be useful to evaluate toxicity, safety and risk assessment of toxic environmental contaminants.

The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of replacing the fish oil by alternative lipid sources in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on growth, fatty acid profiles of muscle. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semipurified diets were formulated containing 100% rice bran oil (RBO), 100% linseed oil (LO), 100% Soybean oil (SO) and a 1:1:1:1 rice bran, linseed, soybean and fish oil mixture (MX) were compared to a pure fish oil (FO) diet. The diets were fed to apparent satiation twice a day to triplicate groups of 30 rainbow trout with an initial weight of 90g for 15 weeks at 12°C.At the end of the experiment, fillet samples were collected from fish for the measurement of fatty acid profile and fillet composition. Fish fed the FO diet had the highest weight gain over the experimental period (280.28 g), However no differences in growth rate and CF were observed across diet groups. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) ranged from 1.12 to 1.24. Significant difference in FCR was found in the group fed an FO diet. The fillet lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of the fish were significantly affected by the experimental diets. Fish fed the FO diet contained significantly lower lipid levels (20.18%) than those fed the 4 other diets. The highest level of n-3 PUFA concentrations were recorded in fish fed the LO diet (21.8) with significant difference than other diets and the lowest were in those fed the RBO diet (7.84). Fish fed the SO diet contained significantly higher level of n-6 PUFA concentrations (31.72) than other diets and the lowest were in those fed the FO diet (19.15). Fish on the FO diet had a significantly greater percentage of DHA (10.10%) in muscle tissue compared with fish on all other diets and the lowest was in those fed the RBO diet (2.81%). However, the highest level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations was recorded in fish fed the SO diet (1.84%) and the lowest in those fed the diet (0.67%). This study showed considerable reductions (about 3-fold) in the n-3/n-6 ratio when FO in the fish diet was replaced by rice bran and soybean oils, which may be extremely negative from a nutritional point of view. In other hand linseed oil had the highest n-3/n-6 ratio (0.91) that was comparable with fish oil n- 3/n-6 ratio (0.89). The results in this study imply that an appropriate mix of vegetable oils and FO can replace the sole use of FO in fish feeds.

Effect of freezing on the chemical quality and fatty acid composition of cultured shrimp muscle, Litopenaus vannamei were investigated by measuring moisture content, ash, total protein content, total lipid content, fatty acid composition, and Thio barbituric Acid (TBA) during 6 month keeping in frozen storage at 18°C. According to the results, moisture content (75.93% to 73.10%), ash (1.5% to 2.07%), total protein content (25.3% to 20.87%) and total lipid content (0.83% to 0.23%) changed during six month of frozen storage. PUFA (45.21%) content was higher than the SFA (30.08%) and MUFA (19.32%) content. The poly chain unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids and mono chain unsaturated fatty acids in shrimp muscle were C18:2n6 (15.32%), C20:5n3 (9.68%), C22:6n3 (8.48%), C16:0(15.18%), C18:0 (13.04%) and C18:1n9 (15.32%), respectively. The thio barbituric acid values (TBA) ranged from 0.0065 to 0.35 mg malonaldehyde/kg during freezing storage. The lipid stability of shrimp muscle, were in acceptable limit during frozen storage for up to 6 month.

Significant low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake by tumour cells led to the use of LDL as a discriminatory vehicle for the delivery of cytotoxic drugs. In the current study, the lipophilic elliptinium derivative, elliptinium-oleate (OL-NME), was incorporated into LDL to reach an incorporation level of 400 molecules per LDL particle. The OL-NME-LDL complex showed cytotoxic effects on normal human fibroblasts while the cytotoxicity was not observed on receptor-defective human fibroblasts, indicating the ability of the complex to be preferentially metabolised by the LDL receptor. In vivo metabolism of the complex was related to the LDL receptor pathway. The metabolic clearance was the same for native LDL (17.1 ml h-1) and OL-NME-LDL complex (16.2 ml h-1). LDL incorporated OL-NME enhanced the anti-tumour activity against murine B16 melanoma model; this resulted from increased efficacy for OL-NME-LDL at doses equal to free 9-OH-NME (157 vs 76 of Increase Life Span (ILS) (%) values after intraperitoneal (i.p.) drug injection on i.p. implanted tumour model and 45 vs -2 ILS (%) values after intravenous drug injection on subcutaneous implanted tumour model). These data suggest that LDL improves the potency of lipophilic cytotoxic drugs against tumours that express LDL receptor activity.