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The Covid-19 pandemic has transformed the world in general, and tourism in particular, and tourism destinations have made great efforts to integrate risk management. In this new framework, cooperation has proved essential to tackle the virus. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to identify the main measures carried out by and for the tourism sector to address Covid-19 and to check whether they have been elaborated as a possible certification. The research methodology was based, firstly, on a review of the existing literature on the concepts of tourism governance, cooperation and collaboration, tourism policy and standardization. Moreover, the measures carried out at national level for the tourism sector have been selected and analyzed, and the bodies involved in the development of these measures have been analyzed. The result achieved is that the measures carried out at national level for the tourism sector have proven to be effective, as they have resulted in a standard for Spanish tourist destinations, and their implementation is being promoted at international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the analysis of rooftop terraces in the city of Madrid (Spain) as an example of the new tourist demands in urban environments. In this way, they stand out as an example of an offer aimed to satisfy the needs of post-modern tourists who demand quality tourist experiences. The methodology was based firstly on a bibliographic review, secondly on the search for terraces through specialized web pages, fieldwork and their subsequent georeferencing, and finally in the analysis of the information. The spatial distribution of the terraces is presented, through updated cartography, carried out after the georeferencing of the terraces. It is worth noting that the rooftop terraces are directly linked to the offer of experiential and quality tourism demanded by tourists, while their geographical distribution shows their clear relationship with the most touristic area of the city of Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation of urban centres through tourist processes, is a topical aspect in the management of urban destinations that has numerous scientific contributions. Frequently, this process is presented as something detrimental, when the tourist attraction per se cannot be considered a negative factor. On the contrary, tourist activity can transform destinations in an attractive and positive way, both for tourists and residents. In this sense, in the centre of many cities, new quality tourist offers have appeared, linked to the boom in activity. Framed in this dynamic, the hotels, symbol of traditional tourism, have been reinvented and adapted to a new demand, or creating new tourist offers to attract it. One of the great current trends of urban hotels, and of other unique buildings in the city, is the adaptation of its top floor with roof terraces that attract not only hotel guests, but are also a quality leisure offer for the local population. The present work analyzes this reality in the city of Madrid, embarked in all these processes. It has been observed how the distribution and location of the hotel terraces, frequently recently created, respond to a classic pattern, encompassing the most tourist areas of the city of Madrid. Among other advances, the updated cartography resulting from the field work carried out is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced employment in the Spanish tourism sector from a gender perspective and aims to infer its impact on sustainability. We use employment data from 2002 (Q1) to 2020 (Q4) on women and men in the Spanish hospitality sector and employ fractional integration methods to determine the temporary scope of the shock. Our results suggest that the impact of the pandemic will have a permanent effect, unless strong policy measures are adopted to resume pre-crisis trends. We also found that persistence is higher for women's than for men's employment. Therefore, women seem to be more vulnerable to the shocks of COVID-19, making sustainable development of tourism in Spain more difficult. Based on our results, we offer policy recommendations to counter the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender equality and tourism sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish tourism sector, and specifically its labor force, has been severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. According to official data, the aftermaths are variated concerning diversity of regions, territorial typologies, and segments of the tourism industry. In addition, differential impacts can be observed by sex. This paper deepens into the impacts, both territorial and gendered, in tourism employment as a consequence of the first wave of the pandemic (spring 2020). Selected structural variables related, both to the characteristics of the territories and to the activity, have been considered. The first step in the study has been setting up a database concerning structural and short-term indicators, at the provincial and municipal levels. Thematic cartography and principal component analysis have been carried out, complemented with spatial autocorrelation analysis (Moran's Index). The study reveals that highly specialized tourist locations (sun and beach places), were very vulnerable, related to the drop of the international demand. On the contrary, rural mountain areas have shown high levels of resilience, according to the preferences of national tourism during the summer of 2020. Female labor in the tourist industry also experienced a significant decrease, although its behavior is quite similar to the activity as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]