Search

Cilj ovog rada bio je razriješiti pitanje uzroka i razloga pobune iz 1920. pritom uzimajući u obzir široke političke, ekonomske i socijalne implikacije toga vremena. Najznačajniji procesi koji se dešavaju usporedno sa seljačkom pobunom jesu politizacija, postupna demokratizacija i (hrvatska) nacionalna integracija seljaštva. Glavna agrarno-seljačka stranka toga vremena, Hrvatska seljačka stranka već je u godinama prije Prvog svjetskog rata bila glavni zastupnik seljaka i njihovih interesa. Uvođenjem općeg prava glasa (za muškarce) u novoformiranom Kraljevstvu SHS, u političkom smislu stranka se u potpunosti okoristila svojim predratnim i ratnim politikama usmjerenim prema seljacima i postala stožerna stranka hrvatskih seljaka. Uloga stranke u pobuni, pak, predstavlja predmet za široku raspravu; s jedne strane, vodstvo stranke kroz pobunu djeluje gotovo nezainteresirano, sramežljivo se javljajući kroz svoja glasila o događajima u pobuni u kojoj je 15 seljaka ubijeno, više od stotinu pretučeno i ranjeno, a nekoliko stotina zatvoreno bez sudske presude. S druge strane, odmah po završetku pobune, stranka se aktivirala u pravnoj zaštiti seljaka na sudovima, žestoko ih braneći u svojim glasilima kao i optužujući počinitelje, žandarmeriju i vojsku za prekomjernu uporabu sile. Propagirala je istaknute članove pobune stavivši ih na svoje kandidacijske liste za Ustavotvornu skupštinu na izborima u studenom te godine. Dualnost HSS-ove politike čini se kompleksnijom ako znamo da je stranka nakon pobune stekla još i veći ugled među seljaštvom unatoč oklijevanju i pokazanoj pasivnosti prema događajima u rujnu 1920. Pokazalo se da je neuspješnost pobune prisilila seljake na drugačiji pristup političkoj borbi gdje se nametnuo HSS-ovski pristup mirne i legalističke reprezentacije kroz zakonodavne institucije društva. This thesis attempts to resolve the question of causes and reasons for the rebellion of 1920 taking into account the wider political, economic and social implications of that period. The most important processes ocurring simultaneously with the peasant riots are politization, gradual democratization and the general (Croatian) national integration of the peasantry. The main peasant party of the time, Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) has been for some time the main representative of peasant interest and with the introduction of universal suffrage in the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes became the sole beneficiary of its succesful politics aimed mainly at the peasantry. The role of the party in the rebellion, however, has been a matter of a heated debate; on one side the party and its leadership have been mostly silent throughout the main events of the riot which had seen 15 peasants killed and several hundred beaten and wounded with numerous arrested without proper legal conviction. On the other hand, right after the end of the rebellion, the party actively engaged in protecting peasants from the accusations in numerous court cases and vigorously demanding their release as well as punishment for the perpetrators through its magazines and newspapers. The duality of the HSS politics has ironically brought them with time even greater support from the peasantry despite not being there for them during the great riots in the fall of 1920. As a result of the failed rebellion, the peasants quickly gave up on violence as a method of political struggle in exchange for legitimate political representation provided to them through democratically elected representatives.

Self-assembling peptides have emerged as promising candidates for a wide range of applications, ranging from drug delivery vehicles to scaffolds for tissue engineering and catalytic nanomaterials. In particular, amyloid-like β- sheets formed by histidine-rich peptides have recently shown both hydrolytic activity and structural modularity in response to single amino acid mutations, raising interest in the structure- sequence dependence of their catalytic activity. An explanation for why certain amyloid-forming peptides lose their catalytic function could aid in the development of new peptides with improved activities. In this study, we investigated how changes at the sequence level affect Zn(II) coordination and the formation of supramolecular structures, leading to an obstruction of potential active sites in aggregated states. A series of molecular dynamics simulations (MD) were performed with six linear and cyclic peptides: Ac-IHIHINI-Am, Ac-IHINIHI-Am, cyclo-[IHIHINIE], cyclo-[IHINIHIE], cyclo- [IhIHINIE], and cyclo-[IhIhINIE] to assess whether the increase of rigidity influences the metal coordination. These peptides were simulated in solutions with different ZnCl2 concentrations using all-atom MD with CHARMM36m force fields in GROMACS to determine the effects of Zn(II) on aggregation, the different aggregation patterns of the six peptides, and the correct coordination of Zn(II), which is essential for catalytic activity. To confirm the aggregation time, Zn(II) coordination, and formation of self-assembled structures, we measured the center-of-mass distance of individual peptides, the pairwise distances of Zn(II) ions and histidines and analyzed clustering in systems containing 6 and 24 peptide monomers. Our results indicate that the presence of Zn(II)ions affects the peptide aggregation behavior and that changes in sequence composition, chirality, or cyclization of peptides affect the aggregation/self-assembly propensity. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of center- of-mass distance measurements as a quantitative measure of peptide aggregation that can be used to complement simulation-based approaches. In conclusion, we noticed that the changes of amino acid disposition in the sequence that strongly affect supramolecular behavior also led to disruption/loss of peptide function.

HIV je virus koji uzrokuje AIDS, a naziv je nastao od kratice engleskog naziva Human Immunodeficency Virus. Godine 1983. francuski virulozi Luc Montagnier i Francoise Barre-Siroussi izolirali su HIV za što su 2008. godine dobili Nobelovu nagradu za medicinu. U svijetu je, prema procjenama Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije, krajem 2021. godine bilo 37, 7 milijuna ljudi koji žive s HIV- om. Iste godine je zabilježeno 1, 5 milijuna novooboljelih, a 650 000 ljudi umrlo je od posljedica ove bolesti. Prema preliminarnim podacima Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo, u razdoblju od 1985. godine, kada je zabilježen prvi slučaj zaraze HIV-om u Hrvatskoj, do 2022. godine zabilježeno je ukupno 2004 osobe oboljele od HIV-a što je svrstava u zemlje niskog rizika. Cilj ovog postera je razbiti mitove i predrasude o HIV pozitivnim pacijentima te upoznati publiku s oralnim manifestacijama HIV-a u kliničkoj praksi.

Ester hydrolysis is of wide biomedical interest, spanning from the green synthesis of pharmaceuticals to biomaterials' development. Existing peptide-based catalysts exhibit low catalytic efficiency compared to natural enzymes, due to the conformational heterogeneity of peptides. Moreover, there is lack of understanding of the correlation between the primary sequence and catalytic function. First, we statistically analyzed 22 EC 3.1 hydrolases with known catalytic triads, characterized by unique mechanisms. We extended this analysis to 974 homologues to verify the identified microenvironment motifs. The aim was to identify patterns at the sequence level that will better inform the creation of short peptides containing important information for catalysis, based on the catalytic triad, oxyanion holes and the triad residues microenvironments. The results showed highly conserved catalytic sites with distinct positional patterns, chemical microenvironments that favor catalysis and revealed variations in catalytic site composition that could be useful for the design of minimalistic catalysts. Next, linear and cyclic peptides were synthesized and their ability to catalyze pNPA hydrolysis was tested. The control over catalytic performance of peptides was achieved through modifications at the sequence level and by varying the chemical environment.

Advances in the digitization of biochemical sciences have produced protein sequence databases and advanced statistical methods for identifying sequence patterns. The accessibility of these data and methods allowed us to study ester hydrolase mechanisms in detail. Ester bond cleavage is of wide biomedical interest, ranging from the green synthesis of pharmaceuticals to the development of biomaterials. Previous attempts to produce industrially viable biocatalysts that perform this reaction have been unsuccessful. Large enzymes with efficient catalysis are intolerant to industrial conditions, while the alternatives based on short peptides were catalytically inefficient. To date, the design of peptides for ester hydrolysis was mostly focused on three catalytic residues without considering their microenvironment or oxyanion holes. Moreover, the correlation between the primary sequence and the catalytic function is not well known. For this reason, we screened 22 EC 3.1 enzymes with unique mechanisms and diverse evolutionary lineages for patterns in microenvironments surrounding their triad residues. This was investigated using statistical methods based on sequence alignments. The results revealed highly conserved catalytic sites with distinct positional patterns, chemical microenvironments conducive to catalysis, and variations in the composition of catalytic sites that could be useful for the development of minimalistic catalysts [1]. [1] M. Babić, P. Janković, S. Marchesan, G. Mauša, D. Kalafatovic, Esterase Sequence Composition Patterns for the Identification of Catalytic Triad Microenvironment Motifs, Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 2022, in press.

Ester hydrolysis is of wide biomedical interest, ranging from the environmentally friendly synthesis of pharmaceuticals to the development of biomaterials. Existing peptide-based catalysts exhibit low catalytic efficiency compared to natural enzymes, which is due to the conformational heterogeneity of peptides. Moreover, the correlation between the primary sequence and the catalytic function is not yet well understood. First, we statistically analyzed 22 enzymes that use unique triad mechanisms to perform ester hydrolysis (EC 3.1). We extended this analysis to 974 homologues to verify the identified microenvironment motifs. The goal was to identify sequence-level patterns that will better inform the creation of short peptides that contain important information for catalysis based on the catalytic triad, oxyanion holes, and microenvironments of triad residues. The results showed highly conserved catalytic sites with distinct positional patterns, chemical microenvironments conducive to catalysis, and revealed variations in the composition of catalytic sites that could be useful for the design of minimalistic catalysts. Linear and cyclic peptides were then synthesized and their ability to catalyze pNPA hydrolysis was tested. Control over the catalytic performance of peptides was achieved through modifications at the sequence level and by varying the chemical environment.

Preservatives are natural or synthetic substances added to products in order to inhibit or retard spoilage (development of microorganisms). Their application can improve not only product’s shelf life by preventing microbial deterioration, but also its initial properties and appearance. Preservatives are especially important in the preservation of water-based products with biodegradable constituents. Waste emulsion for road construction was homogenized and enhanced by additives. Emulsion properties such as its appearance, odour and physical changes were observed in order to determine its stability. It was found that an additivized emulsion was susceptible to microbial deterioration only 7 days after its preparation. In this research, application of four different preservatives (sodium acetate, sodium benzoate, potassium metabisulfite and Preventol® B2) was investigated in order to prolong shelf life of an enhanced waste emulsion. Emulsions with various concentrations of preservatives were prepared and monitored daily during eight weeks for changes in appearance and odour caused by microbial deterioration. It was found that the addition of sodium benzoate and potassium metabisulfite in lowest tested concentrations (0.25 g preservative per 100 g non-additivized emulsion) was successful in preventing microbial deterioration since no changes in odour or appearance have occurred throughout eight weeks. However, detailed microbiological investigation should be obtained in order to confirm these findings.

Rational design of proteins and peptides is a growing field that requires knowledge of protein function down to the amino acid level. Understanding protein geometry and amino acid composition is crucial for understanding molecular and supramolecular chemistry in protein design. In this thesis, the focus is put on active sites of natural enzymes and the drivers of catalytic function in said active sites. The analysis of natural enzyme active sites was done with the purpose of having a set of criteria for building synthetic peptides with identical catalytic function and to broaden enzyme understanding. A data set was built to analyze enzymes from the EC 3.1. (Hydrolases acting on ester bonds) subclass looking at both amino acid content and geometry of active site residues. Patterns in existing data were searched by statistically analyzing 96 esterases. In this process, 22 enzymes with known catalytic triads were selected for further evaluation. Based on the primary structure of the selected enzymes, the composition profiles were created for: (1) the full sequence, (2) the “long active site” including the residues between the first and the last active amino acid, (3) the “short active site” containing only active residues and (4) the “catalytic loop” which looked at 4 residues from each side of the sequence from the catalytic residues. To analyze the dataset two approaches were used. The first approach was based on composition and chemical property analysis. The second approach consisted in using crystal structure PDB files obtained via X-ray, only considering a resolution below 3,0 Å and in measuring the residue geometries in PyMol. The results showed that the distances within which natural enzymes function are less than 1Å in variation and that the angles conform within a 10% variation in the interquartile range compared to the average angle. Moreover, the qualitative amino acid analysis showed an increase of non-polar and a decrease in basic, hydroxylic and polar residues near the catalytically active residues. This suggests a strict functional geometry for the optimal enzymatic activity as well as a specific local amino acid content tolerated in active sites. These findings will allow the development of algorithms for prediction and optimization of enzyme functions and of new theoretical models of modular peptide design., Racionalni dizajn proteina i peptida je polje koje zahtijeva razumijevanje funkcije proteina do razine aminokiselina. Ovo znanje obuhvaća razumijevanje geometrije i sastava aktivnih aminokiselinskih ostataka. Ovaj rad će se fokusirati na aktivna mjesta prirodnih enzima i pokretače katalitičke funkcije u njima. Izvršena analiza ima za svrhu razradu seta kriterija za izgradnju sintetičkih peptida s istom katalitičkom funkcijom, te općenito produbljivanje razumijevanja enzima. Izgrađen je skup podataka EC 3.1. podklase (hidrolaze esterskih veza) kako bi se analizirao sastav i geometrija aminokiselina aktivnog mjesta. Uzorci u podatcima istraženi su analizom 96 esteraza. Tijekom tog procesa, 22 enzima izdvojeno je na kriteriju posjedovanja katalitičke trijade za daljnju analizu. Temeljeno na primarnoj sekvenci odabranih enzima stvoreni su profili sastava za (1) cijelu sekvencu enzima, (2) “dugo aktivno mjesto” koje je uključivalo sve aminokiseline od prvog do zadnjeg aktivnog bočnog lanca, (3) “kratko aktivno mjesto” koje je sadržavalo isključivo bočne lance katalitički aktivnih aminokiselina i (4) “katalitičku petlju” koja je sadržavala 4 aminokiseline sa svake strane aktivnog bočnog lanca. Korištena su dva pristupa od kojih su prvim analizirani sastavi i kemijska svojstva dok su se u drugom koristile kristalne strukture PDB datoteka dobivenih X-zrakama rezolucija ispod 3,0 Å kako bi se izmjerile geometrije bočnih lanaca. Rezultati su pokazali kako su udaljenosti aktivnih bočnih lanaca unutar kojih prirodni enzimi vrše funkciju manji od 1Å variacije te kutevi između njih ne variraju više od 10% od prosječnog kuta aktivne aminokiseline u svom interkvartalnom rasponu. Nadalje, kvantitativna analiza aminokiselina blizu aktivnih bočnih lanaca pokazuje povećanje non-polarnih i smanjenje u bazičnim, hidroksilnim i polarnim aminokiselinama. Ovi rezultati prikazuju strogu funkcionalnu geometriju za optimalnu enzimatsku aktivnost, kao i postojanje specifičnog aminokiselinskog sastava koji aktivna mjesta toleriraju. Ovo istraživanje može potencijalno razviti algoritme za predviđanje i optimizaciju enzimatskih funkcija i nove teoretske modele za modularni dizajn peptida.

Arthur Koestler and George Orwell were amongst the many intellectuals who rushed to Spain when the civil war broke out in 1936. Both went to Spain as news correspondents, but neither of them reported on the conflict per se. Koestler, at the time member of the Communist Party of Germany, was on a mission sent by the Communist International to gather evidence of the German and Italian governments breaching the Non-Intervention Agreement, while Orwell joined one of the many Leftist militias as soon as he arrived in Barcelona. They turned their experiences into memoirs which are one of the first illustrations of the way totalitarian regimes operate. Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia is a harsh criticism of the influence the Soviet Union had on the Republican government because it helped the Government forces hamper the revolutionary process in the Republican zone. Koestler, on the other hand, wrote Spanish Testament as a work of Communist propaganda that aimed at representing the conflict as a progressive, not revolutionary, struggle against Fascism. Still, despite the fact that both authors take firm political stances in their books, they grapple with various topics such as the possibility of a revolutionary transformation of capitalist society. Also, both works describe totalitarian methods that were employed both in the Nationalist and the Republican zones. There are two main differences between their memoirs. The first lies in the fact that Koestler was a committed Communist during his stay in Spain while Orwell had been critical of the Soviet regime before departing for Spain. The second has to do with the part of Spain that both authors were more familiar with. Orwell spent all of his time in Spain on the territory controlled by the Republican forces, whilst Koestler spent a great deal of time in the Nationalist zone. Their memoirs also carry a personal note because both authors had near-death experiences. Because of their experiences during the conflict, both authors would leave Spain with different outlooks on the 1930s reality.

The main aim of circular economy is to eliminate waste by continual use of resources. Circular systems employ reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling to create a closed-loop system, minimizing the use of resource inputs and the creation of waste and pollution, including the carbon emissions. Waste materials and energy become an integral part or resource for another industrial process or natural cycles such as compost production. Thus, petroleum waste can be used for the production of insulating materials or water in oil emulsions with specific use in road construction. In this study the general thermal and calorimetric behavior of water in oil emulsions of various compositions were analyzed by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Further, the same techniques were used for the precise determination of water content, thermal and oxidative stability.

Kroz evoluciju, zube promatramo kao bitnu sastavnicu povijesti čovječanstva. Zubi su se smatrali sjedištem duše pa su se vadili i čuvali na sigurnom mjestu. Ljudi od davnina mijenjaju svoje tijelo, pa tako i zube, namjernim ili nenamjernim promjenama poput bušenja zuba i postavljanja raznih umetaka, punjenja, ekstrakcija i bojanja. Primjerice, zlatni mostovi kod Etruščana bili su znak prestiža u društvu, dok su Rimljani uklanjali pokvarene zube, a klimave pričvršćivali zlatnim krunicama. U Engleskoj, prije par stoljeća, umjetne zube imali su samo imućni građani. Ohaguro, bojenje zuba u crnu boju se čak i u današnje vrijeme primjenjuje kod gejša koje na taj način iskazuju svoju ljepotu. Turpijanje kanina ili oštrenje rubova inciziva primjenjivali su Maye, Asteci i Inke kako bi slavili boga Sunca koji je i sam prikazan sa naoštrenim zubima. U današnje vrijeme takve metode modifikacije primjenjuju se u Africi, kao i ukrašavanje zuba nakitom. Estetska stomatologija u posljednje je vrijeme izrazito popularna, iako je posvuda u svijetu pojam ljepote različit. Bitno je prevenirati patološke procese koji mogu nastati uslijed raznih modifikacija. Bušenje obraza ili usana, što je danas moderno, može dovesti do komplikacija poput oštećenja parotidne žlijezde ili recesija gingive.

U ovom radu opisan je utjecaj ugljičnih punila na toplinska i električna svojstva nezasićene poliester imidne smole (smole DB) odnosno priređenih nanokompozita. U radu je korišteno pet vrsta ugljičnih punila, a njihov maseni udio je 0, 5 %, 1 % i 5 %. Kao punilo korišene su nanočestica aktivnog ugljena (CC), duge višestjenčane ugljikove nanocijevi (CT), kratke višestjenčane ugljikove nanocijevi (CK), duge višestjenčane ugljikove nanocijevi funkcionalizirane s karboksilnom skupinom (CDH) i kratke višestjenčane ugljikove nanocijevi s karboksilnom skupinom (CO). U zagradama su navedene njihove skraćene oznake. Sintetiziranim nanokompozitima određena su toplinska i električna svojstva. Toplinska mjerenja su uključivala određivanje toplinske vodljivosti metodom ''vrućeg mosta'' (THB). Toplinska stabilnost nanokompozita kao i maseni udio punila promatrani su termogravimetrijskom metodom (TGA). Vizualnom procjenom pokušao se odrediti utjecaj sedimentacije na raspodjelu punila u smoli te prisutnost određenih defekata. Mjerenjem električne vodljivosti praćena su i električna svojstva, metodom četiri točke.

Emulsions are defined as thermodynamically unstable systems of two or more immiscible liquids in which one phase is dispersed in another. Stability of emulsion refers to the ability of emulsions to resist changes in physicochemical properties over a period of time. Destabilization of emulsions can occur as gravitational separation (creaming / sedimentation), flocculation, coalescence, phase inversion and Ostwald ripening. Factors affecting the stability of emulsions are preparation conditions, the composition of the emulsion and the properties of the dispersed phase (concentration and size of droplets, droplet charge, interactions). The fastest and cheapest method of stability monitoring is visual monitoring of the separation of the emulsion’s phases. However, the stability of emulsions containing droplets smaller than 100 μm can't be detected visually. Optical microscopy is widely used as a simple technique that allows monitoring of the stability of emulsions, size and distribution of droplets in the emulsion over a long period of time. In this way the destabilization can be monitored by visual observation of the size of droplet and phase separation. In this work, the stability of prepared emulsions was monitored using optical microscopy by taking samples from the top, middle and bottom of the container and observing the stability at 10x and 20x magnification over some period of time.

This is a case of a 35-year-old patient who was selected to participate in the humanitarian project of a complete oral rehabilitation and quality of life improvement. The project was carried out by the dean, professors, teaching assistants and students at the Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health in Osijek. Patient’s oral cavity status was incongruent with his age due to the extensive inflammatory disease and active caries on multiple teeth. Further progression of dental disease in this patient would have led to a complete loss of function, alveolar ridge resorption and edentulousness of the both jaws. Clinical examination revealed the following: decay of the teeth 18, 13, 12, 23, 33, 43 (FDI system), dental attrition of teeth 32, 31, 41, 42, root remnants 15, 14, 11, 24, 26, 27, 38, 37, 36, 35 and 34, periodontitis and periapical periodontitis. Ex- tensive dental reparative work has been done in this patient and he was prepared for the upcoming prosthetic work.

Ester resin has electrical insulating properties and low thermal conductivity. With the addition of nano-sized carbon fillers, a polymer nanocomposite with higher thermal and electrical conductivity can be produced. The interface and adhesive interactions between polymer matrix and filler have a significant impact on the properties of polymer nanocomposites. Five types of carbon fillers were used in this paper: carbon black nanoparticles (CB), long multi-walled (L-MWCNT), short multi-walled (S-MWCNT), long multi-walled functionalized with carboxyl group (L-MWCNT-COOH) and short multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxyl group (S-MWCNT-COOH) with mass fractions of 0.5, 1 and 5 wt %. Thermal properties were determined by measuring thermal conductivity by the “hot bridge“ method and the thermal stability of prepared nanocomposites were observed by thermogravimetric method (TGA). The addition of 1 and 5 wt % of carbon nanoparticles increases the thermal conductivity and did not affect the thermal stability.

Environmental protection issues and rational use of natural resources are becoming the focus of attention nowadays. It has been found that the construction of road infrastructure is one of the most polluting activities. Road construction is accompanied by a number of processes that directly or indirectly affect the environment. Dust, noise and vibrations are the three most damaging effects of road construction and management. However, good condition of pavement could have a significant influence on noise and vibration reduction, fuel consumption, reduction of CO2 emissions, and even on road accidents. Optimizing industrial processes, creating a quality infrastructure and making it as sustainable as possible is a step towards the environment protection during road construction. Circular economy is an approach to sustainable development which creates value and prosperity through extending product lifespan and relocating waste from the end of the supply chain to the beginning. In a circular economy, materials for new products come from old products by reusing, re-manufacturing or recycling. It is said that the circular economy could save European businesses up to $630 billion a year. Waste oil from oil refinery plants mixed with water and a biopolymer creates a water emulsion suitable for using in construction of road infrastructure. The aim of this work is to determine the thermal stability of waste oil/water emulsion. Emulsion stability was investigated by conducting rheology measurements at 30 °C and 60 °C, microscopy analysis of droplet size distribution and subjecting emulsion to laboratory centrifuge at elevated temperatures.

This is a case of a 35-year-old patient who was selected to participate in the humanitarian project of a complete oral rehabilitation and quality of life improvement. The project was carried out by the dean, professors, teaching assistants and students at the Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health in Osijek. Patient’s oral cavity status was incongruent with his age due to the extensive inflammatory disease and active caries on multiple teeth. Further progression of dental disease in this patient would have led to a complete loss of function, alveolar ridge resorption and edentulousness of the both laws. Clinical examination revealed the following: decay of the teeth 18, 13, 12, 23, 33, 43 (FDI system), dental attrition of teeth 32, 31, 41, 42, root remnants 15, 14, 11, 24, 26, 27, 38, 37, 36, 35 and 34, periodontitis and periapical periodontitis. Extensive dental reparative work has been done in this patient and he was prepared for the upcoming prosthetic work.

U radu se analiziraju pojedinci koje je početkom 1950-ih u Narodnoj Republici Hrvatskoj partijski vrh obilježio "đilasovcima" zbog njihova zalaganja za daljnju "demokratizaciju" jugoslavenskog socijalizma. Ovi su se intelektualci zalagali za borbu protiv birokratizma, veću razinu poštivanja vladavine prava, te više odgovornosti i transparentnosti partijskih funkcionera prema njihovim biračima. Njihovo je djelovanje bilo omogućeno Šestim kongresom Saveza komunista Jugoslavije iz 1952. godine kada se u listovima poput Naprijeda, Narodnog lista i Vjesnika u srijedu pojavljuju tekstovi koji kritički progovaraju o socijalističkoj stvarnosti. Njihovo je javno djelovanje prekinuto 1954. godine kada je partijski vrh na federalnom i republičkom nivou odlučio da im u kontekstu ponovnog približavanju Socijalističkom Savezu Sovjetskih Republika "demokratizacijske" snage više štete no koriste. U radu se pokušava odgovoriti na pitanje jesu li "đilasovci" opravdano bili dovođeni u vezu s Milovanom Đilasom, glavnim ideologom "demokratizacije", koje su sličnosti, a koje razlike u njihovim razmišljanjima, i koja je bila razlika u motivaciji njihova djelovanja. Osim toga, u radu se testira teza u "đilasovcima" kao prvim disidentima u komunističkoj Hrvatskoj.

Resilience is a relatively new concept that lacks clarity although it is increasingly used in everyday conversation and across various disciplines. The term was first introduced into psychology and psychiatry from technical sciences and afterwards thorough medicine and healthcare. It represents a complex set of various protective and salutogenic factors and process important for understanding health and illness, and treatment and healing processes. It is defined as a protective factor that makes an individual more resilient to adverse events that lead to positive developmental outcomes. Resilience is a positive adaptation after stressful situations and it represents mechanisms of coping and rising above difficult experiences, i.e., the capacity of a person to successfully adapt to change, resist the negative impact of stressors and avoid occurrence of significant dysfunctions. It represents the ability to return to the previous, so-called "normal" or healthy condition after trauma, accident, tragedy, or illness. In other words, resilience refers to the ability to cope with difficult, stressful and traumatic situations while maintaining or restoring normal functioning. The higher the resilience, the lower the vulnerability and risk of illness. Resilient individuals tend to be optimistic, have a tendency to see everything as a useful experience, focus on personal strengths and qualities, use constructive criticism, develop close relationships with others, have developed social skills, and are emotionally conscious. Good resilience aggravates and prevents the onset of disease, provides good heath, facilitates and accelerates healing, and provides productive life and a sense of well-being despite chronic illness. Resilience experts believe that anyone can strengthen their resilience and thus contribute to the advancement of health and, if ill, ease the illness, accelerate and facilitate healing.

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the population of women under 40 years of age. Young age is the independent factor for poor prognosis. In this research, we tried to establish other factors for poor prognosis in breast cancer stage I- III. Materials and methods The following parameters were observed: tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, hormonal receptor status, Ki-67 prognostic index, Her2 neu status histological type of the tumor, local recurrence, and metastases. Logistic regression has been used to evaluate the influence of specific factors on the probability of a deadly outcome and the development of distant metastases. Results Our patients were found to have the predominance of tumor T1 (49, 4%), had positive lymph nodes (62%), most of them were pN1 61, 2%. Up to one-third of patients have had triple- negative status. Ki-67 proliferation index was high 25%. We have found an incidence of multicentric tumors in 23% of patients. There was no difference in OS between two types of surgical procedures. Patients with pN0 status have had better OS. Conclusion Breast cancer in the population of young women has a more aggressive nature. The Independent factor of poor prognosis of breast cancer stage I- III is positive lymph node status.

Every country has its own model of economic diplomacy that corresponds or is adapted primarily to the level of economic development but also to the political system, legislation, cultural and civilizational heritage and tradition and the social model applied by the specific country. In accordance with the existing literature in the area of economic diplomacy and the practice exercised by countries, it may be asserted that there exist five standard models internationally recognized (unified model, partially unified model, the model of the third agency, competition model, abandonment model). Nevertheless, in practice many countries use a modified form of a certain model or a combination of several of them, which in consequence suits most appropriately characteristics and development level of each country. In addition, it will be presented in this dissertation that the strategy of economic diplomacy recognized four different approaches, namely traditional, niche-focused, evolving and innovative. These differences are reflected in the way the country deals with external management of economy, which bodies manage different policies, the role played by stakeholders outside the state administration, which body is responsible for the export and trade promotion and foreign investments attraction etc. Regardless of the model that particular country decided to adopt and apply, several key elements determine the success and efficiency of economic diplomacy. These are the following: the inclusion of more stakeholders in the creation and implementation of economic diplomacy, integration or alignment of the foreign affairs and foreign economic relations structure, greater accent on the increase of exports and foreign investment attraction as the two top priorities, quality regulatory and legislative framework necessary for the creation of much-wanted conditions when the promotion of export and trade and the attraction of foreign investments are at stake and last but not the least, highly efficient implementing measures. It is the indisputable fact that in the globalised world and economy the importance of economic diplomacy is greater than ever before with the tendency of further growth, especially bearing in mind numerous and rapid changes on the geopolitical map of the world. The optimal way to determine the extent of economic diplomacy’s relevance and influence is by checking the effects that economic diplomacy has on the economy and the promotion of the state. In that way, it is possible to determine precisely whether economic diplomacy through the activities performed and services provided is really effective or better say whether and to what extent that proves to be beneficial for companies, i.e. the business community, and the country as a whole. With this aim in mind, the author has conducted a scientific research in the form of interviews with representatives of the diplomatic corps in Croatia, i.e. highly ranked diplomats, whose results will be presented here. As far as the Republic of Croatia is concerned, it is more than clear that since the proclamation of independence, the above-mentioned global trend of ever greater role of economic diplomacy has not been followed, and thus the results achieved are not at a satisfactory level. Nevertheless, it should be acknowledged that the economic position of Croatia has improved in the last two years compared to how it was in the period from 2008 to 2016. Consequently, the question that is implied automatically is whether and to what extent have these results arrived owing it to economic diplomacy. This doctoral dissertation will analyse Croatia's economic position in accordance with parameters that are important for economic diplomacy and also evaluate the existing national model or organizational structure of economic diplomacy. A key part of the doctoral dissertation with regard to the Republic of Croatia refers to the scientific research in the form of survey that was conducted by the author with recipients of the economic diplomacy services, i.e. representatives of the Croatian business community. Based on results obtained, it will become possible not only to present concrete conclusions and assessment of the economic diplomacy as a discipline but also to do that in relation to the existing Croatian model, its specific features and disadvantages. Finally, clear and concrete recommendations will be presented as regards the need for change and the necessity to introduce and apply a new model of economic diplomacy in the Republic of Croatia. Svaka država ima vlastiti model gospodarske diplomacije koji odgovara odnosno prilagođen je primarno razini gospodarske razvijenosti ali isto tako i političkom sustavu, zakonodavstvu, kulturnom i civilizacijskom nasljeđu i tradiciji te socijalnom modelu koji pripadajuća zemlja primjenjuje. Sukladno postojećoj literaturi uvriježenoj u području gospodarske diplomacije te praksi koju pojedine države primjenjuju, može se slobodno ustvrditi kako postoji pet modela gospodarske diplomacije koji su međunarodno priznati (unificirani model, djelomično unificirani model, model treće agencije, model natjecanja, model prepuštanja) pri čemu je bitno istaknuti kako brojne države koriste modificirani oblik nekog od modela ili kombinaciju više njih što u konačnici najbolje odgovara specifičnostima i razvijenosti pojedinih zemalja. Nadalje, u ovoj disertaciji bit će prezentirano kako strategije gospodarske diplomacije poznaju četiri pristupa: tradicionalni, sektorski usmjeren, razvojni te inovativni. Razlike među spomenutim modelima se očituju u načinu na koji države pristupaju vanjskom upravljanju gospodarstvom, koje institucije upravljaju različitim politikama, ulozi koju imaju dionici izvan sustava državne uprave, koje tijelo odnosno institucija je zadužena za promociju izvoza i trgovine te privlačenje inozemnih investicija i drugo. Neovisno o modelu za koji se određena država odlučila, nekoliko ključnih elemenata određuju uspjeh gospodarske diplomacije. To su: uključivanje više dionika u kreiranje i implementaciju gospodarske diplomacije, integracija ili usklađivanje struktura za vanjske poslove i vanjske gospodarske odnose, veći naglasak na povećanju izvoza i privlačenju inozemnih investicija kao dva ključna prioriteta, kvalitetan regulatorni i zakonodavni okvir koji je neophodan za stvaranje željenih uvjeta koji će olakšati promicanje izvoza i trgovine te privlačenje investicija kao i veća učinkovitost provedbenih mjera. Neosporna jest činjenica da je u globaliziranom svijetu i ekonomiji značaj gospodarske diplomacije veći nego ikad prije i to s tendencijom daljnjeg rasta imajući na umu brojne i brze promjene na geopolitičkoj karti svijeta. Optimalan način za utvrditi koliki je zapravo značaj i utjecaj gospodarske diplomacije jest kroz provjeru učinaka koje gospodarska diplomacija ima na gospodarstvo i promociju države. Na taj način moguće je precizno odrediti da li je gospodarska diplomacija putem aktivnosti koje poduzima i usluga koje pruža zaista djelotvorna odnosno da li i u kojoj mjeri korist od nje imaju tvrtke tj. poslovna zajednica a samim time i država. Upravo s tim ciljem autor je proveo znanstveno istraživanje u formi intervju-a s predstavnicima diplomatskog zbora u Hrvatskoj tj. visoko rangiranim diplomatima, a čiji rezultati će biti ovdje prezentirani. Što se tiče Republike Hrvatske, više je nego jasno kako od proglašenja samostalnosti i neovisnosti nije niti približno praćen gore spomenuti globalni trend rasta uloge gospodarske diplomacije a samim time niti postignuti rezultati nisu na zadovoljavajućoj razini. Ipak, valja priznati kako je gospodarska slika u Republici Hrvatskoj u posljednje dvije godine ipak nešto bolja nego što je to bio slučaj u razdoblju od 2008. do 2016. godine. Shodno tome, pitanje koje se samo po sebi nameće jest da li je i koliko tim rezultatima doprinijela gospodarska diplomacija. Ova doktorska disertacija analizirat će gospodarsku sliku Hrvatske prema parametrima značajnim za gospodarsku diplomaciju ali i ocijeniti postojeći nacionalni model odnosno organizacijsku strukturu gospodarske diplomacije. Ključni dio doktorske disertacije vezan uz Republiku Hrvatsku odnosi se na znanstveno istraživanje odnosno anketu koju je autor proveo među korisnicima usluga gospodarske diplomacije odnosno predstavnicima hrvatske poslovne zajednice, a temeljem čijih rezultata će biti moguće donijeti konkretne zaključke i ocjene kako o samoj gospodarskoj diplomaciji kao disciplini, tako i o postojećem hrvatskom modelu, njegovim značajkama i nedostacima. Na kraju, bit će iznesene jasne i konkretne preporuke glede potrebe za promjenama odnosno nužnosti uvođenja i primjene novog modela gospodarske diplomacije u Republici Hrvatskoj.

Autori razmatraju problematiku propisa koji nisu dvojbeni sa stajališta njiohve protivnosti prirodnom (višem) pravu i ustavnim normama, već onih koji sadrže norme protivne prirodnim zakonitostima ili društevnim mogučnostima te zdravom razumu/pravilima lagike ili su iznimno štetni.

The aim of this case report is present socket preservation technique using biphasic calcium phosphate in injectable form, in combination with porcine collagen membrane.

U ovom radu dan je teorijski pregled stanja tehnike senzora atmosferske korozije. Atmosferska korozija bitan je problem industrijskog i infrastrukturnog inženjerstva pa su osmišljene brojne tehnike i senzori za njeno sprječavanje. Približna procjena atmosferske korozijske brzine može se napraviti uz pomoć normi ISO 9223 : 2012 i ISO 12944 – 2, a senzori omogućuju njezino izravno mjerenje. U radu su opisani primjeri senzora koji koriste elektrokemijske metode mjerenja brzine korozije. Opisane su tri različite vrste senzora na principu elektrokemijske impedancijske spektroskopije kojima je ispitivana atmosferska korozija pod različitim uvjetima vlage, atmosferska korozija u morskim uvjetima i brzina korozije metala pod tankim filmom elektrolita. Opisan je Fe-Ag tip senzora za praćenje brzine korozije u automobilskoj industriji koji radi na galvanskom principu. Senzori i tehnike praćenja korozije stalno se unaprjeđuju pa je tako u ovom radu opisan novi elektrokemijski senzor povezan s tehnikom elektrokemijskog šuma. In this thesis a review of the state-of-the-art of the atmospheric corrosion sensor techniques has been given. Atmospheric corrosion is an important issue of industrial and infrastructure engineering therefore many techniques and sensors have been developed for its prevention. Approximate corrosion rate estimation can be made using standards ISO 9223: 2012 and ISO 12944-2 but sensors enable its direct measurement. This thesis describes atmospheric sensors based on electrochemical techniques. Three different sensors, based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for monitoring atmospheric corrosion under various humidity conditions, marine atmospheric corrosion and the corrosion rate of metal under a thin electrolyte film, have been described. Fe-Ag sensor for use in automotive industry, based on galvanic principle, is presented. Corrosion monitoring sensors and techniques are constantly being improved so that a new electrochemical sensor related to electrochemical noise has also been described in this thesis.

This paper presents technical solution of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for the city of Obrenovac. The results of wastewater quantity and quality measurements at the existing outlet in the Kolubara River were analyzed, design criteria for WWTP were determined and process flowchart was defined. Sizing of plant facilities was carried out followed by detailed hydraulic calculations. Total investments for new wastewater transport and treatment facilities are estimated, as well as fixed and variable operational costs.