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The publication is aimed at analyzing the volume and structure of export-import operations in the cereals and legumes market, identifying trends of development and developing recommendations for improving the export potential of Ukraine. The structure and classification of grain in the cereals and legumes market is considered, also the functioning of this market. The volumes of growing cereals and legumes at the enterprises of Ukraine for 2019 are determined. The essence of the market of grain and legumes as a constituent part of the foreign trade is analyzed. The status of exports and imports of grain crops of Ukraine in the first quarter of 2020 is determined. The main indicators of export-import operations, balance, dynamics and pace of growth for 2015–2019 are defined. Both the commodity and geographical structure of the cereals and legumes market of Ukraine are examined. A PEST analysis is developed to determine the foreign economic situation of Ukraine in the grain market and the main factors that influence this market are identified. The main problems of foreign economic activity in the grain market and the proposals how to eliminate them are allocated. The foreign trade of wheat and corn by world countries for the time period of January – April 2020 is considered. A draft of recommendations as to the development and improvement of the agricultural sector and provision of the market with cereals and legumes is proposed. The forecasted values of the grain export market activity are computed by extrapolation method for 2020–2021. The main trends of the cereals and legumes market of Ukraine are determined.