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The early stages of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are symptomless. A reliable dependable and sensitive biomarker is needed for the purpose of early identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a biomarker for early identification of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Patient samples were collected from the National Diabetes Center, Mustansiriyah University; a case control study was done from April 2022 to November 2022, in Baghdad, Iraq. One hundred sixty individuals between 30 to 60 years-old were included. Participants were divided into three groups: group one included 40 type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy, group two consisted of 40 type 2 diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy and group three included 80 apparently in good health as the control. Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Scoring System (TCSS) was used for clinical evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by the CLOVER A1c system. In addition, serum NSE levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique.

Background: (PCOS) is among the most common types of gynecological hormonal abnormalities and metabolic problems that have an impact females throughout adolescence, with a prevalence of 6-10%.Hyperandrogenism, unreliable menstrual periods, and polycystic ovaries are the hallmarks of PCOS. The (HPG) axis is controlled by kisspeptins, peptides made by the KISS1 gene. Objectives: This investigation's objective about used to be to analyze the affiliation of kiss1 Gene SNPs (rs 12998) with Endocrine Parameters in PCOS. Methodology: A case -control find out about enrolled one hundred sixty members of which eighty female have PCOS and eighty symbolize the manage crew who had-been interestingly healthful. Patients with PCOS had been chosen patients from our health center and the teaching hospital's gynecology and obstetrics department in Tikrit. Assessment of serum (kisspeptin, estradiol, LH, FSH and testosterone) used to be performed the use of ELISA approach and the maker company's provided methodology was followed to extract genomic DNA from whole blood. KISS1 Gene SNPs rs12998 T>C gene polymorphisms was once detected by using (T-ARMS-PCR) method. Results: Findings indicate, the frequency of the kiss1 gene rs12998 CT and TT genotypes in PCOS-affected women increased 1.63-fold and 8.88-fold in comparison to the group of healthy women which have odds ratio (OR); 1.63 and 8.88, 95% [CI], 0.667-3.988 and 2.014-39.222; p-value 0.28 & 0.01**), respectively. The levels of Kisspeptin, LH, and testosterone also differ. Conclusions: Our find out about suggests a greater awareness of Kisspeptin serum levels were observed in PCOS as in contrast with healthy as well, the frequency of homozygous allele (CC) used to be greater in patient 15 than in controls 3 whilst the frequency of heterozygous allele (CT) have been now not drastically distinct in PCOS fifty six much less than the controls sixty one The allelic frequency of SNP rs12998 C/T used to be detected extra regularly with significant affiliation in female with PCOS than in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. CKD patients commonly experience a long asymptomatic phase before showing clinical symptoms. This study was aimed to estimate of the rate of anemia, inflammatory marker and erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) markers in patients with Hemodialysis end stage of chronic kidney disease in Iraq sample, and to detect the associations between anemia, inflammation and erythropoietin resistance index (ERI). A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University in Baghdad includes 90 subjects. For female patients, age had average of 48.39 ± 16.16 years, while male patients had average of 52.15 ± 14.43 years. All samples were collected from the unit of Dialysis in Al- Imamian Al_Khadhimain Medical City in Baghdad-Iraq to be included in this cross-sectional study. Blood samples were collected from patients and levels of Anti-erythropoietin antibody (anti-EPO antibody), Human Tumor Necrosis Factor a (TNF- a), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Human ferritin (FE) using Eliza technique. While urea, creatinine, albumin and Iron indices (Iron, TIBC and Transferrin) using Atellica Chemistry Analyzer and Lipid profile (Cholesterol, HDL, LDL) using spectrophotometer. Complete blood count (Red Blood Cells, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, white blood cells and Platelets) were measured by Fluorescence flow cytometry (FFC). A significant positive correlation was found between ERI and urea. While, a significant negative correlation was found between ERI and age, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin and Red Blood cells, respectively. Also, a significant positive correlation was found between Hemodialysis duration and ferritin. Age shows different correlation; negative one TNF alpha and positive with CRP. It can be concluded that the presence of an elevated ERI values can be considered as an independent and significant factor for ESA hyporesponsiveness in current study included a sample of Iraqi patients. Noticed factor that links severity of anemic state in end stage of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis with extent of inflammatory condition exhibited by uremic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study, to correlate levels of fibroblast FGF-23 biomarkers as an additional diagnostic markers in serum and urine of patients under early stage of CKD (stages 1,2,3) and to Evaluate the clinical significance of serum and urine of FGF-23 biomarker by using ROC analysis. Chronic kidney disease ckd is epidemic global health problem disease that lead to death, to prevention of progression disease and treatment must be diagnosis in early stage, that's because renal damage not correct but can be prevent progression. FGF-23 is a bone derivative hormone, make a complex with klotho in kidney, FGF-23 elevated in serum and urine if occur any simple renal damage, that consider a good biomarker to diagnosis CKD in the early stages 1,2,3. A hundred subjects were conduct in this study to measure serum and urinary FGF-23 in 40 patient with CKD and 60 normal subject by using ELIZA technique and other biochemical of renal function test. Elevated level of FGF-23 in serum and urine of patient with CKD in compare with normal subject, significant positive between serum FGF-23 and duration of disease, significant neqative between urinary FGF-23 and serum calcium, negative correlation between eGR and urinary FGF-23, in the ROC analysis the FGF-23 has high sensitivity and specifity to discriminate between patients with CKD and normal subject and consider serum and urinary FGF-23 as a good biomarker for early diagnosis of CKD patients. The FGF-23 good biomarker to early diagnosis of CKD patient, Fibroblast growth factor -23 increase in serum and urine of patient with chronic kidney disease. In a sample of Iraqi patient with CKD, found for the first time; a negative correlation between their urinary FGF-23 and serum calcium levels. There was positive correlation between duration of CKD ans serum FGF-23 level [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) consider as one of the most One of the most serious complications of pregnancy, and the chief reasons of Objectives: Study the correlation between serum &urinary placental protein (pp13) in pre-eclamptic women at their third trimester Materials and Method: Case control study was achieved from August 2018 to January 2019. A total of 100 women involved in this research, 50preeclampsia pregnant women and 50 apparently normal pregnant women as control, for all the subjects in the research serum and urine sample were collected for placental protein 13(pp13) estimation by using ELISA technique. Results: Results indicated that a highly significant decreased in serum and urine pp13 in preeclamptic women compared to healthy women pregnant Conclusion: Maternal serum PP13 at their 3rd. Trimester has evidences to be a credible biomarker for preeclampsia risk evaluation: the specificity and sensitivity of pp13 provided the highest diagnostic for preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between uromodulin (THP) protein levels in serum and in urine with albuminuria and other renal function biomarkers in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. A case-control study design was employed to enroll 120 subjects, where 30 diabetic patients with normo-albuminuria (as first case group), 30 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (as second case group), 30 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria (as third case group) as well as 30 healthy subjects (as control group). Blood and urine samples were collected from the patients during their visits to diabetic clinics. Age, gender and BMI were assessed for each participant. Serum and urine uromodulin level were measured by ELISA technique, fasting serum glucose, serum creatinine and blood urea were measured by spectrophotometer, serum cystatin-c by ELISA technique, HbA1c measured by the CLOVER A1c system, urinary albumin was measured by turbidimetric end-point method, urinary uromodulin creatinine ratio (uromodulin index) and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) were estimated. Also, eGFR was calculated. The results show that the serum uromodulin was significantly and inversely correlated with FSG, also with HbA1c. A uromodulin indexwas significantly decline in macroalbuminuria group as compared with control group, also a uromodulin index was significantly decline in macroalbuminuria group as compared with normal bumiuria group. Uromodulin (Tamm-Horsful protein), which was specifically secreted from kidney, may considered as a marker changed in parallel with the change in renal function in patients with type-2 diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]