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Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE) is a rare benign lesion characterized by the presence of spindle and epithelioid cells and features resembling thymic tissue. A 35-year-old asymptomatic female with a history of two cesarean sections and a positive family history of breast cancer underwent a thyroid checkup. Clinical examination revealed a normal thyroid gland, while diagnostic tests indicated a solid hypoechoic nodule in the right lower parathyroid gland, which was confirmed as SETTLE after surgical resection was performed, leading to an uneventful postoperative period. The patient, discharged on the first postoperative day, underwent comprehensive follow-up and oncology referral for risk stratification. In the literature review of nine cases of SETTLE (seven male, two female), age (8–70 years), past medical and surgical history of the majority is not available, most of them presented with painless and slowly enlarging mass in the neck, on laboratory examination most of the cases had test results within the normal range, ultrasound (U/S) and computed tomography (CT) Scan are preferred imaging modality, most of the patient had undergone surgical resection, histopathological examination showed SETTLE after management more than half were disease free. SETTLE is a rare tumor with ∼50 reported cases worldwide and a single case report that involves parathyroid glands. It can be asymptomatic or present as a mass. Besides the necessity of surgical resection, long-term follow-up is mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hemangiomas are benign vascular lesions. The complicated hemangiomas that are causing significant functional or cosmetic problems need surgical excision. This paper presents a novel technique of reconstruction using surgical mesh after removal of a facial hemangioma. Case report: A 50-year-old male patient presented with right cheek swelling for more than 40 years causing disproportion of the face. A flap was raised by a nasolabial linear incision, then a 4*2 cm surgical mesh was put in, and the wound closed cosmetically. The excised tissue was sent for histopathological examinations and the results confirmed hemangioma. After more than two years follow up, the patient's face was symmetrical with normal facial contour. Conclusion: The application of surgical mesh for patients who seek functional and cosmetic improvements after hemangioma removal is a constructive method that gives the desired outcome for the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nipple adenoma, an uncommon benign tumor, typically appears between the fourth and fifth decades of life, occasionally manifesting in accessory breasts. The embryonic mammary ridges give rise to accessory breasts along the milk line, and the lack of involution results in supernumerary breasts, including accessory nipples. This study aims to report a case of adenoma originating from an accessory breast nipple. The present study describes the case of a 23-year-old female patient who presented with right axillary discomfort and swelling. A physical examination revealed a tender, non-inflamed lump. A breast ultrasonography revealed features compatible with an accessory nipple, confirmed by excisional biopsy revealing adenoma. Throughout the 4-month follow-up period, no signs of recurrence were observed. Although rare, accessory breast tissue can harbor neoplasms, with nipple adenoma posing a diagnostic challenge often confounded with Paget's disease. Histologically, nipple adenomas exhibit diverse patterns, emphasizing the importance of a precise diagnosis. Adenoma of the accessory nipples is a rare condition that necessitates proper clinical assessment. Surgical excision remains the standard, yielding favorable outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is a well-differentiated malignancy, while insular thyroid carcinoma (ITC) is a very rare and poorly differentiated tumor. The present study reports a case of ITC arising within the background of FTC. A 52-year-old housewife presented with an anterior neck swelling for a duration of 6 months. An ultrasound examination revealed a well-defined solid nodule measuring ~58x37x28 mm in the mid-lower third of the right thyroid lobe, and two small nodules of <3 mm in size in the left lobe. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesion led to the suspicion of follicular neoplasm. A right thyroid lobectomy was performed, and the histopathological examination revealed poorly differentiated insular carcinoma arising in the background of FTC. As a result of this diagnosis, a completion thyroidectomy was performed. ITC is a rare and highly aggressive thyroid malignancy that is morphologically and biologically regarded as an intermediate between fully differentiated and undifferentiated/anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. In comparison to patients solely with follicular carcinoma, patients with insular carcinoma are older, more often male, have larger tumor sizes, are at greater risk of metastasis, and have a lower survival rate. Poorly differentiated ITC with follicular carcinoma is a very rare and aggressive condition that could be managed by thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC) is a benign lesion rarely discovered within lymph nodes. The present case report introduces an EIC incidentally discovered during an axillary lymph node biopsy in a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. A 55-year-old woman presented with a breast mass. Ultrasound revealed a suspicious mass, and a core needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsies were performed. Histopathological examination revealed tumor-free lymph nodes, with one of them harboring a keratinous EIC. EICs typically arise from entrapped epidermal cells. Their presence in lymph nodes is exceptionally rare. While the origin of such inclusions remains unclear, various theories exist, including anomalous embryonic development, implantation, and metaplasia. This report highlights the unique presentation of an EIC within an axillary lymph node. Recognizing this entity is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis of malignancy and unnecessary interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice between nodulectomy and lobectomy for managing thyroid nodules is a subject of debate in the field of thyroid surgery. The present study aims to share the experience of a single center in managing solitary thyroid nodules through nodulectomy from January 2023 to October 2023. The inclusion criteria encompassed symptomatic or suspicious solitary nodules and medically necessitated cases. The extracted data included patient demographics, medical history, symptoms, diagnostic details, surgery indication, procedure outcome and histopathological findings. The follow-up included clinic visits and phone calls. The mean age of the patients was 36.64±11.63 years, with 85.0% females and 15.0% males. Predominantly, patients were housewives (58.5%). Neck swelling (62.3%) was the most common presentation. Ultrasound examination revealed mixed nodules in more than half of the cases (54.7%). Right nodulectomy was performed in 26 cases (49.1%) and left nodulectomy in 23 (43.4%), and four cases (7.5%) underwent isthmusectomy. The mean operation time was 36.04±9.37 min and no drainage tube was used in any of the cases. One case (1.9%) of seroma was the only observed complication during the observational period. Nodulectomy may be a suitable choice for managing benign, large, solitary thyroid nodules, small suspicious nodules or microcarcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) in accessory breast tissue is rare. The present study aimed to report a rare case of GM in accessory breast tissue. A 39-year-old female patient presented with right axillary discomfort and swelling for ~5 days. On clinical examination, a tender, firm lump was detected in the right axillary region. The ultrasound showed diffuse parenchymal heterogeneity and surrounding edema in the right accessory breast associated with reactive axillary lymph nodes. Following unresponsiveness to conservative treatment, a surgical procedure was performed in the form of an excisional biopsy and the lesion was diagnosed as GM. During the six-month follow-up, there were no recurrences. The exact cause of GM remains uncertain and the etiology within accessory breast tissue is even less understood. Proposed mechanisms suggest that it may result from an exaggerated immune response triggered by various factors, such as infection, autoimmunity or hormonal fluctuations. GM in accessory breast tissue is a rare and challenging clinical condition to be diagnosed. Due to the rarity of this condition, it highlights the importance of including GM in the differential diagnosis of axillary masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]