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A large-scale project such as the construction of an offshore island requires careful consideration not only of the direct effects of such intervention, but also of the implications for the further evolution of the Dutch coast. It is found that the construction of an offshore island is technically possible and - i f optimally shaped and carefully placed - would have only limited effects on the marine and coastal environment which could be compensated for. I f only the island were built, the already limited resilience of the Dutch coast would be even further decreased, because more coastal maintenance will be necessary. But i f the island is combined with other measures, like locally increasing the nearshore sand volumes by e.g. seaward protruding sand hooks, the resilience of the coast will improve. For this reason an indepth discussion is recommended about the long-term future of the Dutch coast.

A large-scale project such as the construction of an offshore island requires careful consideration not only of the direct effects of such intervention, but also of the implications for the further evolution of the Dutch coast. It is found that the construction of an offshore island is technically possible and - i f optimally shaped and carefully placed - would have only limited effects on the marine and coastal environment which could be compensated for. I f only the island were built, the already limited resilience of the Dutch coast would be even further decreased, because more coastal maintenance will be necessary. But i f the island is combined with other measures, like locally increasing the nearshore sand volumes by e.g. seaward protruding sand hooks, the resilience of the coast will improve. For this reason an indepth discussion is recommended about the long-term future of the Dutch coast.

This volume in the PAWN series documents the impacts on industrial firms in the Netherlands that would be brought about by the imposition of a set of proposed water-management policies. It describes the structure, data requirements, and major assumptions behind the computer models used to calculate the efficient distribution of ground water (GW) and drinking water by simulating the water use of industrial firms. Then it analyzes the possible responses of Dutch firms to changes in the availability or intake costs of GW, estimates the cost and water-use mix of their least-cost responses, and predicts how the European markets for industrial goods will allocate those resulting costs (and benefits) among the impacted firms, their competitors, and their customers. It finds that firms can respond in many ways to changes in their GW intake environment; that some responses cost considerably less than others; that little of the cost can be passed on to consumers, but that the government will pick up about one-third of it; and that the gross cost increases (including the government's share) approximate rather closely the industrial sector's contribution to the policies' total effects on the net economic welfare of the Netherlands., PAWN

The present volume describes the major model used in estimating the impacts of water-management tactics on industrial firms. It contains detailed documentation of the Industry Response Simulation Model (IRSM), explaining the structure, inputs, and attributes of that model. Chapter 2 presents the general structure of the model and discusses its inputs and outputs and the underlying assumptions of the model. In Chap. 3, the authors consider the unit cost estimates, which are subject to economies of scale and are used as input to the model. The results that can be obtained with IRSM are presented in Chap. 4. Chapter 5 deals with sensitivity analysis and shows the sensitivity of the results to the different assumption and cost parameters used in IRSM. Finally, brief concluding remarks on the reliability of the model and the purposes for which it should be used are offered., PAWN

This volume in the PAWN series documents the impacts on industrial firms in the Netherlands that would be brought about by the imposition of a set of proposed water-management policies. It describes the structure, data requirements, and major assumptions behind the computer models used to calculate the efficient distribution of ground water (GW) and drinking water by simulating the water use of industrial firms. Then it analyzes the possible responses of Dutch firms to changes in the availability or intake costs of GW, estimates the cost and water-use mix of their least-cost responses, and predicts how the European markets for industrial goods will allocate those resulting costs (and benefits) among the impacted firms, their competitors, and their customers. It finds that firms can respond in many ways to changes in their GW intake environment; that some responses cost considerably less than others; that little of the cost can be passed on to consumers, but that the government will pick up about one-third of it; and that the gross cost increases (including the government's share) approximate rather closely the industrial sector's contribution to the policies' total effects on the net economic welfare of the Netherlands., PAWN

The present volume describes the major model used in estimating the impacts of water-management tactics on industrial firms. It contains detailed documentation of the Industry Response Simulation Model (IRSM), explaining the structure, inputs, and attributes of that model. Chapter 2 presents the general structure of the model and discusses its inputs and outputs and the underlying assumptions of the model. In Chap. 3, the authors consider the unit cost estimates, which are subject to economies of scale and are used as input to the model. The results that can be obtained with IRSM are presented in Chap. 4. Chapter 5 deals with sensitivity analysis and shows the sensitivity of the results to the different assumption and cost parameters used in IRSM. Finally, brief concluding remarks on the reliability of the model and the purposes for which it should be used are offered., PAWN