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Today there is no criminal investigation that does not contain a digital dimension. A large number of criminal offenses, whether official investigations conducted by judicial bodies or corporate investigations, contain digital evidence, which in most investigations is key to the identification of perpetrators. Since the cyber space is undefined, it has no owner, place, time dimension, it does not belong to anyone, very often such evidence must be exchanged between the various subjects involved in the investigation. However, in addition to the exchange of digital evidence, it is also necessary to exchange the so-called “5ws&1h data” or metadata that are key to chain of custody identification. This is necessary because of the large number of factors that can influence the evidence and undermine the integrity of digital evidence, after which the evidence will not be accepted by the court. The need for the standardization of metadata exchange procedures and processes that ensure the chain of custody has been imposed as a necessity and through the realization of DEMF, as a possible solution.

Recent research has shown a correlation between personality disorders (PDs) and the position of a person in a social network. Following this research we conducted a social network analysis on one of the greatest Croatian cyber-political blogging sites to identify individuals with possible PDs. These individuals' blogs were then analyzed in order to identify topics which are associated with various types of disorders.

The idea behind this article is to give an overview of B-tree data structure and show the connection between B-tree indexing technique and computer forensics. B-tree is a fast data indexing method that organizes indexes into a multi-level set of nodes, where each node contains indexed data. This technique is most commonly used in databases and file systems where it is important to retrieve records stored in a file when data is to large to fit in main memory. In that case, Btrees are used to reduce the number of disk accesses.

The paper presentes a method for the evaluation of biometric systems based on an open ontology of selected segments of biometrics. The ontology was developed in F-logic using the FLORA-2 system. Descriptive parameters of biometric characteristics as well as organizational contingency parameters are taken into consideration and a metric for grading a biometric system's adjustment with organizational needs – the adequacy level is introduced.

This paper presents a practical comparison between two perceptual hash functions, RADIAL Variance Based Hash and Maar-Hildreth Operator. Perceptual image hashing functions are used for image and visual content authentication. For the purposes of this paper the authors will compare the two functions to evaluate their resistance to several types of attacks on biometric templates. The main objective of this paper is to examine whether the implementation of perceptual hash functions could have an effect on similarity of these templates. pHash, an open source implementation of various perceptual hash functions, was used to benchmark these functions. The results of this comparison and evaluation will be preliminary because only three most common biometrics characteristic templates will be considered. Robust perceptual image hashing methods will be used to overcome the abovementioned problems of a challenging developing biometric systems.

Biometric recognition in a nowadays uses, raises important legal issues such as: remediation, authority, reliability, and, of course, privacy. The standard assumptions of the technologists who design new techniques, capabilities, and systems are very different from those embedded in the legal system. Legal precedent on the use of biometric technology for identification or verification of individuals, is growing, with some key cases going back decades and other more recent cases having raised serious questions about the admissibility of biometric (digital) evidence in court.

In this paper we will present an evaluation of open source offi ce suites for the use in public administration of the Republic of Croatia from a security oriented view. Security is an important factor in this evaluation since there is no guarantee from a software developer company that can provide the necessary backdrop for a huge organization like the public administration. Since the government of Croatia issued a policy where the use of open source software is strongly encouraged and recommended there was no public evaluation of possible offi ce suites. By basing our reasoning on different research conducted in the European Union and worldwide we propose a number of applications that would be appropriate for o ffice use in public administration.

With the development of the Web and the services it provides to the end user one of the aspects one has to take in mind is the need for an account for each of its services. Until now the accounts used a username and password model for the user authentication but with the development of the biometric science and high-speed Internet there are other possibilities that provide a more secure solution. Instead of using username and password we can use behavioral or psychophysical biometrical characteristics to prove if the person is a legal or illegal user. Many today's computers or notebooks have fingerprint readers (usually on mouse) or have some cameras as an addition to standard IO (input/output) devices, keyboard and mouse. Using only these two characteristics a model for so called e-Authentication, based on multimodal biometrics systems, can be developed. This multimodal biometrics system can be supported by soft biometrical characteristics (like eye color or hair color) or some other biometrics system like keystroke dynamics. Possible applications include securing password managers, points of single logon etc. In this paper we described the development of multimodal biometrics system, called eBAWS (e- Biometric Authentication for Web Systems), based on standard IO devices based on keystroke dynamics, shape drawing, shape order and handwriting verification.

Today's biometric security systems have a number of problems that emerge from the fact that the biometric data of a person is stored in the system. The problems arise when that data is compromised. Standard password based security systems have the ability to cancel the compromised password and reissue a new one. The biometrics cannot be canceled or changed which can be their advantage and a disadvantage in this particular situation. The concept of cancelable biometrics can upgrade the biometric security system so that it gains the advantages of the password based security system, by not losing the inherent superiority.

In this paper we resent an object-relational database for biometric systems and results conducted during implementation. Using aa systematization of biometric methods, models and characteristics we developed a UML model and ODL specification of database which can be used for unimoda as well for multimodal biometric systems.

During the last decade a great number of publications in the field of biometry has emerged. Due to this explosion of research, which has brought us scientific and professional papers, a lot of new biometric methods, techniques, models, metrics and characteristics were proposed. But there was not enough effort in creating a unique systematization and categorization which would approach the stated issues and open new areas of research. We argue that it is possible to approach biometry in a narrow and in a broader sense. For the purpose of this paper we observed biometry in the narrow sense (research possibilities of person recognition based on physical and/or psychological characteristics) and created a unique framework for the systematization and categorization of biometric methods, models, characteristics and patterns based on a general biometric system.

The problem of how to improve the way the hospital operates is rather old. The need for accurate and updated information is crucial. It has been recognized that agents possess some properties (features) which make them suitable for implementation in described cases. Reactive and proactive behaviour, distributed problem solving and advanced communication techniques together with coordination and cooperation are just some of these desirable features. We will show how some problems (physical conflict) which cause problems for deliberative agents can be solved when using reactive agents based on active rules and stored procedures.

In this paper we will present some schemes for strengthening network authentication over insecure channels with biometric concepts or how to securely transfer and use biometric characteristics as cryptographic keys. We will show why some current authentication schemes are insufficient and we will present our concepts of biometric hashes and authentication that rely on unimodal and multimodal biometrics. Our concept can be applied on any biometric authentication scheme and is universal for all systems.

In the past decade agent systems were considered to be as one of the major fields of study in Artificial Intelligence (AI) field. Many different definitions of agents were presented and several different approaches describing agency can be distinguished. While some authors have tried to define “ what” an agent really is, others have tried to identify agents by means of properties which they should possess. Most authors agree on these properties (at least basic set of properties) which are intrinsic to agents. Since agent's definitions are not consistent, we are going to give an overview and list the properties intrinsic to an agent. Many different adjectives were attached to the term agent as well and many different kinds of agents including deliberative agents, mobile agents, reactive agents were presented and many different architectures emerged too. The aim of this paper it go give an overview of what was going on in the field while taking into consideration main streams and projects.

Minutiae classification in fingerprint evaluating process is very important. Fingerprint image contains about 150 minutiae’ s. When we compare two fingerprint images we compare latent and non latent fingerprint, and we try to find 12 minutiae’ s placed in the same position on latent and non latent fingerprint images. After fingerprint image pre-processing we can perform classification or we can try to find minutiae. In this paper we describe the process of minutiae classification in order to perform the comparison. For that purpose we use Walsh functions and Walsh transforms.

Terrorist attack in New York City and Washington, District of Columbia on morning of September 11, 2001 has changed our lives. The security problem became very important regarding all spheres of human actions. Tracking persons (employees, customers etc.) in ITS (Intelligent Transport System) is a very large problem. Biometrics offers a very good solution of this problem and is today maybe one of the most promising techniques for person's secure verification and authentication ; biometric system also possesses some advantages when compared to other security systems. When using a biometric system one has to be careful because the functionality of a biometric application can be dramatically aggravated if inappropriate biometric features are selected. Nominee classification of biometric features on contact and contactless, or distinction between “ strong” and “ soft” biometric features gives a framework for using biometric features, but it doesn’ t ensure that biometric features are implemented at a satisfactory level. The usage of multimodal or unimodal biometric system can significantly increase system security but it also opens plenty of questions like privacy etc. This paper describes biometric features which can be used in ITS, and delineates a new model of usage.

Biometrija u današnje vrijeme predstavlja sinonim za provjeravanje i prepoznavanje osoba pomoću karakterstika ponašanja i fizičkih karakterstika. Promatrano u tom kontekstu biometriju se može definirati kao model identifikacije osove, baziran na psihološkim karakterstikama ili karakterstikama ponašanja, a odnosi se na nešto što osoba posjeduje ili što osoba zna kak obi izvršila osobnu identifikaciju.

Paper present statistical based approach to signature verification with user oriented signature feature weights.

Methematical model to predict reliability of biometric systems regarding influence of the user, software and hardware considering serial dependence of components whit exponential distribution of failure probability into two separate mathematical models.

paper describes forensic analysis of social networks and cloud forensics in the internet environment

Researchers in the field of biometrics found that human hand contains some characteristics that can be used for personal identification. Some of these are hand geometry and hand shape. These biometric characteristics are more than 30 years old and are very popular and widely accepted among people. That makes them suitable for development of various acquisition and authentication methods. So far, many contact-based and contact-less systems have been developed in the academy and commercial sector. Contact-less biometrics is becoming more important in this field, thus making the researchers to concentrate their efforts in this direction.

Biometric face recognition is one of the fields of computer vision. The part of biometric person identification has been extensivly researched. This resulted in a large number of algorithms used for person identification. This paper gives an overview and classification of those algorithms. Because of large number of algorithms, knowledge visualization is used for easier understanding of structure and connections between those algorithms.

Application of biometric tools today is a major challenge for developers of biometric systems and for users of those systems. A specific application can be seen in systems requiring a certain accuracy in person authentication. A large number of systems is created in a way that the algorithms used are are not verified as standardized, thus causing uncertainty in their results and application of those tools in processes which need to confirm obtained results. This paper will describe the basic model necessary to build a framework for the construction of a biometric system applicable in forensics for person authentication in court of law.

In the past years, information and communication technologies affect all aspects of our lives, including politics. Political parties use the Internet to communicate with their potential voters. This paper will give a short introduction to communication over Twitter, description of political parties in question, and the main part of the paper is the analysis and comparison of communication of Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian and BiH political parties over Twitter.

In this paper, ebXML standard and its architecture will be described. A systematic review of current research on ebXML will be given. A the end, ebXML will be connected with interoperability. Research question to which an answer will be given is: In which countries is ebXML registry implemented outside the laboratory, and is used as such?

Basic Principles and Trends in Hand Geometry and Hand Shape Biometrics

Approaches The development of biometric systems is undoubtedly on the rise in the number and the application areas. Modelling of system reliability and system data analysis after failure and the time of re-establishing the operating regime is of crucial importance for users of the system and also for producers of certain components. This paper gives an overview of the mathematical model of biometric system function recovery and its application through the UML model.

On-line signature-based person authentication is still a challenging research topic. Although great efforts have been achieved in developing and defining a framework that systems for on-line authentication based on the handwritten signature of a person should adhere, these frameworks are still not enough because they do not include all the features that handwritten signature as a biometric feature has. In addition, there is a range of characteristics that current system for capturing a signature posses by which it is possible to further and better define the characteristics of signatures required to be in the process of authentication of entities, but can be used not only for authentication but also for identification. The paper provides an overview of the differences between off-line and on-line mode of authentication system based on the handwritten signature as well as surveys of all properties that these characteristics can have, supported with the latest systems to "capture" handwritten signatures.

Approaches The development of biometric systems is undoubtedly on the rise in the number and the application areas. Modelling of system reliability and system data analysis after failure and the time of re-establishing the operating regime is of crucial importance for users of the system and also for producers of certain components. This paper gives an overview of the mathematical model of biometric system function recovery and its application through the UML model.

Handwritten signature is being used in various applications on daily basis. The problem arises when someone decides to imitate our signature and steal our identity. Therefore, there is a need for adequate protection of signatures and a need for systems that can, with a great degree of certainty, identify who is the signatory. This paper presents previous work in the field of signature and writer identification to show the historical development of the idea and defines a new promising approach in handwritten signature identification based on some basic concepts of graph theory. This principle can be implemented on both on-line handwritten signature recognition systems and off-line handwritten signature recognition systems. Using graph norm for fast classification (filtration of potential users), followed by comparison of each signature graph concepts value against values stored in database, the system reports 94.25% identification accuracy.

The paper introduces a method of vehicles stop time prediction on an intersection entrance. Th method allows us applying an adoptive traffic control algorithms, covering the transportation network with intersections, not provided with traffic detectors or some of the detectors are not working properly.

Approaches for reliability analysis of biometric systems are subject to a review of numerous scientific papers. Most of them consider issues of reliability of component software applications. System reliability, considering technical and software part, is of crucial importance for users and for manufacturers of biometric systems. In this paper, the authors developed a mathematicalmodel to analyse the reliability of biometric systems, regarding the dependence of components with exponential distribution of failure probability.

Handwritten signature is widely accepted and collectible biometric characteristic. Great entrophy makes that characteristic suitable for research and development of new models for personal authentication and identification. This paper presents basic differences between authentication and identification methods, followed by previous work in that field.

The aging process affects the structure and appearance of people in different ways. One of such is the change in craniofacial morphology (CM) of individuals. The subject of a person's CM and age estimation is by itself insufficiently researched. Especially on the analysis of children's CM at different ages, because it hasn't been considered thoroughly. This paper will analyze certain characteristics of the CM and their changes during aging from a biometrics perspective, and will also give an overview of previous work on this subject.

Age estimation of humans is one of the problems in field of computer vision which is insufficient researched. To efficiently estimate the age of an individual based on his/her face image, characteristic points of the face have to be determined. In this paper the most common face recognition algorithms will be described.

This paper defines digital antiforensics. It is a relative new technology used by cyber criminals to destroy digital evidence in purpose to obstruct digital investigation, and by legal users to keep their privacy.

In all phases of forensic investigation, digital evidence is exposed to external influences and coming into contact with many factors. Legal admissibility of digital evidence is the ability of that evidence being accepted as evidence in a court of law. Life cycle of digital evidence is very complex. In each stage there is more impact that can violate a chain of custody and its integrity. Contact with different variables occurs through a life cycle of digital evidence and can disrupt its integrity. In order for the evidence to be accepted by the court as valid, chain of custody for digital evidence must be kept, or it must be known who exactly came into contact with evidence in each stage of the investigation. This paper presents a dynamics and life cycle of digital evidence. The Petri nets will be proposed and used for modeling and simulation of this process

Ovaj rad predstavlja teoretski model s ciljem prouþavanja jakih strana procesa standardizacije koristeüi model poslovnog savjetovanja i procesa upravljanja znanjem. Model predstavlja interakciju internih I eksternih participanata preocesa implementacije standard ukljuþujuüi njihove vanjske i individualne karakteristike, kulturno nasljedstvo te poslovnu etiku itd. Upravljanje znanjem ukljuþuje potrebu za usavršavanjem i postignuüima, inovativnošüu, spremošću prihvaćanja rizika te proaktivnošću.

Sound recording quality, whether digital or analogue, presupposes true-to-life recording of the original audio signal. Contemporary audio media do not meet the requirements of high-fidelity recording since they do not insufficiently utilize the bandwidth for D/A conversion and sufficient word length. This paper deals with the values of these parameters in high-fidelity recording. The paper presents the results of a research into characteristics of faithful and high-fidelity audio recording considering the frequency range, signal-to-noise ratio and dynamic range.

In the past decades, information and communication technologies affect all aspects of our lives, including politics. Political parties use the Internet to communicate with their potential voters. This paper will give a short introduction to communication over the Internet in general, description of political parties in question, and the main part of the paper is the analysis and comparison of communication of Slovenian and Croatian political parties over the Internet. Special attention will be payed to communication using social networks, such as Facebook or Twitter.

Forenzika digitalnih dokaza danas više nije potreba specijaliziranim institucijama koje se bave sigurnošću već sve više postaje potreba i poslovnih subjekata koji u pokušajima da spriječe krađu svog intelektualnog vlasništva ili financijskog kapitala moraju poduzeti specijalizirane metode. Te metode danas uključuju rad na digitalnim dokazima koji su sastavni dio svih računala, računalnih mreža pa tako i mobilnih uređaja. Forenzika digitalnih dokaza obavlja se u dva osnovna slučaja, kada se sumnja na mogućnost počinjena djela ili kada se zna da se je djelo dogodilo. S obzirom na specifičnosti pojedinih zakonodavstava u radu se daje načelni pregled odabranih djela i primjene forenzike digitalnih dokaza u njihovoj prevenciji odnosno pronalasku.

Razvoj otkazive biometrije počiva na matematičkimalgoritimima koji trebaju onemogućiti povrat podataka u originalno stanje prije samog procesa modifikacije. Razvoj tih algorittama kao i njihova primjena ovise o stupnju zaštite koji se želi postići biometrijskim sustavom. Neke od smjernica nužnih za razvoj otkazive biometrije dane su u ovom radu.

Kompjuterska forenzika je grana forenziþke nauke, koja se bavi legalnim metodama prikupljanja i obradom digitalnih dokaza pohranjenih na raþunaru (ili drugom nosiocu digitalnih podataka). Kompjuterskom forenzikom se ispituju svi mediji za pohranu i prenos podataka u cilju pronalaženja i analiziranja dokumentacije ili drugih digitalnih dokaza, a vezano za neke nelegalne aktivnosti. Danas je pojam kompjuterska forenzika prerastao u digitalna forenzika , jer se pored raþunara kao sredstva izvršenja, sve više pojavljuju i drugi digitalni ureÿaji kao što su digitalni fotoaparati, digitalne kamere, mobilni telefoni, pametni telefoni, personalni digitalni asistenti i sl. Digitalna forenzika nije više vezana samo za laboratorije u policijskim i sigurnosnim agencijama, nego je svoju primjenu našla i van tog podruþja. U ovom radu autori su obradili upotrebu digitalne forenzike, ne samo u agencijama za sprovoÿenje zakona , nego i u široj upotrebi, internim istragama u firmama, osiguravajuüim društvima i bankama.