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A collection of 45 sunflower genotypes (Express genotypes, N=21, T1 to T21; Clearfield genotypes, N = 24, T22 to T45) was studied based on the yield and agronomic traits of the seeds. The comparative crops were organized within ARDS Lovrin, in a non-irrigated system. In the case of the Express genotype group (EG), the mean yield value was YmEG = 2,245.56 kg ha-1, the mean value for the hectoliter weight was HWmEG = 40.64 kg hl-1, and the mean value for the weight of 1,000 seeds was TKWmEG = 63.71 g. Trial T8 was highlighted, which presented positive, statistically guaranteed differences for each parameter, ΔY = 989.73 kg ha-1, (***), ΔHW = 1.56 kg hl-1 (**), respectively ΔTKW = 7.89 g (***). In the case of the Clearfield genotype group (CG), the mean yield value was YmCG = 2,087.41 kg ha-1, the mean value for the hectoliter weight was HWmCG = 40.10 kg hl-1, and the mean value for the weight of 1,000 seeds was TKWmEG = 56.85 g. The T34 trial was highlighted, which presented positive differences, statistically assured (p<0.001, ***), for each parameter (ΔY = 545.64 kg ha-1; ΔHW = 2.90 kg hl-1, and ΔTKW = 8.75 g, respectively). The Express genotype group (EG) presented higher mean values compared to the Clearfield genotype group (CG), under statistical safety conditions for TKW (p<0.001). Compared to the mean at the level of the experiment, genotypes with values above the mean were identified, under conditions of statistical safety. In the multivariate analysis, the main components (PC1, PC2) explained 81.966% of variance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study comparatively analyzed 16 wheat genotypes cultivated in the specific conditions of the Western Plain of Romania, within the ARDS Lovrin. The following genotypes were studied comparatively: Biharia (WG1), Dacic (WG2), Alex (WG3), Ciprian (WG4), Trublion (WG5), Tarroca (WG6), Barbara (WG7), Centurion (WG8), Ultim (WG9), Sphere (WG10), Extrem (WG11), Rubico (WG12), Sacramento (WG13), Vivendo (WG14), Amandus (WG15), and Garavusha (WG16). Compared to the mean values, the genotypes were highlighted: genotype WG9, STARCH = 71.10±0.33% (starch content), genotype WG16, PRO = 15.90±0.26% (protein content), genotype WG4, GLT = 37.80±0.82% (gluten content), genotype WG1, SKHRD = 54.00±0.93 (single kernel hardness), genotype WG6, TKW = 44.00±1.06 g (weight of 1,000 seeds), genotype WG15, HW = 76.00±0.62 kg hl-1 (hectoliter weight). A statistically safe correlation was recorded between STARCH and PRO (r = -0.780***), between STARCH and GLT (r = -0.794***), between PRO and GLT (r = 0.868***), between SKHRD and MST (r = 0.812***), between TKW and T (r = 0.807***), between SKHRD and TKW (r = 0.608*), between SKHRD and T (r = -0.538*), and between MST and T (r = -0.587*). Linear and polynomial equations described the variation of quality indices, and the Ranking scaling analysis facilitated the ranking of genotypes based on the recorded quality indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate from a nutritional, phytochemical, and rheological point of view different varieties/lines of oats cultivated in Romania. In this sense, the proximate composition (proteins, lipids, mineral substances, starch, and carbohydrates), the total polyphenols content (TPC) of individual polyphenols and macro and microelements of 20 oat varieties/lines were determined. In order to evaluate the potential for use in the flour industry (pasta, bread, and biscuits)., a variety of oats with optimal nutritional properties and active principles was used to obtain oat/wheat composite flours in different proportions (10–30% oat flour) and subjected to rheological analysis using the Chopin Mixolab test (Chopin Technologies, Paris, France) The results showed a protein content between 14.36–17.08%, lipid content between 6.01–9.03%, starch between 44.13–52.95%, total mineral substances between 0.93–1.65%, carbohydrates between 65.16–69.32% and energy value between 389.81–409.86 kcal/100 g. The TPC content varied between 614.76–1244.58 µgGAE/g, and the average values of individual polyphenols were between 1.87 μg/g (rosmarinic acid) and 28.18 μg/g (gallic acid). Regarding the macroelements content, potassium (K) was the major element (203.19 μg/g), followed by calcium (Ca) (181.71 μg/g) and magnesium (Mg) (105.79 μg/g). The level of microelements varied between 3.02 μg/g for nickel (Ni) and 60.25 μg/g for iron (Fe). Multivariate data analysis PCA was used to correlate the obtained data. The rheological analysis using the MIXOLAB system proved that, from the point of view of technological properties, composite flours from a mixture of 10–30% oat and wheat flour are the best for obtaining biscuit dough, compared to pasta or pan bread. Following the study and based on nutritional, phytochemical and rheological results, line 2511 was selected as optimal for use in obtaining hypoglycemic flour foods for people with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study comparatively analyzed the productivity level of 48 commercial sunflower hybrids, under the specific crops conditions of the Western Plain of Romania. The field experiment took place within ARDS Lovrin, agricultural year 2021-2022. 27 hybrids from the Imazamox class (IH; IH1 to IH27) and 21 hybrids from the Tribenuron Methyl class (TMH; TMH1 to TMH21) were cultivated. The cultivation of the 48 hybrids was carried out under the conditions of a chernozem type soil, and non-irrigated system. In the case of Imazamox class hybrids (IH), the production varied between 2012.47 kg ha-1 (IH4) and 3,545.08 kg ha-1 (IH1, and IH23). In the case of hybrids from the Tribenuron Methyl class (TMH), production varied between 2,437.64 kg ha-1 (TMH17) and 3,713.15 kg ha-1 (TMH4, and TMH19). Based on the production data recorded for each hybrid, the average value was calculated for each class of hybrids (IH-Avg=3,038.13 kg ha-1, TMH-Avg=3,287.98 kg ha-1). In order to verify whether there are differences between the two groups IH (N=27) and TMH (N=21) regarding the recorded production, the Null Hypothesis (H0) was defined. The application of the t-test for Equality of Means, led to the value of t=2.302 with p=0.02. Additionally, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was applied. The U=180 value with p=0.03 also indicated significantly different productions between the related series of the two classes of hybrids. The increase in production (kg ha-1, %) was calculated for each class of hybrids (ΔIH, ΔTMH) and a classification was made within each class. The cluster analysis facilitated the clustering of sunflower hybrids in relation to the recorded production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaging analysis (UAV images) was used to evaluate a corn crop under hydric stress conditions. From the analysis of the series of images (June 29 - T1, July 20 - T2, year 2022) the values of the RGB parameters resulted. Suplementary the luminance (Lum), normalized values (rgb), values in the HSB system, and INT, NDI and DGCI indices, were determined. The correlation analysis identified 18 very strong correlations between the parameters considered at the time of T1, and 10 very strong correlations at the time of T2. The PCA analysis led to the classification of the components: seven components in PC1 (R = -9.93 the highest value) and three components in PC2 (Lum = 0.970 the highest value) at the time of T1; four components in PC1 (r = -0.990 the highest value) and four components in PC2 (Lum = 0.949 the highest value) at time T2. The differences between the series of parameters, at the moments T1 and T2, were confirmed by values U = 18, p = 0.017 in the case of parameter G; U = 10, p = 0.0028 in the case of the B parameter; t = 9.4202, p < 0.01 in the case of NDI; t = 9.2066, p<0.001, U = 1, p < 0.001 in the case of INT; t = 9.3176, p < 0.001 in the case of DGCI; t = 7.5581, p < 0.001, U = 3, p < 0.001 in the case of Lum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to use a technique based on aerial images (UAV) to wheat production estimation. The images were taken with the drone (UAV, DJI Phantom 4) at different image capture heights (ICH), in the range of 1.5 - 50 m from the ground level, and resulted in 18 sets of images (trials, T). The resized images (crop image, 1,000 x 2,000 pixels) were analyzed and the information for RGB color parameters was obtained. Very strong correlations were recorded between color parameters R and G (r=0.993), as well as between these two color parameters and ICH (r=0.940 in the case of R, respectively r=0.918 in the case of G). Based on the trials distribution in the PCA diagram and in the CA dendrogram, 14 trials (T1, T3-T6, T8-T10, T12-T14, T16-T18) were selected for Training & model construction (Tmc), and four trials (T2, T7, T11 and T15) for were used for Testing & model validation (Tmv). Through the regression analysis, a wheat production estimation model was obtained based on RGB parameters under statistical safety conditions (R2=0.999, p<0.001). Flowchart diagram of process was proposed for the present study, and the work process, respectively the obtained models can be adapted for various other agricultural crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study used the technique based on aerial images (UAV) to estimate the production of the sunflower crop, hybrid P64LE25. The experiment was organized within SCDA Lovrin, Timis County, Romania, in the 2021-2022 agricultural year, under the conditions of a chernozem type soil, non-irrigated system. The images were taken with the drone (DJI Phantom 4), at variable heights (H, 3 to 50 m). From the analysis of the digital images, the values of the RGB color parameters were obtained. The distribution of the RGB data series was of normal type (r = 0.950 for R, r = 0.960 for G and r = 0.965 for B). Very strong correlations were recorded between color parameters (r = 0.994 for R and G, r = 0.954 for R and B, r = 0.948 for G and B), and weak correlations between RGB and H. From PCA, PC1 explained 97.698% of variance, and PC2 explained 2.1027% of variance. Regression analysis facilitated the prediction of sunflower production based on RGB values, under statistical safety conditions (p<0.001; RMSEP = 1.7907 in relatin to R and G; RMSEP = 4.5869 in relation to R and B; RMSEP = 3.6978 in relation to G and B). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blumeria graminis (DC) f. sp. avenae Em. Marchal (powdery mildew) fungus is considered an important foliar pathogen for oat that can affect the yield and the quality, mainly in the years with cool and humid weather. Climate conditions in the spring of 2019 in Banat Plain (Lovrin area) were favourable for infections. The research objective was to identify the oat lines with good resistance to powdery mildew. Thus, there were monitored 15 oat lines. The research method applied was the calculation of the incidence, severity and infection degree of the fungus. The relative resistance of the oat lines was set by comparing the infection degree of the tested material with the oat line that had the highest sensitivity to the attack of the pathogen. The frequency of the plants with powdery mildew symptoms was comprised between 5% and 100%. The infection severity had values between 10% and 70%. The most resistant oat line from the experience was 2509 and the most sensitive was 2515. The resistant lines could be used to the creation of some productive oat varieties with a good resistance to the attack of powdery mildew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]