189 results on '"BUZALAF, M. A. R."'
Search Results
2. Absence of DNA Damage in Multiple Organs after Oral Exposure to Fluoride in Wistar Rats
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Buzalaf, M. A. R., Salvadori, D. M. F., Marques, M. E. A., Caroselli, E. E., Leite, A. L., Camargo, E. A., and Ribeiro, D. A.
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- 2006
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3. Total fluoride intake and excretion in children up to 4 years of age living in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas
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Zohoori, F. V., Buzalaf, M. A. R., Cardoso, C. A. B., Olympio, K. P. K., Levy, F. M., Grizzo, L. T., Mangueira, D. F. B., Sampaio, F. C., and Maguire, A.
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- 2013
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4. Effect of prolonged erosive pH cycling on different restorative materials
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HONÓRIO, H. M., RIOS, D., FRANCISCONI, L. F., MAGALHÃES, A. C., MACHADO, M. A. A. M., and BUZALAF, M. A. R.
- Published
- 2008
5. Effects of Erosive, Cariogenic or Combined Erosive/Cariogenic Challenges on Human Enamel: An in situ/ex vivo Study
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Honório, H. M., Rios, D., Santos, C. F., Magalhães, A. C., Buzalaf, M. A. R., and Machado, M. A. A. M.
- Published
- 2008
6. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents
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Lussi, Adrian, Buzalaf, M A R, Duangthip, D, Anttonen, V, Ganss, C, João-Souza, Samira Helena, Baumann, Tommy, and Saads Carvalho, Thiago
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stomatognathic diseases ,610 Medicine & health - Abstract
BACKGROUND Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has gained increasing clinical relevance. It is estimated that worldwide 30-50% of deciduous and 20-45% of permanent teeth are affected. One of the most important nutritional factors causing ETW is the overconsumption of soft drinks, but also patient-related factors like reflux or eating disorders can lead to erosive lesions. Whether acids lead to erosive demineralisation depends on their degree of saturation with respect to tooth mineral at their actual pH. REVIEW Fluoride compounds like sodium or amine fluoride seem to be of limited efficacy against erosion, the main reason for this is the missing biofilm in the erosive process as well as the lower pH of the acids compared to bacterial acids. This means that to achieve some kind of preventive effect it would be necessary to use products with higher fluoride concentration, which is not an appropriate option for small children, and/or to increase the frequency of application. In addition, the fluoride compound plays a role as promising effects were found when fluoride is combined with titanium or stannous ions. TiF4 can cause acid-resistant surface coatings and when Sn2+/F- formulations are applied, Sn is not only found on the surface but is also incorporated into enamel and dentine. Both effects make the tooth surface more resistant against acid demineralisation. Different fluoride-containing vehicles have been tested to prevent erosion/ETW, such as toothpastes, rinses, gels and varnishes. Toothpastes offer some degree of protection, especially Sn2+-containing formulations, but effects of the active ingredients are sometimes counteracted by the presence of abrasives. CONCLUSION Detecting associated factors and influencing them is the main instrument in arresting erosive tooth wear. Additionally, patients at risk for dental erosion should always use an additional fluoride source preferably containing Sn2+.
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- 2019
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7. Effect of adhesive systems associated with resin-modified glass ionomer cements
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WANG, L., SAKAI, V. T., KAWAI, E. S., BUZALAF, M. A. R., and ATTA, M. T.
- Published
- 2006
8. Total and acid-soluble fluoride content of infant cereals, beverages and biscuits from Brazil
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Buzalaf, M. A. R., de Almeida, B. S., da Silva Cardoso, V. E., Olympio, K. P. K., and de Almeida Furlani, T.
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- 2004
9. The use of fluoride for the prevention of dental erosion and erosive tooth wear in children and adolescents
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Lussi, A., primary, Buzalaf, M. A. R., additional, Duangthip, D., additional, Anttonen, V., additional, Ganss, C., additional, João-Souza, S. H., additional, Baumann, T., additional, and Carvalho, T. S., additional
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- 2019
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10. Prevention of erosive tooth wear: targeting nutritional and patient-related risks factors
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Buzalaf, M. A. R., primary, Magalhães, A. C., additional, and Rios, D., additional
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- 2018
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11. Preparation and characterization of alloys of the Ti-15Mo-Nb system for biomedical applications
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Martins Júnior, J. R. S., primary, Matos, A. A., additional, Oliveira, R. C., additional, Buzalaf, M. A. R., additional, Costa, I., additional, Rocha, L. A., additional, and Grandini, C. R., additional
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- 2017
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12. Fluoride in dental erosion
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Buzalaf, M A R, Buzalaf, M A R ( M A R ), Magalhães, A C, Wiegand, A, Rios, D, Lussi, A, Buzalaf, M A R, Buzalaf, M A R ( M A R ), Magalhães, A C, Wiegand, A, Rios, D, and Lussi, A
- Abstract
Dental erosion develops through chronic exposure to extrinsic/intrinsic acids with a low pH. Enamel erosion is characterized by a centripetal dissolution leaving a small demineralized zone behind. In contrast, erosive demineralization in dentin is more complex as the acid-induced mineral dissolution leads to the exposure of collagenous organic matrix, which hampers ion diffusion and, thus, reduces further progression of the lesion. Topical fluoridation inducing the formation of a protective layer on dental hard tissue, which is composed of CaF(2) (in case of conventional fluorides like amine fluoride or sodium fluoride) or of metal-rich surface precipitates (in case of titanium tetrafluoride or tin-containing fluoride products), appears to be most effective on enamel. In dentin, the preventive effect of fluorides is highly dependent on the presence of the organic matrix. In situ studies have shown a higher protective potential of fluoride in enamel compared to dentin, probably as the organic matrix is affected by enzymatical and chemical degradation as well as by abrasive influences in the clinical situation. There is convincing evidence that fluoride, in general, can strengthen teeth against erosive acid damage, and high-concentration fluoride agents and/or frequent applications are considered potentially effective approaches in preventing dental erosion. The use of tin-containing fluoride products might provide the best approach for effective prevention of dental erosion. Further properly designed in situ or clinical studies are recommended in order to better understand the relative differences in performance of the various fluoride agents and formulations.
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- 2011
13. Different protocols to produce artificial dentine carious lesions in vitro and in situ: hardness and mineral content correlation
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Moron, B M, Comar, L P, Wiegand, A, Buchalla, W, Yu, H, Buzalaf, M A R, Magalhães, A C, University of Zurich, and Magalhães, A C
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10066 Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry ,610 Medicine & health ,3500 General Dentistry - Published
- 2013
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14. Review of Fluoride Intake and Appropriateness of Current Guidelines.
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Buzalaf, M. A. R.
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CAVITY prevention ,DENTAL fluoride treatment ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,DISEASE susceptibility ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,FLUORIDES ,MEDICAL protocols ,FLUOROSIS ,ORAL hygiene ,NUTRITION policy ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,WATER fluoridation ,COMMUNITY-based social services - Abstract
Since the classical epidemiological studies by Dean, it has been known that there should be an optimum level of exposure to fluoride that would be able to provide the maximum protection against caries, with minimum dental fluorosis. The "optimal" daily intake of fluoride for children (0.05-0.07 mg per kilogram bodyweight) that is still accepted worldwide was empirically determined. In the present review, we discuss the appropriateness of the current guidance for fluoride intake, in light of the windows of susceptibility to caries and fluorosis, the modern trends of fluoride intake from multiple sources, individual variations in fluoride metabolism, and recent epidemiological data. The main conclusion is that it is very difficult to think about a strict recommendation for an "optimal" range of fluoride intake at the individual level in light of existing knowledge of 1) the mechanisms of action of fluoride to control caries, 2) the mechanisms involved in dental fluorosis development, 3) the distinct factors that interfere in the metabolism of fluoride, and 4) the windows of susceptibility to both dental caries and fluorosis development. An "optimal" range of fluoride intake is, however, desirable at the population level to guide programs of community fluoridation, but further research is necessary to provide additional support for future decisions on guidance in this area. This list includes the effect of factors affecting fluoride metabolism, clinical trials on the effectiveness of low-fluoride dentifrices to prevent caries in the primary dentition, and validation of biomarkers of exposure to fluoride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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15. Preparation and characterization of alloys of the Ti-15Mo-Nb system for biomedical applications.
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Martins Júnior, J. R. S., Matos, A. A., Oliveira, R. C., Buzalaf, M. A. R., Costa, I., Rocha, L. A., and Grandini, C. R.
- Abstract
In the development of new metallic biomaterials, the Ti-15Mo alloy has great prominence because of its excellent corrosion resistance and good combination of mechanical properties. In this study, the element niobium was added to the Ti-15Mo alloy, forming the Ti-15Mo-Nb system for the purpose of improving their properties and promoting its application as a biomaterial. These alloys are very promising to use as biomedical implants, because they integrate a new class of titanium alloys without the presence of aluminum and vanadium, which may cause cytotoxic effects. The alloys were produced by arc-melting and characterized by density, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, microhardness, elastic modulus, corrosion, and cytotoxicity assays. The developed alloys have β phase predominance (with bcc crystalline structure). The addition of niobium decreases the microhardness and elastic modulus, with values around 80 GPa, which is well below that of the metallic alloys used commercially for this type of application. Very low passive current densities were found for all alloys studied showing that the passive film on these alloys is highly protective. In vitro cytotoxicity tests revealed that the introduction of niobium did not cause cytotoxic effects in the studied alloys. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 639-648, 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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16. Effect of titanium tetrafluoride and amine fluoride treatment combined with carbon dioxide laser irradiation on enamel and dentin erosion
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Wiegand, A, Magalhães, A C, Navarro, R S, Schmidlin, P R, Rios, D, Buzalaf, M A R, Attin, T, University of Zurich, and Wiegand, A
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10066 Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry ,2204 Biomedical Engineering ,2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging ,610 Medicine & health - Published
- 2010
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17. The effect of an experimental 4% Tif4 varnish compared to NaF varnishes and 4% TiF4 solution on dental erosion in vitro
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Magalhães, A C, Kato, M T, Rios, D, Wiegand, A, Attin, T, Buzalaf, M A R, and University of Zurich
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10066 Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry ,610 Medicine & health ,3500 General Dentistry - Published
- 2008
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18. A New Sugarcane Cystatin Strongly Binds to Dental Enamel and Reduces Erosion.
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Santiago, A. C., Khan, Z. N., Miguel, M. C., Gironda, C. C., Soares-Costa, A., Pelá, V. T., Leite, A. L., Edwardson, J. M., Buzalaf, M. A. R., and Henrique-Silva, F.
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TOOTH erosion ,CYSTATINS ,CAVITY prevention ,CATHEPSINS ,ATOMIC force microscopy ,SUGARCANE ,PREVENTION ,DENTAL enamel ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,INCISORS ,MICROSCOPY ,PLANTS ,PROTEINS ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,IN vitro studies - Abstract
Cystatin B was recently identified as an acid-resistant protein in acquired enamel pellicle; it could therefore be included in oral products to protect against caries and erosion. However, human recombinant cystatin is very expensive, and alternatives to its use are necessary. Phytocystatins are reversible inhibitors of cysteine peptidases that are found naturally in plants. In plants, they have several biological and physiological functions, such as the regulation of endogenous processes, defense against pathogens, and response to abiotic stress. Previous studies performed by our research group have reported high inhibitory activity and potential agricultural and medical applications of several sugarcane cystatins, including CaneCPI-1, CaneCPI-2, CaneCPI-3, and CaneCPI-4. In the present study, we report the characterization of a novel sugarcane cystatin, named CaneCPI-5. This cystatin was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli, and inhibitory assays demonstrated that it was a potent inhibitor of human cathepsins B, K, and L ( Ki = 6.87, 0.49, and 0.34 nM, respectively). The ability of CaneCPI-5 to bind to dental enamel was evaluated using atomic force microscopy. Its capacity to protect against initial enamel erosion was also tested in vitro via changes in surface hardness. CaneCPI-5 showed a very large force of interaction with enamel (e.g., compared with mucin and casein) and significantly reduced initial enamel erosion. These results suggest that the inclusion of CaneCPIs in dental products might confer protection against enamel erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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19. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–5wt-%Ni alloys for use as biomaterial
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Cascadan, D., primary, Buzalaf, M. A. R., additional, and Grandini, C. R., additional
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- 2014
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20. Impact of different fluoride concentrations and pH of dentifrices on tooth erosion/abrasion in vitro
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Moron, B M, Miyazaki, S S H, Ito, N, Wiegand, A, Vilhena, F, Buzalaf, M A R, Magalhães, A C, Moron, B M, Miyazaki, S S H, Ito, N, Wiegand, A, Vilhena, F, Buzalaf, M A R, and Magalhães, A C
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: This in vitro study analysed the effect of different fluoride concentrations in acidic or neutral liquid dentifrices in protecting enamel and dentine from erosive and abrasive wear. METHODS: Bovine enamel and dentine specimens (n = 132) were randomly allocated to 11 groups (each n = 12): experimental liquid dentifrices with 550 ppm F, 1100 ppm F, 5000 ppm F or 0 ppm F/placebo (each at pH 4.5 and pH 7.0); and commercial dentifrices with 550 ppm F (Colgate Baby, pH 7.0), 1100 ppm F (Crest, pH 7.0) and 5000 ppm F (Duraphat, pH 7.0). The specimens were subjected to erosion for 90 seconds, 4 times/day, over 7 days. Immediately after the first and last erosion, the specimens were brushed for 15 seconds using one of the dentifrices. Tooth wear was measured profilometrically (μm) and analysed by ANOVA (p < 0.05). RESULTS: All fluoridated liquid dentifrices significantly reduced enamel wear compared to the placebo and commercial dentifrices. Only liquid dentifrices with 1100 and 5000 ppm F significantly reduced dentine wear compared to placebo dentifrice. The pH had no effect, but the consistency had a significant impact on the effect of dentifrices. CONCLUSIONS: Liquid dentifrices with high F concentration appear to be a good option to prevent tooth wear.
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- 2013
21. Proceedings: 9th World Congress on Preventive Dentistry (WCPD): 'Community Participation and Global Alliances for Lifelong Oral Health for All,' Phuket, Thailand, September 7-10, 2009
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Clarkson, J, Watt, R G, Rugg-Gunn, A J, Pitiphat, W, Ettinger, R L, Horowitz, A M, Petersen, P E, ten Cate, J M, Vianna, R, Ferrillo, P, Gugushe, T S, Siriphant, P, Pine, C, Buzalaf, M A R, Pessan, J P, Levy, S, Chankanka, O, Maki, Y, Postma, T C, Villena, R S, Wang, W J, MacEntee, M I, Shinsho, F, Cal, E, Ruud, R E, Schou, L, Shin, S C, Fox, C H, Clarkson, J, Watt, R G, Rugg-Gunn, A J, Pitiphat, W, Ettinger, R L, Horowitz, A M, Petersen, P E, ten Cate, J M, Vianna, R, Ferrillo, P, Gugushe, T S, Siriphant, P, Pine, C, Buzalaf, M A R, Pessan, J P, Levy, S, Chankanka, O, Maki, Y, Postma, T C, Villena, R S, Wang, W J, MacEntee, M I, Shinsho, F, Cal, E, Ruud, R E, Schou, L, Shin, S C, and Fox, C H
- Abstract
Information is presented about the 9th World Congress on Preventive Dentistry which was hosted by the International Association for Dental Research in Phuket, Thailand on September 7-10, 2009. The conference's theme, "Community Participation and Global Alliances for Lifelong Oral Health for All," is mentioned. Topics include oral health promotion, prevention of early childhood caries, and primary dentition..
- Published
- 2010
22. Comparison of cross-sectional hardness and transverse microradiography of artificial carious enamel lesions induced by different demineralising solutions and gels
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Magalhães, A C, Moron, B M, Comar, L P, Wiegand, A, Buchalla, W, Buzalaf, M A R, Magalhães, A C, Moron, B M, Comar, L P, Wiegand, A, Buchalla, W, and Buzalaf, M A R
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The aims of this study were: (1) to correlate surface (SH) and cross-sectional hardness (CSH) with microradiographic parameters of artificial enamel lesions; (2) to compare lesions prepared by different protocols. Fifty bovine enamel specimens were allocated by stratified randomisation according to their initial SH values to five groups and lesions produced by different methods: MC gel (methylcellulose gel/lactic acid, pH 4.6, 14 days); PA gel (polyacrylic acid/lactic acid/hydroxyapatite, pH 4.8, 16 h); MHDP (undersaturated lactate buffer/methyl diphosphonate, pH 5.0, 6 days); buffer (undersaturated acetate buffer/fluoride, pH 5.0, 16 h), and pH cycling (7 days). SH of the lesions (SH(1)) was measured. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned and transverse microradiography (TMR) and CSH measured at 10- to 220-microm depth from the surface. Overall, there was a medium correlation but non-linear and variable relationship between mineral content and radicalCSH. radicalSH(1) was weakly to moderately correlated with surface layer properties, weakly correlated with lesion depth but uncorrelated with integrated mineral loss. MHDP lesions showed the highest subsurface mineral loss, followed by pH cycling, buffer, PA gel and MC gel lesions. The conclusions were: (1) CSH, as an alternative to TMR, does not estimate mineral content very accurately, but gives information about mechanical properties of lesions; (2) SH should not be used to analyse lesions; (3) artificial caries lesions produced by the protocols differ, especially considering the method of analysis.
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- 2009
23. Protective effect of green tea on dentin erosion and abrasion
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Kato, M T, Magalhães, A C, Rios, D, Hannas, A R, Attin, T, Buzalaf, M A R, Kato, M T, Magalhães, A C, Rios, D, Hannas, A R, Attin, T, and Buzalaf, M A R
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This in situ study evaluated the protective effect of green tea on dentin erosion (ERO) and erosion-abrasion (ABR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances with bovine dentin specimens subjected to ERO or ERO + toothbrushing abrasion performed immediately (ERO+I-ABR) or 30 min after erosion (ERO+30-min-ABR). During 2 experimental 5-day crossover phases, the volunteers rinsed with green tea or water (control, 1 min) between each erosive (5 min, cola drink) and abrasive challenge (30 s, toothbrushing), 4x/day. Dentin wear was measured by profilometry. RESULTS: The green tea reduced the dentin wear significantly for all conditions compared to control. ERO+I-ABR led to significantly higher wear than ERO, but it was not significantly different from ERO+30-min-ABR. ERO+30-min-ABR provoked significant higher wear than ERO, only for the placebo treatment. CONCLUSIONS: From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that green tea reduces the dentin wear under erosive/abrasive conditions.
- Published
- 2009
24. Light cola drink is less erosive than the regular one: an in situ/ex vivo study
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Rios, D, Honório, H M, Magalhães, A C, Wiegand, A, de Andrade Moreira Machado, M A, Buzalaf, M A R, Rios, D, Honório, H M, Magalhães, A C, Wiegand, A, de Andrade Moreira Machado, M A, and Buzalaf, M A R
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This in situ/ex vivo study assessed the erosive potential of a light cola drink when compared to a regular one. METHODS: During 2 experimental 14-days crossover phases, eight volunteers wore palatal devices with 2 human enamel blocks. The groups under study were: group light, erosive challenge with light cola drink and group regular, erosive challenge with regular cola drink. During 14 days, erosive challenges were performed extraorally 3X/day. In each challenge, the device was immersed in 150ml of light cola (group light) or regular cola (group regular) for 5min. Erosion was analysed by surface profilometry (microm) and surface microhardness change (%SMH). The data were statistically analyzed using paired t test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Group light (0.6+/-0.2microm) showed significantly lesser wear than group regular (3.1+/-1.0microm). There was no significant difference between the groups for the %SMH (group light -63.9+/-13.9 and group regular -78.5+/-12.7). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the light cola drink is less erosive than the regular one.
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- 2009
25. Insights into preventive measures for dental erosion
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Magalhães, A C, Wiegand, A, Rios, D, Honório, H M, Buzalaf, M A R, Magalhães, A C, Wiegand, A, Rios, D, Honório, H M, and Buzalaf, M A R
- Abstract
Dental erosion is defined as the loss of tooth substance by acid exposure not involving bacteria. The etiology of erosion is related to different behavioral, biological and chemical factors. Based on an overview of the current literature, this paper presents a summary of the preventive strategies relevant for patients suffering from dental erosion. Behavioral factors, such as special drinking habits, unhealthy lifestyle factors or occupational acid exposure, might modify the extent of dental erosion. Thus, preventive strategies have to include measures to reduce the frequency and duration of acid exposure as well as adequate oral hygiene measures, as it is known that eroded surfaces are more susceptible to abrasion. Biological factors, such as saliva or acquired pellicle, act protectively against erosive demineralization. Therefore, the production of saliva should be enhanced, especially in patients with hyposalivation or xerostomia. With regard to chemical factors, the modification of acidic solutions with ions, especially calcium, was shown to reduce the demineralization, but the efficacy depends on the other chemical factors, such as the type of acid. To enhance the remineralization of eroded surfaces and to prevent further progression of dental wear, high-concentrated fluoride applications are recommended. Currently, little information is available about the efficacy of other preventive strategies, such as calcium and laser application, as well as the use of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Further studies considering these factors are required. In conclusion, preventive strategies for patients suffering from erosion are mainly obtained from in vitro and in situ studies and include dietary counseling, stimulation of salivary flow, optimization of fluoride regimens, modification of erosive beverages and adequate oral hygiene measures.
- Published
- 2009
26. Chlorhexidine and green tea extract reduce dentin erosion and abrasion in situ
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Magalhães, A C, Wiegand, A, Rios, D, Hannas, A, Attin, T, Buzalaf, M A R, Magalhães, A C, Wiegand, A, Rios, D, Hannas, A, Attin, T, and Buzalaf, M A R
- Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This in situ/ex vivo study aimed to analyse the impact of possible MMP-inhibitors (chlorhexidine and green tea extract) on dentin wear induced by erosion or erosion plus abrasion. METHODS: Twelve volunteers took part in this cross-over and double-blind study performed in 4 phases of each 5 days. Bovine dentin samples were worn in palatal appliances and subjected to extraoral erosion (4 times/day, Coca-Cola, 5 min) or erosion plus abrasion (2 times/day, fluoride-free toothpaste and electrical toothbrush, 15s/sample). Immediately after each erosion, the appliances were reinserted in the mouth and the oral cavity was rinsed for 60s with: 250 ppm F solution (SnF(2)/AmF, pH 4.5, Meridol-Gaba, Switzerland), 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (0.06% chlorhexidine, pH 6.0, Periogard-Colgate, Brazil), 0.61% green tea extract solution (OM24, 100% Camellia Sinensis leaf extract, catechin concentration: 30+/-3%, pH 7.0, Omnimedica, Switzerland) or deionized water (pH 6.0, control). Dentin loss was assessed by profilometry (microm). The data were analysed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the conditions (EroxEro+Abr, p<0.001) and among the solutions (p<0.001). All solutions (F: 1.42+/-0.34; 1.73+/-0.50, chlorhexidine: 1.15+/-0.26; 1.59+/-0.32, green tea: 1.06+/-0.30; 1.54+/-0.55) significantly reduced the dentin wear when compared to control (2.00+/-0.55; 2.41+/-0.83) for both conditions. There were not significant differences among green tea extract, chlorhexidine and F solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the possible MMP-inhibitors tested in this study seem to be a promising preventive measure to reduce dentin erosion-abrasion, but their mechanism of action needs to be investigated in further studies.
- Published
- 2009
27. The efficacy of a highly concentrated fluoride dentifrice on bovine enamel subjected to erosion and abrasion
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Rios, D, Magalhães, A C, Polo, R O B, Wiegand, A, Attin, T, Buzalaf, M A R, Rios, D, Magalhães, A C, Polo, R O B, Wiegand, A, Attin, T, and Buzalaf, M A R
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Researchers have proposed the use of fluoride for the prevention of enamel wear; however, only limited information is available about the impact of fluoridated dentifrices. Because tooth wear is a well-recognized dental problem, the authors conducted an in situ, ex vivo study to assess the efficacy of a highly concentrated fluoride dentifrice on bovine enamel subjected to erosion and abrasion. METHODS: The authors conducted a double-blind, crossover in situ study consisting of three phases (seven days each). In each phase, the authors tested one of the dentifrices (5,000 parts per million fluoride [F]; 1,100 ppm F; no F). They performed erosive challenges with the use of cola drink (60 seconds, four times per day) and abrasive challenges via toothbrushing (30 seconds, four times per day). The authors determined the enamel loss via profilometry. RESULTS: The authors tested the data by using two-way analysis of variance (P < .05). For the erosion-plus-abrasion condition, the study results showed that enamel wear was significantly higher than that with erosion alone. The findings showed no significant differences between the dentifrices regarding enamel wear. CONCLUSIONS: Within the in situ, ex vivo conditions of this study, the authors concluded that the highly concentrated fluoride dentifrice did not have a protective effect on enamel against erosion and erosion plus toothbrushing abrasion. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Patients at risk of developing enamel erosion should benefit from preventive measures other than fluoride dentifrice, because even a highly concentrated fluoride dentifrice does not appear to prevent enamel erosion.
- Published
- 2008
28. Effect of different concentrations of fluoride in dentifrices on dentin erosion subjected or not to abrasion in situ/ex vivo
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Magalhães, A C, Rios, D, Moino, A L, Wiegand, A, Attin, T, Buzalaf, M A R, Magalhães, A C, Rios, D, Moino, A L, Wiegand, A, Attin, T, and Buzalaf, M A R
- Abstract
This in situ/ex vivo study assessed the effect of different concentrations of fluoride in dentifrices on dentin subjected to erosion or to erosion plus abrasion. Ten volunteers took part in this crossover and double-blind study performed in 3 phases (7 days). They wore acrylic palatal appliances containing 4 bovine dentin blocks divided in two rows: erosion and erosion plus abrasion. The blocks were subjected to erosion by immersion ex vivo in a cola drink (60 s, pH 2.6) 4 times daily. During this step, the volunteers brushed their teeth with one of three dentifrices D (5,000 ppm F, NaF, silica); C (1,100 ppm F, NaF, silica) and placebo (22 ppm F, silica). Then, the respective dentifrice slurry (1:3) was dripped on dentin surfaces. While no further treatment was performed in one row, the other row was brushed using an electric toothbrush for 30 s ex vivo. The appliances were replaced in the mouth and the volunteers rinsed with water. Dentin loss was determined by profilometry and analyzed by 2-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test (a = 0.05). Dentin loss after erosive-abrasive wear was significantly greater than after erosion alone. Wear was significantly higher for the placebo than for the D and C dentifrices, which were not significantly different from each other. It can be concluded that the presence of fluoride concentrations around 1,100 ppm in dentifrices is important to reduce dentin wear by erosion and erosion + abrasion, but the protective effect does not increase with fluoride concentration.
- Published
- 2008
29. Effect of Erosive pH Cycling on Different Restorative Materials and on Enamel Restored with These Materials
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Francisconi, L. F., primary, Honório, H. M., primary, Rios, D., primary, Magalhães, A. C., primary, Machado, M. A. A. M., primary, and Buzalaf, M. A. R., primary
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Low-Level Fluoride Exposure Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Experimental Diabetes.
- Author
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Lobo, J. G. V. M., Leite, A. L., Pereira, H. A. B. S., Fernandes, M. S., Peres-Buzalaf, C., Sumida, D. H., Rigalli, A., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
FLUORIDES ,INSULIN resistance risk factors ,DIABETES ,HOMEOSTASIS ,GLUCOSE ,LABORATORY rats ,PROTEOMICS ,PROTEIN expression ,MAMMALS - Abstract
The effect of chronic fluoride (F) exposure from the drinking water on parameters related to glucose homeostasis was investigated. Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 2 groups (diabetic [D] and nondiabetic [ND]; n = 54 each). In D, diabetes was induced with streptozotocin. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups (0, 10, or 50 mgF/L in drinking water). After 22 days of treatment, plasma and liver samples were collected. No alterations in glycemia, insulinemia, KITT, and HOMA2-IR (homeostasis model assessment 2 of insulin resistance) were seen for ND. F-exposure of D rats led to significantly lower insulinemia, without alterations in glycemia (increased %S). Proteomic analysis detected 19, 39, and 16 proteins differentially expressed for the comparisons D0 vs. D10, D0 vs. D50, and D10 vs. D50, respectively. Gene Ontology with the most significant terms in the comparisons D0 vs. D10, D0 vs. D50, and D50 vs. D10 were organic acid metabolic process and carboxylic acid metabolic process, organic acid metabolic process, and cellular ketone metabolic process. Analysis of subnetworks revealed that proteins with fold changes interacted with GLUT4 in comparison D0 vs. D10. Among these proteins, ERj3p was present in D10. Upregulation of this protein in the presence of F might help to explain the higher %S found in these animals. These data suggest that fluoride might enhance glucose homeostasis in diabetes and identify specific biological mechanisms that merit future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effectiveness of a chlorhexidine dentifrice in orthodontic patients: a randomized‐controlled trial
- Author
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Olympio, K. P. K., primary, Bardal, P. A. P., additional, Bastos J. R., De M., additional, and Buzalaf, M. A. R., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Factors associated with fluoride concentrations in whole and parotid ductal saliva.
- Author
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Fukushima, R, Pessan, J P, Sampaio, F C, and Buzalaf, M A R
- Abstract
Background/Aims: There are still uncertainties regarding the use of whole and parotid ductal saliva as indicators of chronic exposure to fluoride. This study evaluated the effect of water fluoride concentration, age, gender, geographical area and localization (urban/rural) on fluoride concentrations in whole and ductal saliva. Methods: Subjects (n = 300) aged 3-7, 14-20, 30-40 and 50-60 years, from five communities (A-E) with different fluoride concentrations in the drinking water, participated in the study. Two samples of drinking water and parotid and whole saliva were collected for each subject and were analyzed for fluoride using appropriate electrode techniques. Results: Mean water F concentrations (±SE, mg/l, n = 60) were 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.66 ± 0.01, 0.72 ± 0.02, and 1.68 ± 0.08 for A-E, respectively. Mean F concentrations (±SE, mg/l, n = 15) ranged between 0.014 ± 0.002 (A, 3-7 years) and 0.297 ± 0.057 (D, 14-20 years) for whole saliva and 0.009 ± 0.001 (C, 30-40 years) and 0.284 ± 0.038 (E, 50-60 years) for parotid saliva. Results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that geographical area and water fluoride concentration exerted the strongest influence in whole and ductal saliva F concentrations, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, parotid ductal saliva seems to be a more appropriate biomarker of fluoride exposure, and factors like age and localization should also be considered when using this biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
33. Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bovine versus Human Dentine.
- Author
-
Kato, M T, Hannas, A R, Leite, A L, Bolanho, A, Zarella, B L, Santos, J, Carrilho, M, Tjäderhane, L, and Buzalaf, M A R
- Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated with metabolism of collagen in physiological and pathological processes in human dentine. As bovine teeth have been used as a substitute for human teeth in laboratory analysis, this study evaluated the activity of MMP-2 and -9 in bovine versus human dentine. Bovine and human dentine fragments, from crowns and roots, were powderized. Protein extraction was performed by two protocols: a neutral extraction with guanidine-HCl/EDTA (pH 7.4) and an acidic extraction with citric acid (pH 2.3). Gelatinolytic activities of extracts were revealed by zymography. MMP-2 and -9 were detected in crown and root dentine from bovine and human teeth. Total activities of MMP-2 were 11.4 ± 2.2, 14.6 ± 2.0, 9.7 ± 1.2 and 12.4 ± 0.9 ng/ml for bovine root, human root, bovine crown and human crown dentine, respectively. Corresponding activities for MMP-9 were 14.9 ± 2.0, 15.3 ± 1.3, 15.4 ± 1.3 and 15.5 ± 1.3 ng/ml, respectively. Bovine dentine was found to be a reliable substrate for studies involving the activity of MMP-2 and -9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
34. Effect of supplementation of soft drinks with green tea extract on their erosive potential against dentine.
- Author
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Barbosa, C. S., Kato, M. T., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
METALLOPROTEINASES ,ENZYME inhibitors ,DENTIN abnormalities ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of soft drinks ,GREEN tea ,PLANT extracts ,REMINERALIZATION (Teeth) ,ANALYSIS of variance ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors reduce dentine erosion. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of the supplementation of soft drinks with green tea extract, a natural inhibitor of MMPs, on their erosive potential against dentine. Methods: For each drink tested (Coca-Cola™, Kuat™ guarana, Sprite™ and light Coca-Cola™), 40 dentine specimens were divided into two subgroups differing with respect to supplementation with green tea extract at 1.2% (OM24
® , 100% Camellia sinensis leaf extract, containing 30 ± 3% of catechin; Omnimedica, Switzerland) or not (control). Specimens were subjected to four pH cycles, alternating de- and remineralization in one day. For each cycle, samples were immersed in pure or supplemented drink (10 minutes, 30 mL per block) and in artificial saliva (60 minutes, 30 mL per block) at 37 °C, under agitation. Dentine alterations were determined by profilometry (μm). Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p < 0.05). Results: A significant difference was observed among the drinks tested with Sprite™ leading to the highest surface loss and light Coca-Cola™ to the lowest. Supplementation with green tea extract reduced the surface loss by 15% to 40% but the difference was significant for Coca-Cola™ only. Conclusions: Supplementation of soft drinks with green tea extract might be a viable alternative to reduce their erosive potential against dentine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
35. Low-Fluoride Acidic Dentifrice: A Randomized Clinical Trial in a Fluoridated Area.
- Author
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Vilhena, F. V., Olympio, K. P. K., Lauris, J. R. P., Delbem, A. C. B., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
DENTIFRICES ,FLUORIDES ,DENTAL caries ,HYDROGEN-ion concentration ,CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Background: Low-fluoride dentifrices have been suggested as alternatives to reduce dental fluorosis risk, but there is no consensus regarding their clinical effectiveness, which has been suggested to be increased when their pH is acidic. Aims: This single-blind randomized clinical trial evaluated the caries increment during the use of a low-fluoride acidic liquid dentifrice. Methods: Four-year-old schoolchildren (n = 1,402) living in a fluoridated area (0.6-0.8 ppm F) were randomly allocated to 4 groups differing according to the type of dentifrice used over a 20-month period. Group 1 (n = 345): liquid dentifrice, 1,100 ppm F, pH 4.5. Group 2 (n = 343): liquid dentifrice, 1,100 ppm F, pH 7.0. Group 3 (n = 354): liquid dentifrice, 550 ppm F, pH 4.5. Group 4 (n = 360): toothpaste, 1,100 ppm F, pH 7.0. At baseline and after 20 months, clinical examinations were conducted (dmfs index) and caries increment was calculated. Data were analysed by GLM procedure using classrooms (cluster) as unit of analysis (p < 0.05). Results: The mean ± SD (95% CI) net increments found were as follows. Group 1: 2.06 ± 2.38 (1.8-2.3); group 2: 2.08 ± 2.87 (1.7-2.4); group 3: 2.05 ± 2.79 (1.7-2.4), and group 4: 2.08 ± 2.34 (1.8-2.4). No significant differences were detected among the groups. Conclusion: In a population with high caries risk living in a fluoridated area, as the selected sample, and according to the present protocol, the low-fluoride acidic liquid dentifrice seems to lead to similar caries progression rates as conventional 1,100 ppm F toothpaste. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Effect of Iron on Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition and on the Prevention of Dentine Erosion.
- Author
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Kato, M. T., Leite, A. L., Hannas, A. R., Oliveira, R. C., Pereira, J. C., Tjäderhane, L., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
METALLOPROTEINASES ,DENTIN ,TOOTH erosion ,IRON ,COLA drinks ,DENTISTRY - Abstract
It is known that some metal salts can inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, but the effect of iron has not been tested yet. On the other hand, it has recently been suggested that MMP inhibition might influence dentine erosion. Based on this, the aims of this study were: (1) to test in vitro the effect of FeSO
4 on MMP-2 and -9 activity, and (2) to evaluate in situ the effect of FeSO4 gel on dentine erosion. MMP-2 and -9 activities were analysed zymographically in buffers containing FeSO4 in concentrations ranging between 0.05 and 1.5 mmol/l or not. Volunteers (n = 10) wore devices containing bovine dentine blocks (n = 60) previously treated with the following gel treatments: FeSO4 (1 mmol/l FeSO4 ), F (NaF 1.23%; positive control) and placebo (negative control). The gels were applied once and removed after 1 min. Erosion was performed extraorally with Coca-Cola 4 times per day for 5 min over 5 days. Dentine wear was evaluated by profilometry. The data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests (p < 0.05). FeSO4 inhibited both MMP-2 (IC50 = 0.75 mmol/l) and MMP-9 (IC50 = 0.50 mmol/l) activities. In the in situexperiment, the mean wear (± SD) found for the F gel (0.79 ± 0.08 μm) was significantly reduced in more than 50% when compared to the placebo gel (1.77 ± 0.33 μm), but the FeSO4 gel completely inhibited the wear (0.05 ± 0.02 μm). Since FeSO4 was able to inhibit MMP in vitro, it is possible that the prevention of dentine wear by the FeSO4 gel in situ might be due to MMP inhibition, which should be investigated in further studies. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Preventive Effect of Commercial Desensitizing Toothpastes on Bovine Enamel Erosion in vitro.
- Author
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Kato, M. T., Lancia, M., Sales-Peres, S. H. C., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
TOOTHPASTE ,TOOTH erosion ,DENTAL enamel ,FLUORIDES ,DENTIFRICES - Abstract
This study evaluated in vitro commercial desensitizing toothpastes with respect to the prevention of erosion and explored the effect of their agents alone or in combination with fluoride. Bovine enamel blocks were randomly allocated to five groups of 20 and exposed to: Sensodyne ProNamel (1,425 ppm F as NaF, 5% KNO
3 ), Sensodyne Original (no fluoride, 10% SrCl2 ), Colgate Sensitive (1,450 ppm F as sodium monofluorophosphate, 5% K citrate), Crest (fluoride-only toothpaste, 1,100 ppm F as NaF) and water (negative control). A second experiment was conducted with experimental dentifrices containing fluoride (NaF, 1,100 ppm F), 10% SrCl2 , 5% KNO3 or 5% K citrate alone or the latter three combined with F. The samples were submitted to four cycles, alternating demineralization (cola, 10 min) and remineralization (artificial saliva, 1 h). Before and between cyclic de- and remineralization, blocks were treated with slurries of the respective toothpastes or water (1 min). Erosive tissue loss was analyzed by profilometry. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests (p < 0.05). The mean erosion depth (± SE, μm) was significantly less for Colgate Sensitive (0.04 ± 0.00), Sensodyne Original (0.06 ± 0.01) and Crest (0.07 ± 0.01) than for Sensodyne ProNamel (2.36 ± 0.25) or water (2.92 ± 0.24), which did not significantly differ from each other. Both F and the desensitizing agents alone reduced erosion, but no additive effect was found. In addition, the combination of F and KNO3 did not reduce erosion. These in vitro results suggest that the presence of fluoride or desensitizing substances in toothpastes, alone or in combination, can reduce erosion of enamel, but this is not valid for all the formulations. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Gels Containing MMP Inhibitors Prevent Dental Erosion in situ.
- Author
-
Kato, M. T., Leite, A. L., Hannas, A. R., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
METALLOPROTEINASES ,PROTEINASES ,DENTAL caries ,DENTAL pathology ,TOOTH erosion ,CHLORHEXIDINE ,PROFILOMETER ,TOOTHPASTE - Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition has been shown to reduce dentin caries progression, but its role in dental erosion has not yet been assessed. This study tested the hypothesis that gels containing MMP inhibitors (epigallocatechin gallate-EGCG and chlorhexidine) can prevent dental erosion. Volunteers (n = 10) wore palatal devices containing bovine dentin blocks (n = 10/group) treated for 1 min with EGCG at 10 (EGCG10) or 400 µM (EGCG400), chlorhexidine at 0.012%, F at 1.23% (NaF), and no vehicle (placebo). Erosion was performed with Coca-Cola® (5 min) 4X/day during 5 days. The wear, assessed by profilometry (mean ± SD, µm), was significantly reduced by the gels containing MMP inhibitors (0.05 ± 0.02
a , 0.04 ± 0.02a , and 0.05 ± 0.02a for EGCG10, EGCG400, and chlorhexidine, respectively) when compared with NaF (0.79 ± 0.35b ) and placebo gels (1.77 ± 0.35b ) (Friedman and Dunn's tests, p < 0.01). The use of gels delivering MMP inhibitors was shown to prevent erosion and opens a new perspective for protection against dental erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Cross-Sectional Microhardness of Human Enamel Subjected to Erosive, Cariogenic or Combined Erosive/Cariogenic Challenges.
- Author
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Honório, H. M., Rios, D., Santos, C. F., Magalhães, A. C., Delbem, A. C. B., Buzalaf, M. A. R., and Machado, M. A. A. M.
- Subjects
DENTAL caries ,DENTAL enamel ,DENTAL plaque ,DENTISTRY ,ETIOLOGY of diseases - Abstract
This in situ study evaluated the interaction between caries and erosion processes. In the first phase, enamel specimens were subjected to erosion without dental plaque (EO) or to erosion with plaque (EP); in the second phase, they were subjected to erosion plus cariogenic challenge (EC) or cariogenic challenge (CO), both with plaque accumulation. Cross-sectional hardness data (10–330 μm depth) were tested using ANOVA (α = 0.05). EO and EP showed surface softening to 10 μm depth. CO and EC produced subsurface lesions, of similar depth (up to 220 μm), with CO showing higher integrated loss of hardness than EC, indicating that cariogenic and erosive challenges did not have an additive effect. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Comparison of Cross-Sectional Hardness and Transverse Microradiography of Artificial Carious Enamel Lesions Induced by Different Demineralising Solutions and Gels.
- Author
-
Magalhães, A. C., Moron, B. M., Comar, L. P., Wiegand, A., Buchalla, W., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
MICRORADIOGRAPHY ,DENTAL enamel ,DENTAL caries ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,HARDNESS testing - Abstract
The aims of this study were: (1) to correlate surface (SH) and cross-sectional hardness (CSH) with microradiographic parameters of artificial enamel lesions; (2) to compare lesions prepared by different protocols. Fifty bovine enamel specimens were allocated by stratified randomisation according to their initial SH values to five groups and lesions produced by different methods: MC gel (methylcellulose gel/lactic acid, pH 4.6, 14 days); PA gel (polyacrylic acid/lactic acid/hydroxyapatite, pH 4.8, 16 h); MHDP (undersaturated lactate buffer/methyl diphosphonate, pH 5.0, 6 days); buffer (undersaturated acetate buffer/fluoride, pH 5.0, 16 h), and pH cycling (7 days). SH of the lesions (SH
1 ) was measured. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned and transverse microradiography (TMR) and CSH measured at 10- to 220-μm depth from the surface. Overall, there was a medium correlation but non-linear and variable relationship between mineral content and √CSH. √SH1 was weakly to moderately correlated with surface layer properties, weakly correlated with lesion depth but uncorrelated with integrated mineral loss. MHDP lesions showed the highest subsurface mineral loss, followed by pH cycling, buffer, PA gel and MC gel lesions. The conclusions were: (1) CSH, as an alternative to TMR, does not estimate mineral content very accurately, but gives information about mechanical properties of lesions; (2) SH should not be used to analyse lesions; (3) artificial caries lesions produced by the protocols differ, especially considering the method of analysis. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Influence of Genetic Background on Fluoride Metabolism in Mice.
- Author
-
Carvalho, J. G., Leite, A. L., Yan, D., Everett, E. T., Whitford, G. M., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
FLUOROSIS ,FLUORIDES ,DENTAL research ,GENETICS ,LABORATORY mice ,METABOLISM - Abstract
A/J and 129P3/J mouse strains have different susceptibilities to dental fluorosis, due to their genetic backgrounds. This study tested whether these differences are due to variations in water intake and/or F metabolism. A/J (susceptible to dental fluorosis) and 129P3/J mice (resistant) received drinking water containing 0, 10, or 50 ppm F. Weekly F intake, excretion and retention, and terminal plasma and femur F levels were determined. Dental fluorosis was evaluated clinically and by quantitative fluorescence (QF). Data were tested by two-way ANOVA. Although F intakes by the strains were similar, excretion by A/J mice was significantly higher due to greater urinary F excretion, which resulted in lower plasma and femur F levels. Compared with 129P3/J mice given 50 ppm F, significantly higher QF scores were recorded for A/J mice. In conclusion, these strains differ with respect to several features of F metabolism, and amelogenesis in the 129P3/J strain seems to be unaffected by high F exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Effect of Different Fluoride Concentrations and pH of Dentifrices on Plaque and Nail Fluoride Levels in Young Children.
- Author
-
Buzalaf, M. A. R., Vilhena, F. V., Iano, F. G., Grizzo, L., Pessan, J. P., Sampaio, F. C., and Oliveira, R. C.
- Subjects
- *
DENTIFRICES , *FLUORIDES , *WATER fluoridation , *ORAL hygiene products , *CHILDREN'S health , *MEDICAL examinations of children - Abstract
To evaluate the influence of dentifrice pH and fluoride (F) concentration on F uptake by plaque and nails, two sets of 5- to 6-year-old children were randomly allocated into four groups, according to the type of dentifrice they had been using for 1 year: (1) experimental liquid dentifrice (ELD), 1,100 ppm F, pH 7.0; (2) ELD, 1,100 ppm F, pH 4.5; (3) ELD, 550 ppm F, pH 4.5, and (4) commercial toothpaste, 1,100 ppm F, pH 7.0. In one set of children, nails were clipped. In the second, plaque samples were collected 1 h after the last use of dentifrice. F concentration in plaque and nails was analyzed. Plaque F concentration was significantly lower in group 4 than in groups 1–3. Nail F concentration was significantly higher in group 4, and significantly lower in group 3, than in group 1 or 2. Plaque F uptake was influenced significantly by dentifrice consistency and nonsignificantly by pH and F concentration. Reduction of dentifrice pH did not affect nail F concentration. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Environmental and Individual Factors Associated with Nail Fluoride Concentration.
- Author
-
Fukushima, R., Rigolizzo, D. S., Maia, L. P., Sampaio, F. C., Lauris, J. R. P., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
NAILS (Anatomy) ,BIOMARKERS ,CHRONIC diseases ,HUMAN life cycle ,BIOINDICATORS - Abstract
Nails have been suggested as suitable biomarkers of exposure to F, with the advantage of being easily obtained. The effect of water F concentration, age, gender, nail growth rate and geographical area on the F concentration in the fingernail and toenail clippings were evaluated. Volunteers (n = 300) aged 3–7, 14–20, 30–40 and 50–60 years from five Brazilian communities (A–E) participated. Drinking water and nail samples were collected and F concentration was analyzed with the electrode. A reference mark was made on each nail and growth rates were calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and linear regression (α = 0.05). Mean water F concentrations (± SE, mg/l) were 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.66 ± 0.01, 0.72 ± 0.02, and 1.68 ± 0.08 for A–E, respectively. Mean F concentrations (± SE, mg/kg) ranged between 1.38 ± 0.14 (A, 50–60 years) and 10.20 ± 2.35 (D, 50–60 years) for fingernails, and between 0.92 ± 0.08 (A, 14–20 years) and 7.35 ± 0.80 (E, 50–60 years) for toenails. Among the tested factors, geographical area and water F concentration exerted the most influence on finger- and toenail F concentrations. Subjects of older age groups (30–40 and 50–60 years) from D and E showed higher nail F concentrations than the others. Females presented higher nail F concentration than males. Water F concentration, age, gender and geographical area influenced the F concentration of finger- and toenails, and hence should be taken into account when using this biomarker of exposure to predict risk for dental fluorosis. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Dietary Fluoride Intake by Children Receiving Different Sources of Systemic Fluoride.
- Author
-
Rodrigues, M. H. C., Leite, A. L., Arana, A., Villena, R. S., Forte, F. D. S., Sampaio, F. C., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of fluorides ,NUTRITION & oral health ,WATER fluoridation ,FLUORIDATION of milk ,PEDIATRIC dentistry ,PREVENTIVE dentistry - Abstract
There has been no comparison of fluoride (F) intake by pre-school children receiving more traditional sources of systemic F. The aim of this study was to estimate the dietary F intake by children receiving F from artificially fluoridated water (AFW-Brazil, 0.6-0.8 mg F/L), naturally fluoridated water (NFW-Brazil, 0.6-0.9 mg F/L), fluoridated salt (FS-Peru, 180-200 mg F/Kg), and fluoridated milk (FM-Peru, 0.25 mg F). Children (n = 21-26) aged 4-6 yrs old participated in each community. A non-fluoridated community (NoF) was evaluated as the control population. Dietary F intake was monitored by the "duplicate plate" method, with different constituents (water, other beverages, and solids). F was analyzed with an ionselective electrode. Data were tested by Kruskall- Wallis and Dunn's tests (p < 0.05). Mean (± SD) F intake (mg/Kg b.w./day) was 0.04 ± 0.01
b , 0.06 ± 0.02a,b , 0.05 ± 0.02a,b , 0.06 ± 0.01a , and 0.01 ± 0.00c for AFW/NFW/FS/FM/NoF, respectively. The main dietary contributors for AFW/NFW and FS/FM/ NoF were water and solids, respectively. The results indicate that the dietary F intake must be considered before a systemic method of fluoridation is implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Effect of an Experimental 4% TiF4Varnish Compared to NaF Varnishes and 4% TiF4Solution on Dental Erosion in vitro.
- Author
-
Magalhães, A. C., Kato, M. T., Rios, D., Wiegand, A., Attin, T., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
TITANIUM ,FLUORIDES ,SODIUM ,CALCIUM ,DENTAL enamel ,TOOTH erosion - Abstract
This in vitro study assessed the effect of an experimental 4% TiF
4 varnish compared to commercial NaF and NaF/CaF2 varnishes and 4% TiF4 solution on enamel erosion. For this, 72 bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated to the following treatments: NaF varnish(2.26% F), NaF/CaF2 varnish (5.63% F), 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45% F), F-free placebo varnish, 4% TiF4 solution (2.45% F) and control (not treated). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and removed after 6 h. The solution was applied to the enamel surface for 1 min. Then, the specimens were alternately de- and remineralized (6 times/day) in an artificial mouth for 5 days at 37°C. Demineralization was performed with the beverage Sprite (1 min, 3 ml/min) and remineralization with artificial saliva (day: 59 min, 0.5 ml/min; during the night: 0.1 ml/min). The mean daily increment of erosion and the cumulative erosion data were tested using ANOVA and ANCOVA, respectively, followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). The mean daily erosion increments and cumulative erosion (micrometers) were significantly less for the TiF4 varnish (0.30 ± 0.11/0.65 ± 0.75) than for the NaF varnish (0.58 ± 0.11/1.47 ± 1.07) or the NaF/CaF2 varnish (0.62 ± 0.10/1.68 ± 1.17), which in turn showed significantly less erosion than the placebo varnish (0.78 ± 0.12/2.05 ± 1.43), TiF4 solution (0.86 ± 0.11/ 2.05 ± 1.49) and control (0.77 ± 0.16/2.06 ± 1.49). In conclusion, the TiF4 varnish seems to be a promising treatment to reduce enamel loss under mild erosive conditions. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Fluoride Uptake by Plaque from Water and from Dentifrice.
- Author
-
Pessan, J. P., Silva, S. M. B., Lauris, J. R. P., Sampaio, F. C., Whitford, G. M., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
DENTAL plaque ,DENTIFRICES ,WATER fluoridation ,SALIVA ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of calcium ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of fluorides - Abstract
It has been suggested that fluoride retention in plaque is limited by available binding sites. We determined the effects of fluoridated or placebo dentifrices on plaque and salivary fluoride concentrations [F]s in communities with different water fluoride concentrations (0.04, 0.85, 3.5 ppm). After one week of dentifrice use, samples were collected 1.0 and 12 hrs after the last use of dentifrices. After the use of fluoridated dentifrice, plaque fluoride concentrations were higher at both times, except at 12 hrs in the 3.5-ppm community. Plaque concentrations at 1.0 hr after the use of fluoridated dentifrice increased almost constantly (6.5 mmol/kg), but then decreased approximately 50% at 12 hrs in each community. Unlike previous studies, the present findings suggest that the use of fluoridated dentifrice is likely to increase plaque fluoride concentrations significantly for up to 12 hrs in areas where the water contains fluoride close to 1.0 ppm. As previously reported, plaque fluoride concentrations were directly related to calcium concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Effect of Different Concentrations of Fluoride in Dentifrices on Dentin Erosion Subjected or Not to Abrasion in situ/ex vivo.
- Author
-
Magalhães, A. C., Rios, D., Moino, A. L., Wiegand, A., Attin, T., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
FLUORIDES ,DENTIN ,SOFT drinks ,DENTAL pathology ,DENTISTRY - Abstract
This in situ/ex vivo study assessed the effect of different concentrations of fluoride in dentifrices on dentin subjected to erosion or to erosion plus abrasion. Ten volunteers took part in this crossover and double-blind study performed in 3 phases (7 days). They wore acrylic palatal appliances containing 4 bovine dentin blocks divided in two rows: erosion and erosion plus abrasion. The blocks were subjected to erosion by immersion ex vivo in a cola drink (60 s, pH 2.6) 4 times daily. During this step, the volunteers brushed their teeth with one of three dentifrices D (5,000 ppm F, NaF, silica); C (1,100 ppm F, NaF, silica) and placebo (22 ppm F, silica). Then, the respective dentifrice slurry (1:3) was dripped on dentin surfaces. While no further treatment was performed in one row, the other row was brushed using an electric toothbrush for 30 s ex vivo. The appliances were replaced in the mouth and the volunteers rinsed with water. Dentin loss was determined by profilometry and analyzed by 2-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test (a = 0.05). Dentin loss after erosive-abrasive wear was significantly greater than after erosion alone. Wear was significantly higher for the placebo than for the D and C dentifrices, which were not significantly different from each other. It can be concluded that the presence of fluoride concentrations around 1,100 ppm in dentifrices is important to reduce dentin wear by erosion and erosion + abrasion, but the protective effect does not increase with fluoride concentration. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Low-Fluoride Dentifrices with Reduced pH: Fluoride Concentration in Whole Saliva and Bioavailability.
- Author
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Olympio, K. P. K., Bardal, P. A. P., Cardoso, V. E. da S., Oliveira, R. C., Bastos, J. R. de M., and Buzalaf, M. A. R.
- Subjects
FLUORIDES ,SALIVA ,BIOAVAILABILITY ,DENTIFRICES ,ELECTRODES ,EXCRETION - Abstract
This double-blind study assessed the fluoride (F) concentration in whole saliva and F bioavailability after the use of low-F dentifrices with reduced pH. Whole saliva was collected from 10 volunteers after brushing with: experimental dentifrices (pH 5.5) 275, 550 and 1,100 ppm F; commercial 500 ppm F, pH 6.9 and a ‘gold standard’ 1,100 ppm F, pH 6.5. To analyze F bioavailability, 9 volunteers ingested weights of four dentifrices equivalent to 2 mg F: 1,500 ppm F/MFP/CaCO
3 , pH 9.5; 1,100 ppm F/NaF/silica, pH 5.5; 1,100 ppm F/NaF/silica, pH 7.0 and 1,100 ppm F/NaF/silica, pH 6.5 (‘gold standard’). Ductal saliva and urine were collected. F was analyzed by electrode. Data were tested using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). The 550 ppm F/pH 5.5 dentifrice was similar to the ‘gold standard’ in its effect on whole saliva F concentration. The area under the curve of ductal saliva F concentration × time and urinary F excretion rates did not differ among the dentifrices. The results show that acidic low-F dentifrices are effective in increasing salivary F concentration and pH reduction does not seem to affect their F bioavailability. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. In vitro Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Acidic Fluoride Dentifrices.
- Author
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Alves, K. M. R. P., Pessan, J. P., Brighenti, F. L., Franco, K. S., Oliveira, F. A. L., Buzalaf, M. A. R., Sassaki, K. T., and Delbem, A.C.B.
- Subjects
FLUORIDES ,DENTAL caries ,DENTIFRICES ,DENTAL pathology ,DENTISTRY - Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of acidic low-fluoride dentifrices compared to conventional neutral dentifrices. Enamel blocks were submitted to pH cycling and treatment with slurries of dentifrices containing 0, 275, 412, 550 and 1,100 μg F/g (pH 4.5 or 7.0), and also a commercial dentifrice (1,100 μg F/g) and a commercial children’s dentifrice (500 μg F/g). Variations in surface microhardness and in the mineral content in enamel after pH cycling were calculated. Enamel blocks treated with acidic dentifrices exhibited less mineral loss compared to neutral dentifrices (ANOVA; p < 0.05). The acidic dentifrices with 412 and 550 μg F/g had the same effectiveness as the neutral 1,100-μg F/g dentifrice and commercial 1,100-μg F/g dentifrice. Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Influence of Growth Rate and Length on Fluoride Detection in Human Nails.
- Author
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Buzalaf, M. A. R., Pessan, J. P., and Alves, K. M. R. P.
- Subjects
- *
FLUORIDES , *NAILS (Anatomy) , *STATISTICS , *BIOMARKERS , *FLUORINE compounds - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the lag time between increased fluoride (F) intake and F detection in human nails, as well as the influence of nails growth rate and length on this. Ten 20- to 35-year-old volunteers received 1.8 mg F daily, for 30 days. Nail growth rate and length were determined for all fingernails and toenails. Nail samples were collected at the beginning of the study and every 2 weeks (15 collections in all) and F concentrations were determined. The growth rate was statistically higher in fingernails than in toenails. No statistically significant differences were observed between right and left sides. Growth rate was significantly greater for big toenails than for the other toenails, but this pattern was not found for fingernails. The estimated mean lag times for F detection in fingernails and toenails were 101 and 123 days, respectively. An apparent increase in fingernail F concentrations was observed 84 days after the beginning of the study, although this was not statistically different from baseline. For toenails, statistically significant increases in F concentration in relation to baseline were observed 112 and 140 days after increased F ingestion. These increases occurred within the 95% confidence intervals for the calculated mean lag time for fluoride detection in nails. Considering the large amount of sample provided by the big toenails, together with their faster growth rate, as well as the fact that toenails are less prone to environmental contamination, our data suggest that big toenails are more suitable biomarkers of fluoride intake. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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