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El presente artículo propone un recorrido biográfico sobre la trayectoria de una mujer, Dolores Josefa Cobo (1876-1943) quien administró por más de veinte años una estancia ganadera en el sur de la provincia de Córdoba en Argentina. Nuestro objetivo pretende reflexionar acerca de si es posible pensarla en términos de gran terrateniente, es decir, si el ser propietaria le garantizó el acceso y la pertenencia a ese círculo privilegiado durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, momento de auge del modelo agroexportador argentino. De esta manera, abordaremos las diferentes estrategias a las que apeló para poder sobreponerse a la norma de la época trascendiendo el espacio doméstico. A su vez, nos detendremos en analizar la relación entre Cobo y los trabajadores de la estancia, los matices que estos vínculos fueron adquiriendo y las diferentes representaciones que de ella se imprimieron en el imaginario colectivo local y regional. De este modo, a partir del análisis de fuentes orales y otras provenientes desde la prensa regional, pretendemos en las siguientes páginas presentar algunas respuestas contribuyendo a esclarecer desde una experiencia personal, como lo es la trayectoria de Cobo, lo que ella tiene de particular y general. This article offers a biographical account of the career of a woman, Dolores Josefa Cobo (1876-1943), who managed a cattle ranch in the south of the province of Córdoba in Argentina for more than twenty years. Our aim is to reflect on whether it is possible to think of her in terms of a large landowner, that is, whether being a landowner guaranteed her access to and membership of this privileged circle during the first half of the twentieth century, at the height of the Argentine agro-export model. In this way, we will address the different strategies to which she appealed in order to overcome the norm of the time, transcending the domestic space. At the same time, we will analyse the relationship between Cobo and the workers of the estancia, the nuances that these links acquired and the different representations that were imprinted in the local and regional collective imaginary. In this way, based on the analysis of oral sources and others from the regional press, we intend in the following pages to present some answers, helping to clarify, from a personal experience such as Cobo's career, what is particular and general about it.

The article is devoted to the research of linguistic interpretation of female images of the lexical-semantic field “profession” in the Ukrainian-language literature of the late XX and early XXI centuries. The article states that the concept of “business woman” consists of several subconcepts “business lady”, “retail”, “boss”, “creative personality”. They are all part of the “successful woman” macroconcept. The author came to the conclusion that, first, the image of a businesswoman is familiar because it originates from the current social culture of Ukrainians; second, it is understood as discrete and dynamic is mobile, in contrast to the connected archetypal and symbolic, and third, it allows a real combination of characterological units and serves as a technical basis for creating an average model of Ukrainian women of the period under study, called “modern personality”. The psychological feature of such a woman is that she is a generalized essence of several characters, a woman who can be all at once

The article is devoted to the research of linguistic interpretation of female images of the lexical-semantic field “profession” in the Ukrainian-language literature of the late XX and early XXI centuries. The article states that the concept of “business woman” consists of several subconcepts “business lady”, “retail”, “boss”, “creative personality”. They are all part of the “successful woman” macroconcept. The author came to the conclusion that, first, the image of a businesswoman is familiar because it originates from the current social culture of Ukrainians; second, it is understood as discrete and dynamic is mobile, in contrast to the connected archetypal and symbolic, and third, it allows a real combination of characterological units and serves as a technical basis for creating an average model of Ukrainian women of the period under study, called “modern personality”. The psychological feature of such a woman is that she is a generalized essence of several characters, a woman who can be all at once

Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2022-10-14T02:19:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LETÍCIAMACIELDOVALE.pdf: 2513695 bytes, checksum: b561f702e8a4110c92901f10ede42d01 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-14T02:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LETÍCIAMACIELDOVALE.pdf: 2513695 bytes, checksum: b561f702e8a4110c92901f10ede42d01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-09-02 This research work proposes to understand the discursive strategies that are manifested in the constitution of the subject woman shown as a successful businesswoman by Deluxe magazine, a social columnism segment’s vehicle that integrates the media apparatus. The research uses the theoretical principles of Discourse Analysis of the French line, based on Michel Foucault’s reflections and the archenegenealogical method, which seeks to understand the relations of knowledge, power and truth that present in the production of discourses. We also consider the discussions about governmentality, biopower and biopolitics, to understand the processes of normalization and disciplinarity to which the body of the discursivized woman as a successful businesswoman is subjected. Thus, we verified that there are rules that control and discipline this subject's body, making it economically useful and politically docile, and that they are related to topics such as beauty / health, motherhood / family, studies, work and charity / faith / care with each other. The magazine builds an objectification, a way of looking and saying about the body of a successful businesswoman, in which statements dispersed in history appear intertwined in a discursive formation that shows this subject as a model to be followed. The subject, in turn, builds subjectivity and recognizes himself in the discourse that the magazine produces about her. Este trabalho de pesquisa propõe compreender as estratégias discursivas que se manifestam na constituição do sujeito mulher mostrada como empresária bem-sucedida pela revista Deluxe, veículo do segmento colunismo social que integra o dispositivo mídia. A pesquisa utiliza os princípios teóricos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, com base nas reflexões de Michel Foucault e o método arquenegenealógico, que busca entender as relações de saber, poder e verdade que se apresentam na produção dos discursos. Também consideramos as discussões sobre governamentalidade, biopoder e biopolítica, para compreender os processos de normalizaçao e disciplinaridade aos quais está sujeito o corpo da mulher discursivizada como empresária bem-sucedida. Verificamos, assim, que existem regras que controlam e disciplinam o corpo desse sujeito, tornando-o economicamente útil e politicamente dócil, e que estão relacionadas a temas como beleza/saúde, maternidade/família, estudos, trabalho e caridade/fé/cuidado com próximo. A revista constrói uma objetivação, uma forma de olhar e dizer sobre o corpo da mulher empresária bem-sucedida, em que enunciados dispersos na história aparecem entrelaçados em uma formação discursiva que mostra esse sujeito como modelo a ser seguido. O sujeito, por sua vez, constrói uma subjetividade e se reconhece no discurso que a revista produz sobre ela.

Purpose This paper provides a historical case study, through the analysis of Luisa Spagnoli’s entrepreneurial life. Luisa Spagnoli was one of the most famous Italian businesswomen of the twentieth century, founder of “Perugina” chocolate factory and creator of “Luisa Spagnoli” fashion firm. The study aims particularly to examine the role of Luisa in the development of her businesses within the wider context of Italy of the 1900s, and to verify if and how gender has influenced the meaning and the shape of her entrepreneurial initiatives over time. Design/methodology/approach This study offers a historical analysis of entrepreneurial life of Luisa Spagnoli, developed through an archival study in a synchronic view. An interpretive historical method is adopted to deepen and better understand the links among personal, cultural, social and institutional domains. Findings This study contributes to the scholarship on businesswomen’s role in history and underlines the role of personal perceptions of female entrepreneurs to overcome external barriers. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study concern the nature of the analysis itself, which is a single-case study. Originality/value This analysis highlights the centrality of personal self-perceptions to face up to the difficulties of an unfavourable context, contributing to create the pre-conditions necessary to become an entrepreneur.

Partiendo de reconocer a la mujer como un actor que hace parte de la arena empresarial, esta investigación intentó identificar la imagen que han venido construyendo parte de la academia y algunos medios de comunicación escritos en relación a la mujer empresaria y las repercusiones que esto puede tener en su iniciativa y emprendimiento empresarial. This paper tried to identify the image that have been building part of the academy and some print media about entrepreneurs women and the impact this may have in their initiative and entrepreneurship

Traducción al inglés del capítulo Introducción y el capítulo 6 (Conclusiones), En este estudio se analizarán la existencia o no de diferencias de género en las diferentes fases que se producen en el proceso de creación de la empresa distinguiendo entre concepción, nacimiento y permanencia, dentro del marco de la Teoría Económica Institucional y del Proyecto GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor); analizando para ello los diferentes factores formales e informales que desde la perspectiva de género están incidiendo en dichas fases. El objetivo general de esta investigación es identificar y analizar las diferencias de género que existen en las fases de concepción, nacimiento y permanencia de las empresas. Diferencias que a su vez trataremos de identificar y plasmar a través de estudios comparativos entre países europeos, e internacionales o globales. Junto con el objetivo general de este estudio, nos planteamos una serie de objetivos secundarios y que a continuación son citados: (1) La revisión de la literatura para definir y diferenciar una serie de conceptos, los cuales tienen su más claro reflejo a través de estudios o teorías concernientes al género, la sociología y los relativos a economía de la empresa. Definiciones a las que se sumaremos la influencia que una serie de factores formales e informales tendrán sobre él. (2) Elaborar un modelo con los factores formales e informales que determine el sentido y la importancia de esa influencia en función del género y de la fase de creación en la que se encuentra la empresa. (3) La comprobación empírica de estos factores detectados y analizados desde el punto de vista del género y de la fase de creación de la empresa.

Enaindvajseto stoletje je nedvomno označeno s spreminjanjem vloge žensk in svetovnim večanjem ženskih podjetij, ki postajajo vir sprememb in inovacij v poslovnem svetu ter družbi. Razlogi, zakaj ženske ustanavljajo podjetja so lahko različni. Lastno podjetje ustanavljajo z namenom, da postanejo neodvisne in da uresničijo svoje poslovne ideje. To jim omogoča fleksibilnost, ki jim pomaga usklajevati potrebo po delu in družinskimi obveznostmi. Pri ustanovitvi pa se soočajo s podobnimi problemi kot tudi podjetniki, pri čemer jim največji problem predstavlja najemanje začetnih kreditov. Zato se jih največje število odloči, za financiranje iz osebnega premoženja. Poleg lastnih sredstev, pogosto uporabljajo tudi banke in finančne institucije. Ženske so tako v Sloveniji, kot tudi v velikem številu GEM držav, zaradi njihove naravne vloge matere in žene, po navadi tudi zaradi »napačne« izobrazbe in stereotipnih predstav o ženskem spolu ter predsodkov do njihovega dela, manj prisotne v javnem življenju kot moški. Prav na delovnem mestu se podjetnice soočajo s celotnim nizom ovir in težav, ki jim v veliki meri onemogočajo enakopravnost z moškimi, zato so zelo pomembni ukrepi, ki bi izboljšali položaj podjetnic. Le-ti morajo biti zastopani tako s strani družbe same, ki zagotavljajo motivacijsko in javno oporo, kot tudi s strani države s spodbujanjem državne podpore in pospeševanjem ženskega podjetništva s pomočjo promoviranja. We can say that 21. century is marked with changing role of business women and global increasing of women companies, that becomes source of modification also inovation in business world and society. Women have many reasons for strarting their own companies. Purpose is to become independent and to realize their business ideas. This enables them flexibility, which helps theis needs for work and familiy obligations. The are confronted with similar problems like businessmen when establishing new comapnies. The biggest obstical is credit loan. This is why most of them decide to finance entreprising with personal finances. With personal equity, they often use banks and other institutions. Because of their natural role of a mother and wife, »wrong education«, stereotype about females about their work, women in Slovenia and other GEM countries, are not so included in public life like males. Also on theis working places, they confront with many obsticles and difficulties, which disables them equality. That is why this are important steps, for improving position of a businesswomen. The best way is to promote government support and to increase promotion of female entreprising.

International aid flows are equivalent to almost half of Solomon Islands' economy, making it one of the most aid-dependent countries in the world. Around US$250 million of non-military aid enters the country, but only 15-20 percent of this amount is spent locally through local procurement or staff expenditure. Solomon Islands are currently highly reliant on logging for export receipts, Government revenues, and employment. But existing stocks of natural forest logs are expected to be entirely exhausted by 2014. The Solomon Islands Government approached the World Bank Group to identify alternative sources of revenue, foreign exchange receipts, and employment in the absence of logging. In responding to this request, the World Bank Group has undertaken extensive analytical work examining short and medium-term prospects for economic growth in Solomon Islands, under the sources of growth project. This report contributes to the sources of growth work, and is informed by its findings. A key conclusion arising from sources of growth analysis is that aid is likely to remain a key part of the Solomon Islands economy for the near future. The existence of an international security guarantee, backed by the presence of an international peacekeeping force, is paramount for security, and investment certainty. In the absence of clear or certain alternatives to logging, and in the context of rapid population growth, current levels of service delivery will continue to depend on high levels of aid expenditure.

The goal of thesis "Women in business" focuses on Czech women in business. The main objective is to look on the insides, find out what their motivation is, what influences them,which qualities are most important and if there are any barriers for them.