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Flaws of state conservation policies have resulted in the eviction of indigenous peoples from their traditional lands, territories and resources around the world. In violation of the principle of free, prior and informed consent and the Congolese 1973 Land Act, the creation and expansion of the PNKB has resulted in the forced displacement of indigenous peoples without compensation or resettlement. Deprived of all means of subsistence, they now lead a precarious life, marked in particular by wandering and insecurity, which the offer of the new land has imposed as a palliative solution. In this article, we analyze the legal status and security measures of concessions acquired by indigenous peoples. It reveals that these solutions remain insufficient and are hampered by obsolete and incomplete land tenure regulations, which are unable to guarantee their security. In our view, the best way to secure their collective rights to these lands would be the adoption of an edict that, based on Article 204 of the Constitution, would identify and recognize their delimitations. This would have the advantage of exempting them from the registration certificate requirement under the Basic Principles of Agriculture Act and extending to them the special protection applicable to indigenous land rights.

Congolese administrative justice is in the process of reform although there is reason to regret that it is taking place very slowly. Indeed, the Constitution of February 18, 2006 consecrated the institution of an administrative jurisdictional order, thus breaking with several decades of organization of an administrative justice essentially grafted to the order of the judicial jurisdictions. But, it is ten years after that the legislator deigns to adopt the law relating to the organization, competences and functioning of the jurisdictions of the administrative order! This article offers a critical reading of the law with the aim of appreciating the architecture and strengths of administrative jurisdiction and discussing the question marks that remain., La justice administrative congolaise est en pleine réforme quoiqu'il y ait lieu de regretter qu'elle s'opère à pas de tortue. En effet, la Constitution du 18 février 2006 a consacré l'institution d'un ordre juridictionnel administratif, rompant ainsi avec plusieurs décennies d'organisation d'une justice administrative essentiellement greffée à l'ordre des juridictions judiciaires. Mais, c'est dix ans après que le législateur daigne adopter la loi portant organisation, compétences et fonctionnement des juridictions de l'ordre administratif ! Le présent article propose une lecture critique de la loi dans l'objectif d'apprécier l'architecture et les atouts de la juridiction administrative et de discuter les points d'interrogation qui subsistent.

International audience

International audience