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The electrodeposition method was used to obtain nanostructured layers of Co/nano-CeO2 on 304L stainless steel, from a cobalt electrolyte in which different concentrations of CeO2 nanoparticles (0, 10, 20, and 30 g/L) were dispersed. The electrodeposition was performed at room temperature using three current densities (23, 48, and 72 mA cm−2), and the time was kept constant at 90 min. The influence of current densities and nanoparticle concentrations on the characteristics of the obtained nanostructured layers is also discussed. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to investigate the phase structure and cobalt crystallite size of the nanostructured layers, and a contact angle (sessile drop method) was used to assess the wettability of the electrodeposited layers. The roughness of the surfaces was also studied. The results show that the nanostructured layers became more hydrophilic with increasing nanoparticle concentration and increasing current density. In the case of pure cobalt deposits, an increase in the current density led to an increase in the size of the cobalt crystallites in the electrodeposited layer, while for the Co/nano-CeO2 nanostructured layers, the size of the crystallites decreased with increasing current density. This confirms the nanostructuring effect of nano-CeO2 electrocodeposited with cobalt.

Traffic congestion is a phenomenon which occurs when road traffic is disturbed. In Galati city, traffic congestion increases rapidly due to an increase in the number of vehicles on the road. This work is an attempt to analyze the effects of traffic congestion by applying the waiting theory. Traffic congestion is frequent during the day, and the locals accept it as a daily routine. Urbanization in developing countries indicates that more people live in cities than before. The trend of urbanization, the population growth and the increasing number of registered vehicles put pressure on traffic and make life in the urban area more difficult. General data congestion and congestion management are the mitigation measures proposed but they are labor intensive and a heavy investment would be needed. Therefore, in order to find feasible measures, latest technologies such as GIS and GPS help analyze the live traffic situation and suggest cost effective measures to alleviate congestion. A previous attempt was effective in data collection, data analysis and display of results [1, 2]. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based mapping tool that geographically analyses events and phenomena occurring on Earth. GIS technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with unique viewing and the benefits of geographic analysis provided by maps [2]. In Galati, the GIS system is still not applicable because it has not been purchased by the competent authorities. In Romania, the GIS system is partially implemented. The traffic congestion has begun to be solved globally through GPS positioning technology with vehicle data collection, transport and operation. Using GPS Vehicle will provide direct and objective data on the behavior and status of the trip and the transport system that influences this behavior [3]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]