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To harmonize the Romanian legislation on plant protection to the European legislation the Directive 128/2009 has been transposed into national legislation by Government Emergency Ordinance 34/2012 on establishing the institutional framework for action to the sustainable use of pesticides in Romania. National Action Plan approved by Decision 683/2013, on reducing the risks associated with the use of plant protection products is the strategic document regarding the continuous improvement of the use of plant protection products and contains quantitative targets, measures and timetables to reduce risks and the effects of using plant protection products on the environment and human health.

Maize (Zea mays) is one of the most important crop plants, with multiple uses in human nutrition, animal feed and in the industry. High corn yields can be obtained by the use of high yield hybrids by using optimal technologies of cultivation of maize and of modern technology of mechanized works. Development of sustainable agriculture in Romania through the promotion of conservation technologies and, in particular, those with minimal tillage and sowing should be directly with the necessity for achieving yields of high quality, low cost and respecting the requirements relating to the preservation of soil fertility. In view of the current requirements for the development of a sustainable eco-agriculture, these technologies will require more and more in Europe, including in our country. The sowing of cereals is a particularly important work to be carried out at a time and with minimum expenses. This paper shows the optimal technology of minimal tillage mechanization in the growing of maize. The experience was located on land of Orioara, Timiş country. The climate is specific to the Banat's Plain, more open to western winds and to the influence of the Mediterranean and Atlantic currents, which makes it moister. The paper is based on the experience gained in the area of mechanization by the agriculture of our country and other countries. In result of studies carried out are presented the findings concerning the consumption of fuel, and indices of the mechanized works in maize culture. In the context of an increase in demand for food worldwide, is becoming increasingly important use of technology to ensure that increases production on the same land area, while preserving biodiversity and preserving the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering is the property of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To achieve high efficiency in exploiting the existing agricultural harvesting machines and gathering fibrous fodder the specialists should be always preoccupied to improve these machines performance. This is possible through careful consideration of each working process, performed by the machine, which at its turn should lead to ideal values. In this paper we have proposed improvements of cutter grinding operation, comprising the self loading trailers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering is the property of INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Within the framework of this paper, a mathematical model is presented for the computation of the main constructive and functional parameters for the falling-film evaporator used in the sugar industry. The paper shows also, 2D and 3D diagrams, using Microsoft Excel and Mathcad programme, which allow the visualization of the quantitative and qualitative dependence between the main constructive and functional parameters of these evaporators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present economic constraints lead to finding new solutions of tillage. This is not about changing soil tillage practices for the simple satisfaction of doing things differently than others, but rather to improve the practices of tillage and sowing to reduce the costs involved and the time needed for that. One way to achieve this goal is to reduce the number of passes on the ground, which may lead to an infiltration increase and also eliminate the need for primary works of the soil. Traffic control can reduce the cost of fuel for the establishment of cereal crops by 40%, allowing these operations to be completed with less powerful tractors while maintaining the yields at the same level. The current trend, particular to an agriculture with low environmental impact and costs of production, is to adopt cultivation techniques that preserve or improve soil characteristics in a conservative tillage. This paper aims to present research conducted over several years on land DS Timisoara regarding the influence the tillage technology has, particularly agricultural machine tractor unit used on some of the soil's physical properties such as bulk density, porosity and the degree of compaction, with production tracking obtained from maize grains and fuel consumption resulted for each variant. At the same time there were tested 3 types of technologies: conventional technology (with mouldboards ploughing and using disk harrow to prepare the seedbed), the minimum tillage technology (soil processing with a disk harrow used in combination with rotary harrow or vibro-cultivator) and direct sowing (unprocessed field sowing), using for this purpose for processing specific soil aggregates. The final results highlights the significant production differences which have to be correlated with both production costs and the long-term effects on the soil's regenerative capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct tillage, as an agricultural technology, minimizes soil processing, loosening it only on a narrow strip, in which the seeds are introduced, while also having to find the optimal conditions for germination and development. When certain conditions are met (the presence of agricultural aggregates with direct sowing machines in unprocessed soil and herbicides capable of keeping the soil clean throughout the entire crop's vegetation along with functional irrigation systems), direct tillage is starting to become an important method of saving energy while also conserving soil's production capacity, both being essential elements for a durable agriculture. The present paper presents a dynamic study of a direct tillage aggregate used for maize crop sowing, starting with the implementation of a theoretical model and completed with the acquisition of data values regarding the forces that occur during works. The results obtained from experimental study may constitute elements of analysis of the correlation that exists between the forces that occur during direct seeding work for maize crops and energy consumption associated with immediate implications on production obtained per unit of area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]