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1. Zika Virus Circulation in Mali

Author: Abdoulaye Dabo, Simon Cauchemez, Souleymane Sacko, Bourema Kouriba, Abdoulaye Djimde, Jan Felix Drexler, Anna-Bella Failloux, Pierre Gallian, Abdoul Karim Sangaré, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Issa Diarra, Drissa Coulibaly, Amatigue Zeguime, Xavier de Lamballerie, Nathanaël Hozé, Elif Nurtop, Bakary Fofana, Boris Pastorino, Stéphane Priet, Issaka Sagara, Mahamadou Ali Thera, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Ministère de la Santé et des Affaires Sociales du Mali [Bamako, Mali], Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, German Center for Infection Research, Partnersite Munich (DZIF), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), BUISINE, Soline, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, Epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, vector-borne infections, lcsh:Medicine, Blood Donors, Zika Virus Circulation in Mali, Mali, Asymptomatic, Arbovirus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Zika virus, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, medicine, Seroprevalence, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, mosquitoes, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, education.field_of_study, biology, seroprevalence, Transmission (medicine), Zika Virus Infection, Research, lcsh:R, Outbreak, Zika Virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, arbovirus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, medicine.symptom
Abstract: International audience; The circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Mali has not been clearly characterized. Therefore, we conducted a serologic survey of 793 asymptomatic volunteers >15 years of age (2016), and 637 blood donors (2013) to assess the seroprevalence of ZIKV infection in 2 ecoclimatic regions of Mali, tropical savannah and warm semiarid region, using ELISA and seroneutralization assays. The overall seroprevalence was ≈12% and increased with age, with no statistical difference between male and female participants. In the warm semiarid study sites we detected immunological markers of an outbreak that occurred in the late 1990s in 18% (95% CI 13%-23%) of participants. In tropical savannah sites, we estimated a low rate of endemic transmission, with 2.5% (95% CI 2.0%-3.1%) of population infected by ZIKV annually. These data demonstrate the circulation of ZIKV in Mali and provide evidence of a previously unidentified outbreak that occurred in the late 1990s.
Published: 2020

2. Strategies of host resistance to pathogens in spatially structured populations: An agent-based evaluation

Author: Mathieu Legros, Morgan Seston, Christophe Boëte, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut fur Integrative Biologie, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), BUISINE, Soline, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population Dynamics, Resistance, Population, Space, Plant disease resistance, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Recovery, Animals, Transmission, education, Host disease, Evolutionary dynamics, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Disease Resistance, 030304 developmental biology, Specific resistance, Stochastic Processes, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Host resistance, Ecology, Spatial structure, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Biological Evolution, Altruism, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Evolutionary biology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Host-parasite interactions, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; There is growing theoretical evidence that spatial structure can affect the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of host-parasite interactions. Locally restricted interactions have been shown in particular to affect host resistance and tolerance. In this study we investigate the evolution of several types of host disease resistance strategies, alone or in combination, in spatially structured populations. We construct a spatially explicit, individual-based stochastic model where hosts and parasites interact with each other in a spatial lattice, and interactions are restricted to a given neighbourhood of varying size. We investigate several host resistance strategies, including constitutive (expressed in all resistant hosts), induced (expressed only upon infection), and combinations thereof. We show that a costly constitutive resistance cannot reach fixation, whereas an inducible resistance strategy may become fixed in the population if the cost remains low, particularly if it impacts host recovery. We also demonstrate that mixed strategies can be maintained in the host population, and that a higher investment in a recovery-boosting inducible resistance allows for a higher investment in a constitutive response. Our simulations reveal that the spatial structure of the population impacts the selection for resistance in a complex fashion. While single strategies of resistance are generally favoured in less structured populations, mixed strategies can sometimes prevail only in highly structured environments, e.g. when combining constitutive and transmission-blocking induced responses Overall these results shed new light on the dynamics of disease resistance in a spatially-structured host-pathogen system, and advance our theoretical understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of disease resistance, a necessary step to elaborate more efficient and sustainable strategies for disease management.
Published: 2019

3. Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France, 2017–2018

Author: Gilda Grard, Paul O. Verhoeven, Sylvie Pillet, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Claire Bretagne, M. Guerbois-Galla, Sylvie Gonzalo, Alexandra Mailles, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Aurélie Velay, Bruno Pozzetto, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Saint-Etienne, Virology Laboratory, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Département des maladies infectieuses, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), CHU Saint-Etienne, Interaction virus-hôte et maladies du foie, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: Male, tickborne encephalitis, Epidemiology, vector-borne infections, lcsh:Medicine, TBE, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, tickborne encephalitis virus, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Lyme borreliosis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region, France, 2017–2018, tick-borne encephalitis, Dispatch, 3. Good health, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Infectious Diseases, Geography, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, France, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne, Encephalitis, Microbiology (medical), tick-borne encephalitis virus, 030231 tropical medicine, Tbe virus, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, emergence, Serologic Tests, viruses, lcsh:RC109-216, Aged, Ixodes, lcsh:R, Tick-borne encephalitis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Virology
Abstract: Three autochthonous cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) acquired in rural areas of France where Lyme borreliosis, but not TBE, is endemic highlight the emergence of TBE in new areas. For patients with neurologic involvement who have been in regions where Ixodes ticks circulate, clinicians should test for TBE virus and other tickborne viruses.
Published: 2019

4. A Report of Zika Virus Seroprevalence in Republic of the Congo

Author: Jan Felix Drexler, Xavier de Lamballerie, Laetitia Ninove, Stéphane Priet, Pierre Gallian, Yannick Dimi, Amelia Dzia-Lepfoundzou, Nanikaly Moyen, Elif Nurtop, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Établissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS Alpes-Méditerranée), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine [Brazzaville, Congo] (CNTS), Institute of Virology [Berlin, Germany] (Charité), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, BUISINE, Soline, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU AMU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Blood Donors, Antibodies, Viral, Microbiology, Arbovirus, Virus, Zika virus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Virology, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, education, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, biology, Zika Virus Infection, Transmission (medicine), Outbreak, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Congo, History, 16th Century, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Africa, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, seroepidemiology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne RNA virus (arbovirus), belonging to the Spondweni serogroup. ZIKV was first described in Africa in 1947 and remained sporadic until Micronesia outbreak in 2007, which was followed by outbreaks in the Pacific Islands, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Subsequent to the epidemics, ZIKV revealed its severity as virus was sexually transmissible, and it was associated with serious fetal and neurological complications. ZIKV originated from Africa; however, little is known about the epidemiology of the virus in African populations. Following a recent study in Cameroon that evidenced low ZIKV epidemiology associated with a presumptive (peri-)sylvatic transmission, we performed a seroepidemiological study in Republic of the Congo, neighbor of Cameroon. To accomplish this, 386 serum specimens from volunteer blood donors collected in 2011 from rural and urban areas of Republic of the Congo were tested with ZIKV-specific methodology; primary screening with anti-NS1 ZIKV IgG ELISA followed by confirmation with cytopathic effect (CPE)-based virus neutralization test (VNT). ZIKV seropositivity was determined as low as 1.8%, varying slightly between urban and rural areas (1.7% and 3.6%). These results demonstrate that the majority of the population of Republic of the Congo is immunologically naïve against ZIKV with a presumptive (peri-)sylvatic transmission cycle, which emphasizes the importance of surveillance studies in Africa.
Published: 2020

5. FHL1 is a major host factor for chikungunya virus infection

Author: Cécile Doyen, Thérèse Couderc, Alexis Brugier, R. Juntas-Morales, Philippe Roingeard, Rabah Ben Yaou, Julien Burlaud-Gaillard, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Mohamed Lamine Hafirassou, Sophia Rafasse, Vasiliya Kril, Pierre-Olivier Vidalain, Laura Pezzi, Gisèle Bonne, Lucie Gueneau, Xavier de Lamballerie, Marc Lecuit, Laurent Meertens, Anne Bertrand-Legout, Beate M. Kümmerer, Ali Amara, Lucie Bonnet-Madin, Thibaud Goupil, Constance Delaugerre, Athena Labeau, Monsef Benkirane, Génomes, biologie cellulaire et thérapeutiques (GenCellDi (UMR_S_944)), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute of Virology [Bonn, Germany], University of Bonn Medical Centre, Génomique évolutive des virus à ARN - Evolutionary genomics of RNA viruses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (LCBPT - UMR 8601), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Chimie et Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Génomique virale et vaccination, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Département de neurologie [Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [CHU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Virologie [CHU Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), This study received funding from the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases’ (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the ‘Investissements d’Avenir’ program (ANR-10-IHUB-0002, ANR-15-CE15-00029 ZIKAHOST and the INCEPTION program ANR-16-CONV-0005), Institut Pasteur, Inserm and European Research Council. Viruses were provided by the Europe and Virus Archive, which has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement 653316. The authors thank the EA7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse-Inserm for funding the doctoral position of L.P., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-17-CE15-0029,ZIKAHOST,LES FACTEURS DE L'HÔTE ASSOCIÉS À LA NEUROPATHOGÉNICITÉ DU VIRUS ZIKA(2017), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [Montpellier]-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), BUISINE, Soline, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, LES FACTEURS DE L'HÔTE ASSOCIÉS À LA NEUROPATHOGÉNICITÉ DU VIRUS ZIKA - - ZIKAHOST2017 - ANR-17-CE15-0029 - AAPG2017 - VALID, and Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID
Subjects: Male, Permissiveness, viruses, Viral pathogenesis, Muscle Proteins, Host-Derived Cellular Factors, Alphavirus, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Virus Replication, medicine.disease_cause, Virus, Myoblasts, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, O'nyong-nyong Virus, Chikungunya, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, Host factor, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, 030306 microbiology, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, virus diseases, Fibroblasts, LIM Domain Proteins, biology.organism_classification, Virology, FHL1, 3. Good health, HEK293 Cells, Viral replication, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Chikungunya Fever, RNA, Viral, Female, Chikungunya virus, Protein Binding
Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by mosquito bites and causes musculoskeletal and joint pain1,2. Despite intensive investigations, the human cellular factors that are critical for CHIKV infection remain unknown, hampering the understanding of viral pathogenesis and the development of anti-CHIKV therapies. Here we identified the four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1)3 as a host factor that is required for CHIKV permissiveness and pathogenesis in humans and mice. Ablation of FHL1 expression results in the inhibition of infection by several CHIKV strains and o’nyong-nyong virus, but not by other alphaviruses and flaviviruses. Conversely, expression of FHL1 promotes CHIKV infection in cells that do not normally express it. FHL1 interacts directly with the hypervariable domain of the nsP3 protein of CHIKV and is essential for the replication of viral RNA. FHL1 is highly expressed in CHIKV-target cells and is particularly abundant in muscles3,4. Dermal fibroblasts and muscle cells derived from patients with Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy that lack functional FHL15 are resistant to CHIKV infection. Furthermore, CHIKV infection is undetectable in Fhl1-knockout mice. Overall, this study shows that FHL1 is a key factor expressed by the host that enables CHIKV infection and identifies the interaction between nsP3 and FHL1 as a promising target for the development of anti-CHIKV therapies. FHL1 is a key factor expressed by humans and mice that is required for chikungunya virus infection and is therefore a promising target for the development of therapies against chikungunya virus.
Published: 2019

6. Development and Evaluation of a duo SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR Assay Combining Two Assays Approved by the World Health Organization Targeting the Envelope and the RNA-Dependant RNA Polymerase (RdRp) Coding Regions

Author: Laura Pezzi, Antoine Nougairède, Laurence Thirion, Guillaume André Durand, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rémi N. Charrel, Laetitia Ninove, Gregory Molle, Bruno Coutard, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, diagnosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, TaqMan, lcsh:QR1-502, coronavirus, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, medicine.disease_cause, lcsh:Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Viral Envelope Proteins, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RNA polymerase, diagnostics, Coding region, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Coronavirus, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, response, emerging, virus diseases, preparedness, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, 030106 microbiology, Pneumonia, Viral, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, World Health Organization, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Coronavirus Envelope Proteins, Virology, medicine, Humans, molecular, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Gene, Pandemics, outbreak, SARS-CoV-2, RNA, COVID-19, RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, respiratory, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, real-time PCR
Abstract: The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide has highlighted the importance of reliable and rapid diagnostic testing to prevent and control virus circulation. Dozens of monoplex in-house RT-qPCR assays are already available, however, the development of dual-target assays is suited to avoid false-negative results caused by polymorphisms or point mutations, that can compromise the accuracy of diagnostic and screening tests. In this study, two mono-target assays recommended by WHO (E-Sarbeco (enveloppe gene, Charite University, Berlin, Germany) and RdRp-IP4 (RdRp, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France)) were selected and combined in a unique robust test, the resulting duo SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR assay was compared to the two parental monoplex tests. The duo SARS-CoV-2 assay performed equally, or better, in terms of sensitivity, specificity, linearity and signal intensity. We demonstrated that combining two single systems into a dual-target assay (with or without an MS2-based internal control) did not impair performances, providing a potent tool adapted for routine molecular diagnosis in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Published: 2020

7. Detection of Two Species of the Genus Parapoxvirus (Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus and Pseudocowpox Virus) in Ticks Infesting Cattle in Burkina Faso

Author: Abel S. Biguezoton, Léa Luciani, Adrien Marie Gaston Belem, Laurence Thirion, Laura Pezzi, Rémi N. Charrel, Claude Saegerman, Achille S. Ouedraogo, Olivier M. Zannou, Laetitia Lempereur, Centre international de recherche-développement sur l'élevage en zone sub-humide (CIRDES), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Université de Liège, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to the Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Center for Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut du Développement Rural, Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), BUISINE, Soline, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Veterinary medicine, 040301 veterinary sciences, viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, virus, Tick, Pseudocowpox, cattle ticks, Microbiology, Article, 0403 veterinary science, 03 medical and health sciences, Bovine papular stomatitis, Virology, parasitic diseases, West Africa, Burkina Faso, medicine, education, lcsh:QH301-705.5, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, education.field_of_study, pseudocowpox, biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Pseudocowpox Virus, 030104 developmental biology, arbovirus, Phlebovirus, lcsh:Biology (General), poxviridae, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, bovine papular stomatitis, Hyalomma, Amblyomma variegatum
Abstract: International audience; The molecular identification of arboviruses in West Africa is of particular interest, due to their zoonotic potential in a population living in close contact with livestock, and in a region where the livestock migration across borders raises the risk of diseases infection and dissemination. The aim of the study was the screening of potential circulating arboviruses and the assessment of their zoonotic implications. Therefore, ticks were collected on cattle located in three provinces of eastern Burkina Faso. Tick pools were tested using a panel of genus-specific real-time assays targeting conserved regions of parapoxvirus, orthopoxvirus, flavivirus and phlebovirus. On the 26 farms visited, a total of 663 ticks were collected. Four genera and six tick species were morphologically identified, with Amblyomma variegatum and Hyalomma spp. being the most represented species. No arboviruses were found. However, this study highlights the presence of pseudocowpox virus (8.2%) and bovine papular stomatitis virus (5.8%) among the positive tick pools. BPSV positive ticks were found in herds sharing water and pastures resources and with a history of seasonal transhumance. Therefore, common grazing and the seasonal transhumance are likely to support the transmission of the virus. This could have important health and economic impacts, especially regarding transboundary cattle movements
Published: 2020

8. GloPID-R report on chikungunya, o'nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part 5: Entomological aspects

Author: Thomas Jaenisch, Anubis Vega-Rúa, Patrícia Brasil, M. G. Rosa-Freitas, Michael A. Drebot, P. Gallian, Sébastien Boyer, Maria Rios, Amadou A. Sall, Laura Pezzi, Anna-Bella Failloux, Angelle Desiree LaBeaud, Lisa F. P. Ng, Michael S. Diamond, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Guilherme S. Ribeiro, Scott C. Weaver, Mariama Dalanda Diallo, Nikos Vasilakis, A. J. Rodriguez-Morales, Alain Kohl, François Simon, Michael P. Busch, André Siqueira, Chantal Reusken, Jan Felix Drexler, Johan Neyts, Graham Simmons, X. de Lamballerie, Marc Lecuit, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Public Health Agency of Canada, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Rega Institute for Medical Research [Leuven, België], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz / Gonçalo Moniz Research Centre - Fiocruz Bahia [Salvador, Brésil] (IGM), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira [Colombie] (UTP), Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées, BUISINE, Soline, Virology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Institut Pasteur [Paris], University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Primates, Research Report, GloPID-R chikungunya, o'nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus Working Group, Aedes albopictus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Aedes aegypti, Mosquito Vectors, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, Aedes, Virology, Anopheles, medicine, Animals, Humans, O'nyong-nyong Virus, Chikungunya, Haemagogus, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacology, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, biology, Alphavirus Infections, Yellow fever, Outbreak, virus diseases, Central America, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Africa, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Enzootic, Chikungunya Fever, Chikungunya virus
Abstract: The GloPID-R (Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness) chikungunya (CHIKV), o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) Working Group has been established to investigate natural history, epidemiology and clinical aspects of infection by these viruses. Here, we present a report dedicated to entomological aspects of CHIKV, ONNV and MAYV. Recent global expansion of chikungunya virus has been possible because CHIKV established a transmission cycle in urban settings using anthropophilic vectors such as Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. MAYV and ONNV have a more limited geographic distribution, being confined to Africa (ONNV) and central-southern America (MAYV). ONNV is probably maintained through an enzootic cycle that has not been characterized yet, with Anopheles species as main vectors and humans as amplification hosts during epidemics. MAYV is transmitted by Haemagogus species in an enzootic cycle using non-human primates as the main amplification and maintenance hosts, and humans becoming sporadically infected when venturing in or nearby forest habitats. Here, we focused on the transmission cycle and natural vectors that sustain circulation of these viruses in their respective locations. The knowledge of the natural ecology of transmission and the capacity of different vectors to transmit these viruses is crucial to understand CHIKV emergence, and to assess the risk that MAYV and ONNV will expand on wide scale using anthropophilic mosquito species not normally considered primary vectors. Finally, the experts identified knowledge gaps and provided adapted recommendations, in order to address future entomological investigations in the right direction. ispartof: ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH vol:174 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published
Published: 2019

9. Development and Evaluation of a Duo Zaire ebolavirus Real-Time RT-PCR Assay Targeting Two Regions within the Genome

Author: Yannik Boehmann, Hervé Raoul, Rémi N. Charrel, Xavier de Lamballerie, Laurence Thirion, Iban Corcostegui, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire P4 - Jean Mérieux, Centre Européen de Virologie/Immunologie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This project has received funding (i) from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 115843 (EbolaModRad), this Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and EFPIA (www.imi.europa.eu), (ii) by the European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg) project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 653316, (iii) the European Union Horizon 2020 program, grant No. 666092 REACTION., European Project: 666092,H2020,H2020-Adhoc-2014-20,REACTION(2014), European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), BUISINE, Soline, Evaluation of the efficacy and of the antiviral activity of T-705 (favipiravir) duringEbola virus infection in non-human primates humans - REACTION - - H20202014-11-01 - 2016-10-31 - 666092 - VALID, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Zaire ebolavirus, In silico, 030106 microbiology, Filoviridae, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, filoviridae, diagnostics, medicine, viral hemorrhagic fever, ebola virus disease, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, response, Multiple sequence alignment, Ebola virus, GeneXpert MTB/RIF, emerging, Outbreak, biology.organism_classification, preparedness, 3. Good health, diagnostics, emerging, viral hemorrhagic fever, preparedness, response, 030104 developmental biology, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, hemorrhagic fever, viral
Abstract: Preparedness and response actions to mitigate Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks rely on rapid diagnosis to be implemented locally to sort suspect patients attending health centers. Our aim was (i) to develop and evaluate an RT-qPCR assay combining primers and probes derived from two reference assays targeting different genomic regions, (ii) to study whether sensitivity and specificity of this dual-target assay were at least equal or better to the parental assays, (iii) to implement this dual-target assay onto the Cepheid GeneXpert open cartridge as a proof of principle for technological transfer aiming at bedsite testing locally. To do so, three home-made published RT-qPCR assays were selected to be compared with the RealStar&reg, Filovirus Screen RT-PCR kit 1.0 (Altona Diagnostics, Hamburg, Germany), a technique that was largely deployed during the 2014&ndash, 2015 West African EVD outbreak. Primers and probes sequences of the custom-made assays were analyzed in silico against a multiple sequence alignment, including &gt, 250 complete sequences corresponding to strains that have caused EVD epidemics in the past. Genomic RNA purified from the Mekambo strain of Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) was used to study the sensitivity of the five methods. Based on these results, two in-house methods were selected and adapted to design the dual-target assay, which performances were compared to those of the parental assays using a synthetic RNA control. The dual-target assay showed better sensitivity and limit of detection (LoD95 at 0.4 copies/&micro, L) than the parental methods (1.7 and 2.2 copies/&micro, L). Ultimately, the dual-target assay was transferred onto the GeneXpert Flex-03 open cartridge, demonstrating a LoD95 at 0.75 copies/&micro, L. Together these results indicate that EBOV dual-target assay has the potential to be used during EVD outbreak in the laboratory having performed molecular testing during the recent outbreaks.
Published: 2019
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10. Vector-borne transmission of Zika virus in Europe, southern France, August 2019

Author: M. Auzet-Caillaud, C. Jeannin, Nelly Fournet, Xavier Naudot, Anne Decoppet, Harold Noel, Samer Aboukais, B. Cadiou, Gilda Grard, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, P. Chaud, Anne Ovize, Marie-Claire Paty, Laurence Thirion, Lakri Hamouda, Thierry Travaglini, Grégory L'Ambert, Henriette de Valk, F. Franke, Christine Zandotti, Guillaume André Durand, Saby Guedj, Clément Lazarus, Sandra Giron, Santé publique France [Marseille] (French National Public Health Agency), Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille] (ORS PACA), Entente interdépartementale pour la démoustication du littoral méditerranéen [Montpellier] (EID Méditerranée), EID-Méditerranée, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Fédération de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène [AP-HM Hôpital La Timone], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Médecin généraliste [Hyères, France], Eurofins Biomnis, Division de la surveillance et de la sécurité sanitaire [Paris] (Centre des opérations d'urgence en santé publique), Ministère de la Santé -Direction générale de la santé [Paris]-Centre de gestion des crises des urgences sanitaires [Paris], Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille] (CNR Arbovirus), Unité de Virologie [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille] (CNR Arbovirus - laboratoire associé), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Zika virus disease, medicine.medical_specialty, Mosquito Control, Aedes albopictus, Epidemiology, Mosquito Vectors, law.invention, Zika virus, 03 medical and health sciences, vector-borne transmission, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Symptom onset, Saliva, Index case, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Zika Virus Infection, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Transmission (mechanics), [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Sexual contact, Rapid Communication, Demography
Abstract: On 1 October 2019, a locally-acquired Zika virus disease case was laboratory confirmed in Hyères, Var department. Active case finding identified two additional locally-acquired cases living within 90 m, with symptom onset 8 days before the index case. Extensive patient interviews did not yield information supporting transmission through sexual contact or substances of human origin. Vector-borne transmission by local Aedes albopictus mosquitoes is the most likely mode of transmission. Here we describe the public health response.
Published: 2019

11. Meta-transcriptomic identification of hepatitis B virus in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with central nervous system disease

Author: Viengmon Davong, Mayfong Mayxay, Xavier de Lamballerie, Sayaphet Rattanavong, Kristian Alfsnes, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Vegard Eldholm, Paul N. Newton, Edward C. Holmes, John H.-O. Pettersson, Géraldine Piorkowski, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology [Uppsala, Sweden], Uppsala University, Public Health Agency of Sweden, The University of Sydney, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, Institute of Research and Education Development [Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic], University of Health Sciences [Vientiane, Laos] (UHS), Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], JHOP is funded by the Swedish research council FORMAS (grant no: 2015–710). ECH is funded by an ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship (FL170100022). JHOP, VE, XDL are members of the ZIKAlliance Programme of the European Union. This study was supported by the ZIKAlliance project under European Union Horizon 2020 programme (Grant Agreement no: 734548), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme EVAg under grant agreement N°653316, and Aix-Marseille University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The work in Laos was funded by the Wellcome Trust of UK, which also supports Paul Newton, and the Institute of Research for Development (IRD)., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), University of Oxford, BUISINE, Soline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, and A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Male, Infectious Medicine, Hepatitis B virus, Genotype, 030106 microbiology, Infektionsmedicin, Genome, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus, Article, Central nervous system disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Central Nervous System Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Meta-transcriptomics, Phylogeny, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, RNA sequencing, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Hepatitis B, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Immunology, DNA, Viral, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Etiology, Encephalitis, business
Abstract: Determining the etiological basis of central nervous system (CNS) infections is inherently challenging, primarily due to the multi-etiological nature. Using RNA sequencing, we aimed to identify microbes present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of two patients suffering CNS infection, previously diagnosed with Cryptococcus sp. and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, respectively. After meta-transcriptomic analysis, and confirmation with real-time PCR, hepatitis B virus (HBV) was detected in the CSF of two patients diagnosed with CNS syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial HBV genomes from these patients showed that they belonged to genotypes B and C and clustered with other viruses of Asian origin. In countries with high levels of HBV endemicity, the virus is likely to be found in patients diagnosed with CNS infections, although whether it contributes to symptoms and pathology, or is simply a coincidental infection, is unknown and merits further investigation. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Published: 2019

12. Seroprevalence Study of Anti-HEV IgG among Different Adult Populations in Corsica, France, 2019

Author: Shirley Masse, Christine Isnard, Brigitte Peres, Cécile Souty, Rémi N. Charrel, Lisandru Capai, Thierry Blanchon, Xavier de Lamballerie, Alessandra Falchi, Pierre Gallian, EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), hyperendemic, IgG, viruses, 030106 microbiology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Article, Immunoglobulin G, corsica, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, medicine, Seroprevalence, hepatitis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, lcsh:QH301-705.5, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 2. Zero hunger, Hepatitis, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, seroprevalence, business.industry, virus diseases, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, lcsh:Biology (General), risk factor, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, biology.protein, Age stratification, hepatitis E, France, business, Demography
Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. In France, hyperendemic areas including Corsica have an anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence higher than 50%. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in three adult populations in Corsica and the risk factors associated with antibody detection. Between 2017 and 2019, a total of 930 individuals, including 467 blood donors, 393 students or university staff members and 70 patients from general practice, were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay kit and filled a questionnaire. The association between seropositivity and potential risk factors was tested with univariate and multivariate analyses. Out of the 930 samples, 52.3% (486/930) were seropositive&mdash, 54.4% (254/467) among blood donors, 47.6% (187/393) among university students and 64.3% (45/70) among patients of general practice. Three main risk factors were identified: (i) skinning and butchering (Adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [1.51&ndash, 5.37], p-value &lt, 10&minus, 3), (ii) consumption of a local pork live raw sausage (fittonu) (aOR = 1.95 95% CI [1.45&ndash, 2.64], p-value = 10&minus, 5), and (iii) increasing age (p-value = 0.003). Seropositivity rates between the different populations were homogeneous after age stratification. This cross-sectional study indicates a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in the Corsican adult population, not significantly different between women and men and increasing with age. This serosurvey also showed homogeneity regarding the exposure to HEV among three different types of populations. Finally, we confirmed the endemicity of Corsica with respect to HEV and identified a strong association between consumption of figatellu/fittonu and the practice of skinning and butchering with the detection of anti-HEV IgG.
Published: 2019
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13. Laser-cut paper-based device for the detection of dengue non-structural NS1 protein and specific IgM in human samples

Author: Agnès Rubens, Frédéric Foucault, G. Theillet, I Leparc-Goffart, Christine Rozand, Frederic Bedin, Pascal Dalbon, BUISINE, Soline, Centre National de Référence (CNR) des Arbovirus - Laboratoire coordonnateur : Equipe Résidente de Recherche d'Infectiologie Tropicale (ERRIT), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Laveran, and BIOMERIEUX
Subjects: Adult, Male, Paper, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Point-of-Care Systems, viruses, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Biology, Dengue virus, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Serology, Dengue fever, Dengue, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Limit of Detection, Virology, medicine, Humans, Serologic Tests, Flavivirus Infections, Intensive care medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Lasers, General Medicine, Paper based, Dengue Virus, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Specific igm, Early Diagnosis, 030104 developmental biology, Immunoglobulin M, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, biology.protein, Female
Abstract: The incidence of flavivirus infections has increased dramatically in recent decades in tropical and sub-tropical areas worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of people each year. Dengue viruses are typically transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause a wide range of symptoms from flu-like fever to organ impairment and death. Although conventional diagnostic tests can provide early diagnosis of acute dengue infections, access to these tests is often limited in developing countries. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop affordable, simple, rapid, and robust diagnostic tools that can be used at 'Point of Care' settings. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve patient management and reduce the risk of complications. In the present study, a novel laser-cut device made of glass-fiber paper was designed and tested for the detection of the dengue Non Structural 1 (NS1) viral protein and specific IgM in blood and plasma. The device, called PAD, was able to detect around 25 ng/mL of NS1 protein in various sample types in 8 minutes, following a few simple steps. The PAD was also able to detect specific IgM in human plasmas in less than 10 minutes. The PAD appears to have all the potential to assist health workers in early diagnosis of dengue fever or other tropical fevers caused by flaviviruses.
Published: 2018

14. Probable Sexually Transmitted Zika Virus Infection in a Pregnant Woman

Author: Alice Vilain-Parce, Frédéric Coatleven, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Hervé Fleury, A. Desclaux, Denis Malvy, Xavier de Lamballerie, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, business.industry, viruses, 030106 microbiology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Zika virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Challenging Diagnosis of Zika Virus Infection Zika virus infection is associated with birth defects. This letter describes the challenging diagnosis of Zika virus infection in a pregnant woman.
Published: 2018

15. Antibody Response to Toscana Virus and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus in Cats Naturally Exposed to Phlebotomine Sand Fly Bites in Portugal

Author: Pereira, André, Ayhan, Nazli, Cristóvão, José Manuel, Vilhena, Hugo, Martins, Ângela, Cachola, Patrícia, Henriques, Joaquim, Coimbra, Mónica, Catarino, Ana, Lestinova, Tereza, Spitzova, Tatiana, Volf, Petr, Campino, Lenea, Charrel, Remi, Maia, Carla, Global Health and Tropical Medicine [Lisbonne, Portugal] (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama [Coimbra, Portugal] (Department of Veterinary Medicine), Vasco da Gama Universitary School [Coimbra, Portugal], University Veterinary Hospital [Coimbra, Portugal], Animal and Veterinary Research Centre - CECAV [Vila Real, Portugal], University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [Portugal] (UTAD), Hospital Veterinário da Arrábida [Azeitão, Portugal], Hospital Veterinário do Algarve [Faro, Portugal], Hospital Veterinário de Berna [Lisboa, Portugal], Clínica Veterinária Porto Seguro [Olhão, Portugal], VetCoa - Serviços Veterinários [Sabugal, Portugal], Department of Parasitology [Prague, Czech Republic] (Faculty of Science), Charles University [Prague] (CU), This work was partially supported by Bayer Animal Health, Germany and Global Health and Tropical Medicine Center (UID/Multi/04413/2013) and by the European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg) project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 653316. AP and CM have the support of the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science (via Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.), through a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/116516/2016) and an Investigator Starting Grant (IF/01302/2015), respectively. PV, TS and TL are supported by ERD funds, project CeRaViP (16_019/0000759) and UNCE 204072., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), BUISINE, Soline, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Bunyavirales, Phlebovirus, Toscana virus, saliva, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Communication, cat, Phenuiviridae, Phlebotomus perniciosus, arbovirus, lcsh:Biology (General), [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus
Abstract: Phlebotomine sand fly-borne pathogens such as Leishmania spp. and phleboviruses are emerging threats to humans and animals worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the exposure of cats from Portugal to Toscana virus (TOSV) and Sandfly Fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) and assess the associated risk factors. The possible association between exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus saliva with TOSV and SFSV was also investigated. Out of 369 cats tested, 18 (4.9%, n = 365) were seropositive for TOSV, and eight (2.2%, n = 367) were seropositive for SFSV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cats presenting clinical signs that were compatible with leishmaniosis and antibodies to TOSV had a significantly higher risk of being SFSV seropositive. The presence of antibodies to sand fly-borne viruses in cats indicate that these animals are frequently exposed to sand flies and transmitted pathogens. Data suggest that cats can be used to qualitatively monitor human exposure to TOSV and SFSV in endemic areas. The clinical impact of SFSV in cats’ health should be investigated. The identification of the sand fly species responsible for the circulation of TOSV and SFSV in nature and the evaluation of the vectorial competence of P. perniciosus to SFSV should also be addressed.
Published: 2019

16. A survey of sand flies (Diptera, Phlebotominae) along recurrent transit routes in Serbia

Author: Nazli Ayhan, Petr Halada, Rémi N. Charrel, Gizem Oguz, Yusuf Özbel, Dušan Petrić, Vit Dvorak, Bulent Alten, Kristyna Hlavackova, Vladimir Ivović, Slavica Vaselek, Faculty of Sciences [University of Novi Sad], University of Novi Sad, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, University of Primorska, Ege university, Ege Üniversitesi, and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Fauna, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Phlebotomus, Leishmaniasis, Leishmania, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, Emigration and Immigration, 030108 mycology & parasitology, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Sand fly, Female, Phlebotomus neglectus, Leishmania infantum, Serbia, MALDI-TOF, Phlebotominae, Veterinary (miscellaneous), 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, [SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Immigration routes, fungi, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Insect Vectors, Insect Science, Vector (epidemiology), Parasitology, Psychodidae, [SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Abstract: Halada, Petr/0000-0002-7229-3450; Vaselek, Slavica/0000-0002-9105-7138; Dvorak, Vit/0000-0001-5636-7483; Ivovic, Vladimir/0000-0002-1562-9528; OZBEL, YUSUF/0000-0001-8335-1997, WOS: 000500182400034, PubMed: 31207207, Serbia was a country endemic for leishmaniasis with rich and abundant sand fly fauna during the middle of the 20th century. After 1968, the disease was considered as eradicated, and as a consequence, all research on vectors and pathogens was neglected. the recent detection of Leishmania infantum in sand flies and confirmed cases of leishmaniasis in humans and dogs indicated the risk of re-emergence in Serbia. Also, for millions of refugees/immigrants, Serbia is a transit route between East-Mediterranean and Middle-East countries, and Central/North Europe, and it is under constant risk of vector and disease introduction. Primary objectives of this research were to determine which sand fly species are present around transit routes, whether they include vectors of the Leishmania spp. moreover, is/are Leishmania spp. present in the vectors. Surveys were conducted at 55 locations, organised in four clusters, which covered main immigrant routes and shelters/camps as well as tourist/trade transit routes. in total, 367 sand fly specimens were collected. Nine species were identified: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perfiliewi, P. tobbi, P. neglectus, P. sergenti, P. alexandri, P. simici, P. balcanicus and P. mascittii. Detection of P. alexandri represents the first record in Serbia. the diversity of sand fly species increased while the number of collected specimens per night decreased during the period of research neglection. Phlebotomus neglectus, a proven vector of L. infantum, was a predominant species in all surveyed clusters, and in 56,52% of locations, it was the only species present. Although all detected species are regarded either as proven or suspected vectors of Leishmania spp., screening of females for Leishmania presence resulted negative. Our study provides insight into the significant changes of sand fly fauna in Serbia during the end of XX and beginning of XXI century. Diverse sand fly fauna in Serbia suggests that the establishment of new leishmaniasis foci is possible., European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) [OC/EFSA/AHAW/2013/02-FWC1]; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC); Czech Science FoundationGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [15-04329S]; Institute of Microbiology [RVO61388971]; European Virus Archive goes Global goes Global project (EVAg) - European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [653316]; EDENext FP7 EU project [261504], The work was carried out under the VectorNet project, a European network for sharing data on the geographic distribution of arthropod vectors, transmitting human and animal disease agents (Contract OC/EFSA/AHAW/2013/02-FWC1) funded by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). the study was partially supported by the Czech Science Foundation (15-04329S) and the Institute of Microbiology (RVO61388971), European Virus Archive goes Global goes Global project (EVAg) funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 653316), and the EDENext FP7- no261504 EU project (http://www.edenext.eu).
Published: 2019

17. Circulation of Toscana Virus in a Sample Population of Corsica, France

Author: Rémi N. Charrel, Lisandru Capai, Shirley Masse, Nazli Ayhan, Xavier de Lamballerie, Frédéric Bosseur, Alessandra Falchi, Laboratoire de Virologie [UNIV Corse-Inserm] (EA7310), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Phlebovirus, Prevalence, lcsh:QR1-502, Phenuiviridae, Antibodies, Viral, lcsh:Microbiology, Bunyavirales, Residence Characteristics, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus, Child, arthropod-borne virus, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, seroprevalence, meningitis, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, France, microneutralization, Adult, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Population, sandfly, Bunyaviridae Infections, Arbovirus, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, education, Aged, Toscana virus, Sandfly fever Naples virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Sandfly, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, arbovirus, Sandfly Fever Sicilian virus
Abstract: International audience; Sandfly-borne phleboviruses pathogenic to humans, such as Toscana virus (TOSV) and Sandfly Fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), are endemic in the Mediterranean region. In France, several autochthonous cases of TOSV infection have been described, causing either meningitis or encephalitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of TOSV and SFSV antibodies in a healthy population from Corsica. In this cross-sectional study, participants were enrolled (i) from a medical staff at the University of Corsica and (ii) from general practitioners of the Corsican Sentinelles Network. The seroprevalence study was based on a virus microneutralization assay. A total of 240 sera were tested. Altogether, 54 sera (22.5%) were confirmed positive for TOSV antibodies, whereas none were positive for SFSV (0/240). The residential district of participants was significantly associated with TOSV seropositivity (p value = 0.005). The rate of the seropositivity against TOSV in our study suggests that the Corsican population is well exposed to the TOSV. These results encourage the implementation of a systematic surveillance system including entomological, microbiological, and medical aspects for the collection of better information on the diseases that are associated with phleboviruses in Corsica and beyond in the regions where these viruses are present.
Published: 2019

18. Rapid Diagnostic Tests as a Source of Dengue Virus RNA for Envelope Gene Amplification: A Proof of Concept

Author: Cassidy-Seyoum, S, Vongsouvath, M, Sengvilaipaseuth, O, Seephonelee, M, Bharucha, T, De Lamballerie, X, Newton, P, Dubot-Pérès, A, Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University College of London [London] (UCL), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford, This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain, the Institute of Research for Development, and AixMarseille University. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., BUISINE, Soline, and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: Immunoassay, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Gene Amplification, Articles, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Dengue Virus, Antibodies, Viral, Proof of Concept Study, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Viral Envelope Proteins, Laos, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Humans, RNA, Viral
Abstract: International audience; Molecular epidemiological data are key for dengue outbreak characterization and preparedness. However, sparse Dengue virus (DENV) molecular information is available in Laos because of limited resources. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated whether DENV1 RNA extracted from rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) could be amplified and sequenced. The protocol for envelope gene amplification from RNA purified from RDTs was first assessed using viral isolate dilutions then conducted using 14 dengue patient sera. Envelope gene amplification was successful from patient sera with high virus titer, as was sequencing but with lower efficiency. Hence, based on our results, RDTs can be a source of DENV1 RNA for subsequent envelope gene amplification and sequencing. This is a promising tool for collecting molecular epidemiology data from rural dengue-endemic areas. However, further investigations are needed to improve assay efficiency and to assess this tool's level of efficacy on a larger scale in the field.
Published: 2019

19. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic techniques to identify cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for diagnosing suspected central nervous system infections. A systematic review

Author: Bevin Gangadharan, Xavier de Lamballerie, Paul N. Newton, Abhinav Kumar, Tehmina Bharucha, Markus Winterberg, Nicole Zitzmann, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, Department of Biochemistry [Oxford, UK] (Institute of Glycobiology ), Institute of Glycobiology [Oxford, UK], Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], The work was supported by the University of Oxford and the Medical Research Council [grant number MR/N013468/1]. It wasalso supported by the Oxford Glycobiology endowment, Total Foundation, Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeEVAg [grant number 653316], the Institute of Research for Development (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain that supports LOMWRU and PNN., University of Oxford-University of Oxford, University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Proteomics, Proteome, Cns infections, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), English language, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Central Nervous System Infections, Diagnosis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Biomarker discovery, Child, Cerebrospinal Fluid, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Aged, 80 and over, Cross Infection, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Peptide sequencing, Drainage, Biomarker (medicine), Female, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Neurological infections, 030106 microbiology, Central nervous system, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Aged, Mass spectrometry, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, ROC Curve, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Highlights • We performed a systematic review of MS-based peptide sequencing to identify cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers to diagnose neurological infections. • Eleven studies were identified, with results demonstrating feasibility and potential for diagnosis of a range of aetiologies, including tuberculosis, West Nile virus infection and trypanosomiasis. • Six studies performed further work termed verification or validation. In two of these studies, it was possible to extract data on sensitivity and specificity of the biomarkers detected by ELISA, ranging from 89–94% and 58–92% respectively. • We highlight the need for strong interdisciplinary collaboration and investment in these studies, to ensure appropriate study design, and see biomarkers progress through to validation. • Successful CSF protein biomarkers could potentially be detected by MALDI-ToF, ELISA and point-of-care immunochromatographic tests., Summary Objectives Central nervous system (CNS) infections account for considerable death and disability every year. An urgent research priority is scaling up diagnostic capacity, and introduction of point-of-care tests. We set out to assess current evidence for the application of mass spectrometry (MS) peptide sequencing in identification of diagnostic biomarkers for CNS infections. Methods We performed a systematic review (PROSPERO—CRD42018104257) using PRISMA guidelines on use of MS to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for diagnosing CNS infections. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane for articles published from 1 January 2000 to 1 February 2019, and contacted experts. Inclusion criteria involved primary research except case reports, on the diagnosis of infectious diseases except HIV, applying MS to human CSF samples, and English language. Results 4,620 papers were identified, of which 11 were included, largely confined to pre-clinical biomarker discovery, and eight (73%) published in the last five years. 6 studies performed further work termed verification or validation. In 2 of these studies, it was possible to extract data on sensitivity and specificity of the biomarkers detected by ELISA, ranging from 89–94% and 58–92% respectively. Conclusions The findings demonstrate feasibility and potential of the methods in a variety of infectious diseases, but emphasise the need for strong interdisciplinary collaborations to ensure appropriate study design and biomarker validation.
Published: 2019

20. The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal

Author: Guillaume Holweck, Guillaume André Durand, Franck de Laval, Emilie Javelle, Thibault Lefebvre, Alexandre Lesueur, Fabrice Simon, Vincent Pommier de Santi, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Gaëtan Texier, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille] (CNR Arbovirus), Unité de Virologie [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), BUISINE, Soline, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), and Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille] (CNR Arbovirus - laboratoire associé)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Livestock, Rift Valley Fever, Bunyaviridae, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:QR1-502, Review, Arbovirus, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, lcsh:Microbiology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Human disease, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Zoonoses, medicine, Practical algorithm, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Rift Valley fever, Intensive care medicine, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), lcsh:RM1-950, Arthropod Vectors, Outbreak, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Clinical disease, 3. Good health, Management, Algorithm, lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Epidemiological Monitoring, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Guideline Adherence, business
Abstract: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is an emerging zoonotic arbovirus with a complex cycle of transmission that makes difficult the prediction of its expansion. Recent outbreaks outside Africa have led to rediscover the human disease but it remains poorly known. The wide spectrum of acute and delayed manifestations with potential unfavorable outcome much complicate the management of suspected cases and prediction of morbidity and mortality during an outbreak. We reviewed literature data on bio-clinical characteristics and treatments of RVF human illness. We identified gaps in the field and provided a practical algorithm to assist clinicians in the cases assessment, determination of setting of care and prolonged follow-up.
Published: 2019

21. Chikungunya, a risk factor for Guillain-Barré syndrome

Author: Bruno Hoen, Benoit Tressières, Sophie Stegmann-Planchard, Annie Lannuzel, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, André Cabié, Pierre Gallian, Aissatou Signate, Cédric Laouénan, Unité de Maladies Infectieuses [CH Louis-Constant Fleming, Saint Martin], Centre Hospitalier Louis Constant Fleming, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Department of neurology, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modèles et méthodes de l'évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques (U738 / UMR_S738), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, case-control study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, Chikungunya, Risk factor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, West indies, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Zika Virus Infection, business.industry, Case-control study, Outbreak, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Case-Control Studies, chikungunya infection, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Chikungunya Fever, business, Chikungunya virus
Abstract: In a matched case-control study where 24 cases developed Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) during the 2014 chikungunya outbreak in the French West Indies and 72 controls were blood donors during the same period, chikungunya infection was a risk factor for GBS (odds ratio, 8.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.3–29.7; P = .001).
Published: 2019

22. Nasal or throat sampling is adequate for the detection of the human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infections

Author: Nguyen, V, Russell, F, Dance, D, Vilivong, K, Phommachan, S, Syladeth, C, Lai, J, Lim, R, Morpeth, M, Mayxay, M, Newton, P, De Lamballerie, X, Dubot-Pérès, A, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), Department of Paediatrics [Melbourne], Melbourne Medical School [Melbourne], Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne-Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Institute of Research and Education Development [Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic], University of Health Sciences [Vientiane, Laos] (UHS), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme EVAg, Grant/Award Number: 653316, Aix‐Marseille University, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Grant/Award Number: OPP1115490, Wellcome Trust of Great Britain, Grant/Award Number: 089275/H/09/Z0, Institute of Research for Development, European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Oxford, BUISINE, Soline, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: Male, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, detection rate, nasal swab, Infant, Reproducibility of Results, throat swab, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Viral Load, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, nasopharyngeal swab, Laos, Child, Preschool, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Humans, Pharynx, Female, Nasal Cavity, human respiratory syncytial virus, Research Articles, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the most important causes of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in young children. HRSV diagnosis is based on the detection of the virus in respiratory specimens. Nasopharyngeal swabbing is considered the preferred method of sampling, although there is limited evidence of the superiority of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) over the less invasive nasal (NS) and throat (TS) swabs for virus detection by real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In the current study, we compared the three swabbing methods for the detection of HRSV by RT-qPCR in children hospitalized with ARI at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos. In 2014, NS, NPS, and TS were collected from 288 children. All three samples were tested for HRSV by RT-qPCR; 141 patients were found positive for at least one sample. Almost perfect agreements (κ > 0.8) between the swabs, compared two by two, were observed. Detection rates for the three swabs (between 93% and 95%) were not significantly different, regardless of the clinical presentation. Our findings suggest that the uncomfortable and technically more demanding NPS method is not mandatory for HRSV detection by RT-qPCR.
Published: 2019

23. Letter to the editor: False-positive results with rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for dengue

Author: Philippe Gautret, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Emilie Javelle, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), BUISINE, Soline, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)
Subjects: Male, Letter, chikungunya, Epidemiology, zika, CHIKV, medicine.disease_cause, rapid diagnostic test, Dengue fever, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chikungunya, Child, Finland, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 0303 health sciences, Rapid diagnostic test, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Incidence, Diagnostic test, Middle Aged, Thailand, Arthralgia, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Chikungunya virus, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, false positive, Letter to the editor, Adolescent, Fever, MEDLINE, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Virology, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Epidemics, RDT, ZIKV, Aged, DENV, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Arthritis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, dengue, Emergency medicine, Chikungunya Fever, business
Abstract: In January 2019, five of 11 travellers to Koh Lanta, Thailand, contracted chikungunya, symptoms starting 4 days after presumed transmission. Four cases were hospitalised, one child treated in intensive care; 6 weeks after disease onset, all three adults have persistent arthralgias/arthritis, incapacitating for two. Together with a recent report of eight chikungunya cases among travellers to various destinations in Thailand, the high attack rate in our cluster points to an ongoing outbreak in the country.
Published: 2019

24. Management of Central Nervous System Infections, Vientiane, Laos, 2003–2011

Author: Phonelavanh Phoumin, Amphonesavanh Sengduangphachanh, Rattanaphone Phetsouvanh, Mary-Anne Burns, Scott B. Craig, Valy Keoluangkot, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Olay Lattana, Khonesavanh Luangxay, Prasith Phimmasone, Koukeo Phommasone, Sue J. Lee, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Kongkham Sisout, David A. B. Dance, Amphaivanh Seubsanith, Catrin E. Moore, Mayfong Mayxay, Khamsai Detleuxay, Vilada Chansamouth, Viengmon Davong, Sabine Dittrich, Xavier de Lamballerie, S. M. Tulsiani, Stuart D. Blacksell, Inpanh Phouangsouvanh, Sayaphet Rattanavong, Phonepasith Panyanivong, Paul N. Newton, Anisone Chanthongthip, Bountoy Sibounheuang, Manivone Simmalavong, Joy Sirisouk, Davanh Sengdatka, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Wellcome Trust-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-University of Oxford [Oxford], Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Mahosot Hospital, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain, the Institute of Research for Development, AixMarseille University, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program European Virus Archive global (grant agreement no. 653316)., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), Graduate School, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Global Health, APH - Methodology, University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, University of Oxford, BUISINE, Soline, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: Infectious Encephalitis, Male, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Epidemiology, encephalitis, Antibiotics, Cryptococcus, lcsh:Medicine, antibiotics, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Rickettsia, Child, bacteria, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Leptospira, Cross Infection, biology, diabetes, Mortality rate, Health Policy, meningitis, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Laos, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Ceftriaxone, Female, meningitis/encephalitis, Meningitis, Encephalitis, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, patient care management, Asia, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, viral infections, 030231 tropical medicine, central nervous system infections, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, WHO meningitis, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, antimicrobial medicines, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, Infant, WHO encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, mortality, Japanese encephalitis virus, bacterial infections, Lao, business
Abstract: International audience; During 2003-2011, we recruited 1,065 patients of all ages admitted to Mahosot Hospital (Vientiane, Laos) with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infection. Etiologies were laboratory confirmed for 42.3% of patients, who mostly had infections with emerging pathogens: viruses in 16.2% (mainly Japanese encephalitis virus [8.8%]); bacteria in 16.4% (including Orientia tsutsugamushi [2.9%], Leptospira spp. [2.3%], and Rickettsia spp. [2.3%]); and Cryptococcus spp. fungi in 6.6%. We observed no significant differences in distribution of clinical encephalitis and meningitis by bacterial or viral etiology. However, patients with bacterial CNS infection were more likely to have a history of diabetes than others. Death (26.3%) was associated with low Glasgow Coma Scale score, and the mortality rate was higher for patients with bacterial than viral infections. No clinical or laboratory variables could guide antibiotic selection. We conclude that high-dependency units and first-line treatment with ceftriaxone and doxycycline for suspected CNS infections could improve patient survival in Laos.
Published: 2019

25. Viral RNA Degradation Makes Urine a Challenging Specimen for Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Patients With Suspected CNS Infection

Author: Bharucha, Tehmina, Sengvilaipaseuth, Onanong, Seephonelee, Malee, Vongsouvath, Malavanh, Rattanavong, Sayaphet, Piorkowski, Géraldine, Lecuit, Marc, Gorman, Christopher, Pommier, Jean-David, Garson, Jeremy, Newton, Paul, de Lamballerie, Xavier, Dubot-Peres, Audrey, Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, University College of London [London] (UCL), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford, The research has been implemented in collaboration with the ComAcross project (www.onehealthsea.org/comacross) thanks to the financial support of the European Union (EuropeAid, INNOVATE contract 315-047). It was also supported by Total Foundation, Horizon 2020 research and the innovation program EVAg under grant agreement No. 653316, the Institute of Research for Development, Aix-Marseille University, and the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain., We are very grateful to the patients and to Asst. Prof. Bounthaphany Bounxouei, the Director of Mahosot Hospital, the late Dr. Rattanaphone Phetsouvanh, Director of the Microbiology Laboratory, Dr. Mayfong Mayxay, and the staff of the wards and Microbiology Laboratory of Mahosot Hospital. We also thank Ooyanong Phonemixay for technical help and support, Asst. Prof. Dr. Bounnak Saysanasongkham, Director of the Department of Health and Rehabilitation (DHR), Ministry of Health, and Prof. Bounkong Syhavong, Minister of Health, Lao P.D.R., for their very kind help and support. We thank the stakeholders of the ongoing SEAe project, and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Japanese encephalitis virus, diagnosis, viruses, RT-qPCR, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, flavivirus, RNA
Abstract: International audience; Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections in Asia and results in significant morbidity and mortality. JEV RNA is rarely detected in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and diagnosis of JEV infection is usually based on serological tests that are frequently difficult to interpret. Unlike serum or CSF, urine is relatively easy to obtain, but, to date, there has been minimal work on the feasibility of testing urine for JEV RNA.Methods: We investigated the use of lysis buffer and a Microsep device to optimize urine storage for detection of JEV RNA by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The best of the studied methods was then evaluated in consecutive patients admitted to the hospital with suspected CNS infections in Laos.Results: We demonstrated degradation of JEV RNA in urine after even short storage periods at 4°C or -80°C. Although there was no advantage in using a Microsep concentration device alone, immediate addition of lysis buffer to fresh urine improved the detection of JEV RNA at the limit of detection.Conclusions: In 2 studies of 41 patients with acute encephalitis syndrome, 11 (27%) were positive for JEV IgM in CSF and/or serum, and 2 (4.9%) were JEV RT-qPCR positive from throat swabs. JEV RNA was not detected in any of these patients' urine samples. However, lysis buffer was only used during a prospective study, that is, for only 17/41 (41%) patient urine samples. Our findings suggest a need for larger studies testing urine for JEV RNA, with urine collected at different times from symptom onset, and using lysis buffer, which stabilizes RNA, for storage.
Published: 2019

26. Detection of chikungunya virus‐specific IgM on laser‐cut paper‐based device using pseudo‐particles as capture antigen

Author: Margot Enguehard, Mathilde Galla, Gilda Grard, Pascal Dalbon, Carine Maisse, Marie Cresson, Gerald Theillet, Frederic Bedin, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, BIOMERIEUX, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Apoptose Cancer et Développement, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology [Shangai], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This study was funded by BioMerieux SA and Agence Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie, Grant/Award Number: G. Theillet’s grant CIFRE no 2015/0514, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Infections Virales et Pathologie Comparée - UMR 754 (IVPC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), BioMerieux SA French National Research Agency (ANR) 2015/0514, and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: Male, chikungunya, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, diagnosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microfluidics, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chikungunya, Antigens, Viral, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, paper analytical device, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Chikungunya virus, Adult, Paper, Arbovirus Infections, Context (language use), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, virus-like particles, Arbovirus, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Humans, Aedes, pseudotyped virus, business.industry, Lasers, Virion, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, arbovirus, Immunoglobulin M, Togaviridae, biology.protein, Chikungunya Fever, business, virus‐like particles
Abstract: International audience; The incidence of arbovirus infections has increased dramatically in recent decades, affecting hundreds of millions of people each year. The Togaviridae family includes the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is typically transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and causes a wide range of symptoms from flu-like fever to severe arthralgia. Although conventional diagnostic tests can provide early diagnosis of CHIKV infections, access to these tests is often limited in developing countries. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop efficient, affordable, simple, rapid, and robust diagnostic tools that can be used in point-of-care settings. Early diagnosis is crucial to improve patient management and to reduce the risk of complications. A glass-fiber laser-cut microfluidic device (paper-based analytical device [PAD]) was designed and evaluated in a proof of principle context, for the analysis of 30 µL of patient serum. Biological raw materials used for the functionalization of the PAD were first screened by MAC-ELISA (IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for CHIKV Immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture and then evaluated on the PAD using various human samples. Compared with viral lysate traditionally used for chikungunya (CHIK) serology, CHIKV pseudo-particles (PPs) have proven to be powerful antigens for specific IgM capture. The PAD was able to detect CHIKV IgM in human sera in less than 10 minutes. Results obtained in patient sera showed a sensitivity of 70.6% and a specificity of around 98%. The PAD showed few cross-reactions with other tropical viral diseases. The PAD could help health workers in the early diagnosis of tropical diseases such as CHIK, which require specific management protocols in at-risk populations.
Published: 2019

27. Experimental Infection of Sand Flies by Massilia Virus and Viral Transmission by Co-Feeding on Sugar Meal

Author: Tatiana Spitzova, Magdalena Jancarova, Stéphane Priet, Petr Volf, Nazli Ayhan, Jana Hlaváčová, Laurence Bichaud, Rémi N. Charrel, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This study was funded by Charles University Research Centre (UNCE/SCI/012, T.S., J.H., M.J.), by ERD Funds 'Centre for research of pathogenicity and virulence of parasites' (16_019/0000759, P.V., T.S.), by the EurNegVec COST Action TD1303 (MJ) and Horizon 2020 Infrastructures 731060 Infravec2 (MJ)., European Project: 731060,INFRAVEC2(2017), Department of Parasitology [Prague, Czech Republic] (Faculty of Science), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Charles University [Prague], and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Phlebovirus, Veterinary medicine, Lutzomyia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:QR1-502, Phenuiviridae, lcsh:Microbiology, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Meals, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Toscana virus, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Phlebotomus, virus transmission, 3. Good health, Sergentomyia, Phlebotomus Fever, Infectious Diseases, Fomites, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, sand fly, Horizontal transmission, Sexual transmission, 030231 tropical medicine, Food Contamination, Article, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Animals, fungi, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Blood meal, Insect Vectors, 030104 developmental biology, Sandfly fever Naples virus, Psychodidae, Sugars
Abstract: Background: Massilia virus (MASV) is a phlebovirus isolated from Phlebotomus perniciosus in various regions of southwestern Europe. It is closely related to human pathogens such as Toscana virus and sandfly fever Naples virus. The natural cycle of phleboviruses is poorly understood. Indeed, experimental studies demonstrate that transovarial and sexual transmission are not efficient enough for the maintenance of the virus in nature and to date there is no convincing evidence that a species of vertebrates is the reservoir of the virus. Here, we studied various transmission routes of MASV taking advantage of experimental colonies representing different species of sand flies. Methodology/Principal findings: In P. perniciosus, four sources of infection were compared: (i) Virus-seeded larval food to the first instar larvae (L1), or (ii) to the fourth instar larvae (L4), (iii) virus-seeded blood meal to adult females, and (iv) virus-seeded sugar meal to adults of both sexes. From 875 adults emerged from infected L1 and L4, only three were positive. In females infected by bloodmeal the infection rate was high before defecation, then it decreased drastically, MASV RNA was detected in only 5 out of 27 post-defecation. Surprisingly, the most efficient route of infection was observed after intake of virus-seeded sugar meal: 72% of females (79/110) and 52% of males (51/99) were found to be MASV RNA-positive. In addition, MASV-infected sandflies regurgitated virus particules into the sugar drop and MASV RNA was detectable in this drop for at least 24 h after regurgitation. MASV RNA was detected in about one third of the P. perniciosus exposed to this sugar drop contaminated by regurgitation. Sugar meal infection was also tested with six other species of sand flies. In males, there were no significant differences in infection rates when compared to P. perniciosus. In females, most species tested showed high infection rate at the beginning but then significant gradual decrease in infection rate during the experiment. Conclusions/Significance: We present the first description of arboviral infection of a dipteran vector using sugar meal. In all seven sand fly species tested, MASV was detected for two weeks post-infection. Our results showed that MASV can be transmitted between P. perniciosus either through co-feeding or via an infected sugar source such as plant sap. These newly described routes of horizontal transmission may play an important role in the circulation of phleboviruses in nature.
Published: 2019
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28. Low Zika Virus Seroprevalence in Vientiane, Laos, 2003–2015

Author: Pastorino, B, Sengvilaipaseuth, O, Chanthongthip, A, Vongsouvath, M, Souksakhone, C, Mayxay, M, Thirion, L, Newton, P, De Lamballerie, X, Dubot-Pérès, A, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, National Blood Transfusion Centre [Vientiane, Laos] (Lao Red Cross), Institute of Research and Education Development [Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic], University of Health Sciences [Vientiane, Laos] (UHS), Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford, This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain, the Institute of Research for Development, and Aix Marseille University, by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme EVAg under grant agreement No. 653316 and by the European Union`s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under ZIKAlliance grant agreement No. 734548., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), University of Oxford [Oxford], BUISINE, Soline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, and A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Adult, Male, Adolescent, Zika Virus Infection, Articles, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Laos, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Humans, Female, Sex Ratio, Aged
Abstract: International audience; Zika virus (ZIKV) has been presumed to be endemic in Southeast Asia (SEA), with a low rate of human infections. Although the first ZIKV evidence was obtained in the 1950s through serosurveys, the first laboratory-confirmed case was only detected in 2010 in Cambodia. The epidemiology of ZIKV in SEA remains uncertain because of the scarcity of available data. From 2016, subsequent to the large outbreaks in the Pacific and Latin America, several Asian countries started reporting increasing numbers of confirmed ZIKV patients, but no global epidemiological assessment is available to date. Here, with the aim of providing information on ZIKV circulation and population immunity, we conducted a seroprevalence study among blood donors in Vientiane, Laos. Sera from 359 asymptomatic consenting adult donors in 2003-2004 and 687 in 2015 were screened for anti-ZIKV IgG using NS1 ELISA assay (Euroimmun, Luebeck, Germany). Positive and equivocal samples were confirmed for anti-ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by virus neutralization tests. Our findings suggest that ZIKV has been circulating in Vientiane over at least the last decade. Zika virus seroprevalence observed in the studied blood donors was low, 4.5% in 2003-2004 with an increase in 2015 to 9.9% (P = 0.002), possibly reflecting the increase of ZIKV incident cases reported over this period. We did not observe any significant difference in seroprevalence according to gender. With a low herd immunity in the Vientiane population, ZIKV represents a risk for future large-scale outbreaks. Implementation of a nationwide ZIKV surveillance network and epidemiological studies throughout the country is needed.
Published: 2019
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29. Optimization of a fragment linking hit toward Dengue and Zika virus NS5 methyltransferases inhibitors

Author: Jessica Hernandez, Etienne Decroly, Karine Barral, Gilles Querat, Bruno Coutard, Philippe Roche, Laurent Hoffer, Xavier Morelli, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the European program H2020 under the ZIKAlliance project (grant agreement 734548), the EVAg Research Infrastructure (grant agreement 653316) and by the French research agency ANR (VMTaseIn, grant ANR-ST14-ASTR-0026, and FragVir, grant ANR-13-JS07-0006-01)., ANR-14-ASTR-0026,VMTaseIn,Identification d'inhibiteurs de méthyltransférases de virus: une nouvelle stratégégie antivirale(2014), ANR-13-JS07-0006,FragVir,Développement d'inhibiteurs de la réplication de Flavivirus par une stratégie de « Fragment-Based Drug Discovery » ciblant l'activité méthyltransférase(2013), European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANR-13-JS07-0006,FragVir,Développement d'inhibiteurs de la réplication de Flavivirus par une stratégie de ' Fragment-Based Drug Discovery ' ciblant l'activité méthyltransférase(2013), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), BUISINE, Soline, Accompagnement spécifique des travaux de recherches et d’innovation défense - Identification d'inhibiteurs de méthyltransférases de virus: une nouvelle stratégégie antivirale - - VMTaseIn2014 - ANR-14-ASTR-0026 - ASTRID - VALID, Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Développement d'inhibiteurs de la réplication de Flavivirus par une stratégie de ' Fragment-Based Drug Discovery ' ciblant l'activité méthyltransférase - - FragVir2013 - ANR-13-JS07-0006 - JC - VALID, A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: Models, Molecular, Methyltransferase, viruses, Fragment growing, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, Crystallography, X-Ray, 01 natural sciences, Flavivirus NS5 methyltransferase inhibitors, Dengue fever, Zika virus, Drug Discovery, Flavivirus Infections, Enzyme Inhibitors, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Molecular Structure, Chemistry, virus diseases, General Medicine, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, 3. Good health, Flavivirus, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Structure-based drug design, RNA capping, Viral protein, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Antiviral Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, Structure-Activity Relationship, Dengue and Zika viruses, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Methyltransferases, Zika Virus, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 0104 chemical sciences, Docking (molecular)
Abstract: International audience; Structure-based drug design Dengue and Zika viruses Flavivirus NS5 methyltransferase inhibitors a b s t r a c t No antiviral drugs to treat or prevent life-threatening flavivirus infections such as those caused by mosquito-borne Dengue (DENV) and more recently Zika (ZIKV) viruses are yet available. We aim to develop, through a structure-based drug design approach, novel inhibitors targeting the NS5 AdoMet-dependent mRNA methyltransferase (MTase), a viral protein involved in the RNA capping process essential for flaviviruses replication. Herein, we describe the optimization of a hit (5) identified using fragment-based and structure-guided linking techniques, which binds to a proximal site of the AdoMet binding pocket. X-ray crystallographic structures and computational docking were used to guide our optimization process and lead to compounds 30 and 33 (DENV IC 50 ¼ 26 mM and 23 mM; ZIKV IC 50 ¼ 28 mM and 19 mM, respectively), two representatives of novel non-nucleoside inhibitors of flavi-virus MTases.
Published: 2019

30. Dengue fever type 1 in five travellers returning from the Comoros Islands to Marseille in August 2019 - The risk of importation and subsequent autochthonous dengue transmission in France

Author: Philippe Parola, Hortense Drouet, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Carole Eldin, Laetitia Ninove, Philippe Gautret, BUISINE, Soline, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pôle Médecine Interne, Maladies Infectieuses, Hématologie [Hôpital Européen, Marseille], Hôpital Européen de Marseille (HEM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)
Subjects: Comoros, Dengue fever, Dengue, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Dengue transmission, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Islands, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Travel, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 030306 microbiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Geography, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, France, Arboviruses
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

31. Emergent Sand Fly–Borne Phleboviruses in the Balkan Region

Author: Rémi N. Charrel, Nazli Ayhan, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), This work was supported in part by the European Virus Archive Goes Global (EVAg) project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 653316., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), BUISINE, Soline, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Emergent Sand Fly–Borne Phleboviruses in the Balkan Region, Balkan region, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, Mediterranean Basin, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Balkan peninsula, sandfly fever Naples virus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Balkan virus, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus, phlebovirus, sandfly fever Sicilian virus, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Toscana virus, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Ecology, Historical Review, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Adria virus, 3. Good health, Sandfly, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Phlebovirus, Phlebotomus, Sandfly fever Naples virus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, sand fly
Abstract: International audience; Sand fly–borne phleboviruses are associated with febrile diseases and nervous system infections in the Mediterranean basin. Sandfly fever was first reported in the Balkan Peninsula at the end of the 19th century. Since then, accumulating data show that the Balkan Peninsula, as a transboundary region between Asia and Europe, plays a major role in the emergence of vectorborne diseases in Europe. To provide an inclusive approach, we collected published data on phleboviruses in the Balkan countries and used them to evaluate the impact of these pathogens from virologic, epidemiologic, and public health perspectives. Recent findings show a high diversity of phleboviruses belonging to 3 species or serocomplexes circulating heavily in the Balkans. Focusing on undisputable human pathogens, we found direct and indirect laboratory documentation for Toscana virus, Sandfly fever Sicilian virus, and Adria virus. These data demonstrate that the Balkans are a hotspot for phleboviruses transmitted by sand flies.
Published: 2018

32. Evolution of symptoms and quality of life during Zika virus infection: A 1-year prospective cohort study

Author: Sébastien Briolant, Dominique Rousset, Nathalie André, Didier Belleoud, Séverine Matheus, Hubert d’Aubigny, Fabrice Simon, Enguerrane Martinez Lorenzi, Franck de Laval, Thomas Labrousse, Anne Laure Ensargueix, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, François Xavier Le Flem, Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, French Armed Forces Health Service [Cayenne, French Guiana], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Saint Anne Military Teaching Hospital [Toulon, France], Centre National de Référence pour les Arbovirus - Laboratoire de Virologie [Cayenne, Guyane française] (CNR - laboratoire associé), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Service de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale [HIA Laveran, Marseille], Hôpital d'instruction des armées Laveran, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), We thank the Direction centrale du Service de santé des armées who have funded the research (Grant IDs: 2016RC10)., BUISINE, Soline, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées (CESPA), French National Reference Centre for Arboviruse, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Archéologies d'Orient et d'Occident et Sciences des textes (AOROC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Unité de Virologie, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Institut pluridisciplinaire de recherche appliquée dans le domaine du génie pétrolier (IPRADDGP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2ELab), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: Quality of life, Longitudinal study, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Disease, Zika virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Zika, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ability to work, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, business.industry, Zika Virus Infection, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Zika Virus, biology.organism_classification, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Joint pain, Clinical follow up, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Chronicity, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RNA, Viral, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: International audience; Background: Although the complications of Zika virus infection have been well described, the clinical pattern has not been reported in enough detail to differentiate this infection from those with other arboviroses, and no longitudinal study has yet been published on the persistence of symptoms and quality of life. Objectives: were to describe bio-clinical pattern and quality of life during ZIKV infection, and their evolution. Study design: We present a 1-year clinical follow-up of 49 people infected with Zika virus in French Guiana, for whom the diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR in serum or urine. Results: Fever was inconsistent (95% confidence interval (CI), 39-67). Exanthema (CI, 84-100) was maculopapular, with pruritus and conjunctivitis, variable over time and disappeared 12 days after the onset of symptoms (CI, 10-14). Joint pain (CI, 39-67) occurred mainly in the hands, wrists, knees and ankles and lasted for 10 days (CI, 7-13). Asthenia (CI, 61-85) scored low (3/10) but lasted for 19 days (CI, 16-22). The last two symptoms strongly limited patients' activities in the acute stage of the disease (RAPID-3 score, CI, 5-8). None of the patients had neurological complications, but 41% (CI, 27-55) had areflexia during the first month. Conclusions: We found no real chronic evolution or decreased quality of life, function or ability to work from the first month after symptom onset.
Published: 2018

33. Comparative study of chikungunya Virus-Like Particles and Pseudotyped-Particles used for serological detection of specific immunoglobulin M

Author: Pascal Dalbon, Christophe Steinbrugger, Nicolas Papageorgiou, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Bruno Coutard, Jérôme Martinez, Frederic Bedin, Dimitri Lavillette, Gerald Theillet, BIOMERIEUX, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Systèmes Macromoléculaires et Physiopathologie Humaine (SMPH), BIOMERIEUX-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology [Shangai], Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, This study was funded by BioMerieux SA, France and Agence Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie, France (G. Theillet's grant CIFRE ID 2015/0514)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, viruses, MESH: Chikungunya virus/physiology, medicine.disease_cause, Field-flow fractionation, Antibodies, Viral, Serology, MESH: Antibodies, Viral/immunology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Antibody Specificity, Chikungunya, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Arbovirus, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, virus diseases, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Virus-like particles, 3. Good health, Patient management, MESH: Immunoglobulin M/immunology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Chikungunya virus, Pseudotyped virus, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, Virology, medicine, Humans, MESH: Serologic Tests/methods, Serologic Tests, MESH: Antibody Specificity, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis, medicine.disease, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Specific igm, Immunoglobulin M, biology.protein, Chikungunya Fever
Abstract: International audience; The incidence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection has increased dramatically in recent decades. Effective diagnostic methods must be available to optimize patient management. IgM-capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (MAC-ELISA) is routinely used for the detection of specific CHIKV IgM. This method requires inactivated CHIKV viral lysate (VL). The use of viral bioparticles such as Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) and Pseudotyped-Particles (PPs) could represent an alternative to VL. Bioparticles performances were established by MAC-ELISA; physico-chemical characterizations were performed by field-flow fractionation (HF5) and confirmed by electron microscopy. Non-purified PPs give a detection signal higher than for VL. Results suggested that the signal difference observed in MAC-ELISA was probably due to the intrinsic antigenic properties of particles. The use of CHIKV bioparticles such as VLPs and PPs represents an attractive alternative to VL. Compared to VL and VLPs, non-purified PPs have proven to be more powerful antigens for specific IgM capture.
Published: 2018

34. Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus infections imported to Paris between 2009 and 2016: Characteristics and correlation with outbreaks in the French overseas territories of Guadeloupe and Martinique

Author: Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Alice Pérignon, Ségolène Brichler, Eric Caumes, Victor Vasquez, Elie Haddad, Stéphane Jauréguiberry, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Avicenne], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), BUISINE, Soline, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, Zika virus, Dengue fever, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Epidemiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chikungunya, Guadeloupe, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Zika Virus Infection, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), virus diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Geography, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Martinique, Adult, Microbiology (medical), Paris, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Aged, Outbreak, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Chikungunya Fever, Sentinel Surveillance, Demography
Abstract: Background: Dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are rapidly expanding across countries and are being diagnosed in returned travellers who represent epidemiological sentinels. The French Territories of America (FTA) such as Guadeloupe and Martinique see high levels of tourism and have experienced three consecutive outbreaks by these viruses in the last decade. Objective: This study was performed to evaluate how ill returned travellers could have represented epidemiological sentinels for these three expanding arboviral diseases over eight consecutive years. The degree of correlation between the cases of ill returned travellers arriving at a French tertiary hospital in Paris and the three outbreaks that occurred in the FTA during the study period was estimated. Methods: All consecutive ill returned travellers diagnosed at the hospital in Paris with imported DENV, CHIKV, or ZIKV infections from January 2009 to December 2016 were included. Epidemiological and clinical variables were evaluated. Data concerning the incidence of arboviruses in the FTA, as well as the temporal relationship between the occurrence of imported cases and outbreaks in the FTA, were analyzed. Results: Overall, 320 cases of arboviral infection were reported: 216 DENV, 68 CHIKV, and 36 ZIKV. Most of the patients presented with fever and exanthema. One hundred and fifteen patients were exposed in Guadeloupe or Martinique, which were the at-risk destinations in 25% of patients with DENV, 59% of patients with CHIKV, and 58% of patients with ZIKV. The occurrence of cases diagnosed in returning travellers followed the same time pattern as the outbreaks in these areas. Conclusions: A temporal correlation was found between newly diagnosed imported cases of arboviruses and the three corresponding outbreaks that occurred in Martinique and Guadeloupe during 8 consecutive years. Thus, ill returned travellers act as epidemiological sentinels from the beginning up to the end of outbreaks occurring in touristic locations. Keywords: Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, Traveller, Sentinel, Outbreaks, French territories
Published: 2018

35. Dengue serosurvey after a 2-month long outbreak in Nîmes, France, 2015: was there more than met the eye?

Author: Tiphanie Succo, Amandine Cochet, Birgit Nikolay, Marianne Maquart, Cyril Rousseau, Harold Noel, Simon Cauchemez, Henrik Salje, Olivier Catelinois, Perrine de Crouy-Chanel, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Camille Pelat, Henriette de Valk, Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Santé publique France [Saint-Maurice, France] (French National Public Health Agency), parent-French National Public Health Agency, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide - Site Artois (UCCS Artois), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Salje, Henrik [0000-0003-3626-4254], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, viruses, 030231 tropical medicine, Aedes aegypti, Mosquito Vectors, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, Disease cluster, Dengue fever, Dengue outbreak – Seroprevalence – Transmission risk – Aedes albopictus – Europe/France – West Nile virus, Disease Outbreaks, Dengue, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, medicine, Prevalence, Seroprevalence, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chikungunya, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Spatial Analysis, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Transmission (medicine), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, virus diseases, Dengue Virus, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Geography, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Demography, Research Article
Abstract: Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral disease worldwide, affecting 390 million people in tropical and sub-tropical areas each year [1]. The clinical spectrum of dengue ranges from a mild, non-specific febrile syndrome (classic dengue fever) to severe dengue with plasma leakage, haemorrhage or organ impairment [2]. In 20–97% of cases, dengue is clinically inapparent; this proportion varies considerably, across countries and years [3]. Asymptomatic infections may contribute significantly to virus transmission [4]. Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue virus in tropical areas [5]. Of more direct concern to continental Europe is a secondary vector, Ae. albopictus. Originally a tree-breeding mosquito of the forests of south-east Asia, Ae. albopictus has dramatically expanded its geographic distribution throughout the world in the past 40 years. Taking advantage of increasing global trade, Ae. albopictus spread to temperate regions in the late 1970s [6]. It was first reported in Europe in 1979 and has since been observed in France and 14 other countries along the Mediterranean. Given the recent establishment and rapid spread of Ae. albopictus in southern France, there is high potential for the emergence of arboviruses such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya and Zika viruses [7-10]. Limited local transmission of DENV was reported in southern France in 2010, 2013 and 2014, each cluster involving ≤ 2 cases [11-13]. Recently, from July to September 2015, a dengue outbreak occurred in the neighbourhood of Nimes, Occitanie region [14]. Epidemiological investigations including door-to-door case finding conducted in August 2015 revealed seven autochthonous cases of dengue serotype 1 (DENV-1) that arose from a likely primary case over a 2-month period [14]. In France, a national surveillance and response plan aims to prevent and control local dissemination of dengue and other Ae. albopictus-transmitted viruses. However, little is known about the drivers and determinants of local transmission of dengue in the European setting, and the national response plan may not be fully effective. In November 2015 we carried out a seroprevalence survey in order to determine the true extent of the dengue outbreak in Nimes and the proportion of asymptomatic infections. We also reconstructed the transmission chain to characterise the spatial pattern of dengue transmission and to contribute to improving the performance of the French surveillance and response plan.
Published: 2018

36. Yellow fever in two unvaccinated French tourists to Brazil, January and March, 2018

Author: Alexandre Bleibtreu, Paulo Feijo Barroso, Eric Caumes, Emma Oliosi, Gilda Grard, Bispo Ana Maria De Filippis, Chantal Serero Corcos, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Consulat général de France [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil], Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho [Rio de Janeiro] (HUCFF / UFRJ), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), BUISINE, Soline, and Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière]
Subjects: Adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Vomiting, viral infections, 030231 tropical medicine, vector-borne infections, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Serology, yellow fever, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hepatitis, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, business.industry, Yellow fever, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, Myalgia, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Vaccination, vaccines and immunisation, Immunoglobulin M, Immunoglobulin G, outbreaks, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, yellow fever virus, Female, France, Yellow fever virus, business, Travel-Related Illness, human activities, Rapid Communication, Brazil
Abstract: International audience; We report two yellow fever cases in unvaccinated French travellers in Brazil in January and March 2018, respectively; one exposed during an excursion in Minas Gerais and the other in Ilha Grande. Both presented with fever, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Yellow fever diagnosis was based on RT-PCR and serological tests. Both patients recovered within a few days. The increasing occurrence of cases in unvaccinated travellers highlights the need to reinforce vaccination recommendation for travellers at-risk.
Published: 2018

37. Human Usutu Virus Infection with Atypical Neurologic Presentation, Montpellier, France, 2016

Author: Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Marie-France Martin, Patricia Gil, Yannick Simonin, Olivier Sillam, Serafin Gutierrez, Gilda Grard, Philippe Van de Perre, Orianne Constant, Sara Salinas, Marie Carles, Vincent Foulongne, Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Simonin, Yannick, Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Thales Services, THALES, Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU de Nîmes), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, flavivirus, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Bell's palsy, Blepharoptosis, Flavivirus Infections, Usutu virus, Phylogeny, idiopathic facial paralysis, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, atypical neurologic presentation, biology, Dispatch, 000 - Autres thèmes, Meningoencephalitis, Facial paralysis, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Flavivirus, USUV, Infectious Diseases, Valacyclovir, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, RNA, Viral, France, meningitis/encephalitis, Presentation (obstetrics), Encephalitis, Microbiology (medical), Human Usutu Virus Infection with Atypical Neurologic Presentation, Montpellier, France, 2016, Adult, 030106 microbiology, Facial Paralysis, Antiviral Agents, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Montpellier, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, business.industry, lcsh:R, Bell’s palsy, human infections, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Infection with Usutu virus (USUV) has been recently associated with neurologic disorders, such as encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, in humans. These findings indicate that USUV is a potential health threat. We report an acute human infection with USUV in France putatively associated with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic facial paralysis.
Published: 2018

38. Cocirculation of Two Lineages of Toscana Virus in Croatia

Author: Nazli Ayhan, Bulent Alten, Vladimir Ivovic, Franjo Martinkovic, Ozge E. Kasap, Yusuf Ozbel, Xavier de Lamballerie, Remi N. Charrel, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies [Koper] (FAMNIT), University of Primorska, Department for Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic [Zagreb, Croatia] (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine), University of Zagreb, Ege university, This work was supported by funds received from (i) VectorNet, a European network for sharing data on the geographic distribution of arthropod vectors, transmitting human and animal disease agents (Contract OC/EFSA/AHAW/2013/02-FWC1) funded by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/vectors/VectorNet/Pages/VectorNet.aspx), (ii) the European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg) project in the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 653316 (http://global.european-virus-archive.com/). NA is a PhD student supported by a grant from Fondation Mediterranee Infection., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), Ege Üniversitesi, Biyoloji, BUISINE, Soline, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 030231 tropical medicine, Biology, Arbovirus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Data Report, medicine, phlebovirus, toscana virus, sandfly fever, Sandfly Fever Naples Virus, arbovirus, phlebovirus, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Toscana virus, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Sandfly Fever Naples Virus, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, arbovirus, Phlebovirus, Sandfly fever Naples virus, sandfly fever, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Public Health
Abstract: WOS: 000417780800001, PubMed ID: 29312917, VectorNet - European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) [OC/EFSA/AHAW/2013/02-FWC1]; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC); European UnionEuropean Union (EU) [653316]; Fondation Mediterranee Infection, This work was supported by funds received from (i) VectorNet, a European network for sharing data on the geographic distribution of arthropod vectors, transmitting human and animal disease agents (Contract OC/EFSA/AHAW/2013/02-FWC1) funded by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/vectors/VectorNet/Pages/VectorNet.aspx), (ii) the European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg) project in the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 653316 (http://global.european-virus-archive.com/). NA is a PhD student supported by a grant from Fondation Mediterranee Infection. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Published: 2017

39. Characterization of antibody response in neuroinvasive infection caused by Toscana virus

Author: Giada Rossini, Rémi N. Charrel, Vittorio Sambri, Silvia Morini, P. Cenni, Caterina Vocale, Nazli Ayhan, M. P. Landini, Anna Pierro, Paolo Gaibani, Stefania Varani, Michele Bartoletti, Antonio Mastroianni, F. Prati, Luigi Raumer, S. Schivazappa, Russell E. Lewis, S. Ficarelli, CRREM Laboratory [Bologna, Italy] (Unit of Microbiology), University hospital - Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi [Bologna, Italy], Unit of Microbiology [Pievesestina, Italy] (The Romagna Hub Laboratory), The Romagna Hub Laboratory [Pievesestina, Italy], Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Medical and Surgical Science [Bologna, Italy] (Infectious Disease Unit), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Infectious Disease Unit [Forlì, Italy], G.B. Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital [Forlì, Italy], Infectious Disease Division [Reggio Emilia, Italy], Reggio Emilia Hospital [Italy], Emergency Department [Imola, Italy], Imola Hospital S. Maria della Scaletta [Imola, Italy], Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine [Bologna, Italy] (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), This work was supported by the University of Bologna (RFO2013e2015 to SV, MPL) and by the Emilia-Romagna Region (Lab P3 funds). This work was also supported in part by the European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg) project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 653316 (to RNC), the EDENext FP7- n261504 EU project (to RNC) and this paper is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee (http://www.edenext.eu) as EDENext467. The work of RNC was done under the frame of EurNegVec COST Action TD1303., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), University of Bologna, BUISINE, Soline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe - EDENEXT - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2011-01-01 - 2015-06-30 - 261504 - VALID, Pierro, A., Ficarelli, S., Ayhan, N., Morini, S., Raumer, L., Bartoletti, M., Mastroianni, A., Prati, F., Schivazappa, S., Cenni, P., Vocale, C., Rossini, G., Gaibani, P., Sambri, V., Landini, M.P., Lewis, R.E., Charrel, R.N., and Varani, S.
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Patients' follow-up, IgG avidity test, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Antibodies, Viral, Bunyaviridae Infections, Antibody production, Neutralizing antibodies, Immunoglobulin G, Neutralization, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neutralizing antibodie, medicine, Humans, Avidity, Toscana virus infection, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, biology, Toscana virus, Meningoencephalitis, Sandfly fever Naples virus, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Meningitis, Viral, Virology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Immunoglobulin M, Immunology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, Meningitis
Abstract: Among sandfly-borne pathogens, Toscana virus (TOSV) is a prominent cause of summer meningitis in Mediterranean Europe. Here, we assessed the kinetics of anti-TOSV antibodies over time in 41 patients diagnosed with TOSV-meningitis or meningoencephalitis in North-eastern Italy. Objectives: Among sandfly-borne pathogens, Toscana virus (TOSV) is a prominent cause of summer meningitis in Mediterranean Europe. Here, we assessed the kinetics of anti-TOSV antibodies over time in 41 patients diagnosed with TOSV meningitis or meningoencephalitis in northeastern Italy. Methods: Acute and follow-up serum samples were collected up to 20 months after diagnosis of TOSV infection and tested for the presence of specific antibody using immunoenzymatic and indirect immunofluorescence assays. In addition, maturation of anti-TOSV IgG over time was evaluated as well as production of neutralizing antibodies. Results: Specific IgM and IgG response was present at diagnosis in 100% of patients; TOSV-specific IgM and IgG were detected in patients' sera up to 6 and 20 months after diagnosis, respectively. The avidity index (AI) increased over the first month after infection in 100% of patients and most cases exceeded 60% by Day 30 post infection. The AI subsequently plateaued then declined at 20 months after diagnosis. Finally, neutralization assay to TOSV was performed in 217 sera collected from 41 patients; 69.6% of tested samples resulted in reactive and moderate levels of neutralizing antibodies observed during all phases of infection despite high titres of total anti-TOSV IgG. Conclusions: Specific antibody response develops rapidly and is long-lasting for neuroinvasive TOSV infection. Serodiagnosis of neuroinvasive TOSV requires simultaneous detection of specific IgM and IgG. Moderate levels of neutralizing antibodies were maintained over the study period, while the protective role of antibodies lacking neutralizing activity is unclear and requires further evaluation.
Published: 2017

40. Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated With Zika Virus Infection in Martinique in 2016: A Prospective Study

Author: Benoît, Rozé, Fatiha, Najioullah, Jean-Louis, Fergé, Frédérique, Dorléans, Kossivi, Apetse, Jose-Luis, Barnay, Elise, Daudens-Vaysse, Yannick, Brouste, Raymond, Césaire, Laurence, Fagour, Ruddy, Valentino, Martine, Ledrans, Hossein, Mehdaoui, Sylvie, Abel, Isabelle, Leparc-Goffart, Aissatou, Signate, André, Cabié, Rosalie, Vilain, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU Fort de France-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Unité de soins intensifs [CHU Martinique], Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie [Fort de France, Martinique] (EA 4537), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Unité Régionale Antilles Guyane [Saint-Maurice] (Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique ), Département d'Electrophysiologie [Fort de France, Martinique], Unité de Réhabilitation [Fort de France, Martinique], Hôpital Le Lamentin Bourg [CHU de la Martinique], Service d'Urgence [Fort de France, Martinique], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), This research was sponsored by University Hospital of Martinique (UHM) for regulatory and ethic submission and supported by the Clinical Research Hospital Program from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC 2009, NCT01099852). This research was support by the French network for Research and Action targeting emerging infectious diseases (REACTING)., Guillain-Barré Syndrome Zika Working Group of Martiniquea : Gwenole Jean Abgrall, Véronique Aïm, Alessandro Arrigo, Philippe Cabre, Cyrille Chabartier, Sylvie Colombani, Julien Cuziat, Christophe Deligny, Nicole Desbois, Anne-Laure Dessoy, Gaëlle Dunoyer, Régis Duvauferrier, N’Guyen Duc, Mireille Edimonana, Pierre Garrigou, Stéphane Gaucher, Sarah Gourgoudou, Karine Guitteaud, Patrick Hochedez, Gwladys Ivanes, Yolène Jacquens, Sandrine Julié, Armelle Jean-Etienne, Séverine Jeannin, Joux Julien, Pasquier Jérémie, Jean- Louis Lamaignère, Ingrid Laudarin, Maud Le Gall, Véronique Legris- Allusson, Mehdi Mejdoubi, Corinne Michel, Franck Michel, Charline Miossec, Florence Moinet, Cervantes Minerva, Claude Olive, Pascale Olive, Karine Pailla, Céline Paysant, Sandrine Pierre-François, Mathilde Pircher, Katlyne Polomat, Alain Putot, Patrick René-Corail, Dabor Resiere, Christiane Richer, Jean-Romain Risson, Karen Rome, Marie Sabia, Michel Schloesser, Pauline Simonnet-Vigeral, Rafaelle Théodose, Rosalie Vilain., Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Zika virus, Serology, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Intensive care, Medicine, Humans, Martinique, Prospective Studies, Aged, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Guillain-Barre syndrome, business.industry, Outbreak, Retrospective cohort study, vector-borne infections, Zika Virus, Middle Aged, Zika virus infection, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, Guillain-Barré syndrome, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, outbreaks, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Etiology, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has been reported to be associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in case reports and retrospective studies, mostly on the basis of serological tests, with the problematic cross-reacting antibodies of the Flavivirus genus. Some GBS cases do not exhibit a high level of diagnostic certainty. This prospective study aimed to describe the clinical profiles and the frequency of GBS associated with ZIKV during the ZIKV outbreak in Martinique in 2016.Methods: We recorded prospective data from GBS meeting levels 1 or 2 of diagnostic certainty for the Brighton Collaboration, with proof of recent ZIKV infection and negative screening for etiologies of GBS.Results: Of the sample of 34 patients with suspected GBS during the outbreak, 30 had a proven presence of GBS, and 23 had a recent ZIKV infection. The estimated GBS incidence rate ratio (2016 vs 2006-2015) was 4.52 (95% confidence interval, 2.80-7.64; P = .0001). Recent ZIKV infection was confirmed by urine reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in 17 cases and by serology in 6 cases. Patients, 65% of whom were male, had a median age of 61 years (interquartile range, 56-71 years) and experienced severe GBS. Electrophysiological tests were consistent with the primary demyelinating form of the disease.Conclusions: ZIKV infection is usually benign, when symptomatic, but in countries at risk of ZIKV epidemics, adequate intensive care bed capacity is required for management of severe GBS cases. Arbovirus RNA detection by RT-PCR should be part of the management of GBS cases.
Published: 2017

41. Of phlebotomines (sandflies) and viruses: a comprehensive perspective on a complex situation

Author: Remi N. Charrel, Nazli Ayhan, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Special Infectious Agents Unit [Jeddah, Saudi Arabia], King Abdulaziz University-King Fahd Medical Research Center, and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: Phlebovirus, 0301 basic medicine, Old World, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Central asia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Animals, Humans, Seroprevalence, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Geographic area, biology, Febrile illness, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Insect Vectors, 3. Good health, Sandfly, Clinical microbiology, Phlebotomus Fever, Animals, Domestic, Insect Science, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Psychodidae
Abstract: International audience; Old World sandfly-borne phleboviruses are classified into three serological complexes: Sandfly fever Sicilian, Sandfly fever Naples and Salehabad. Human pathogens (febrile illness ['sandfly fever'], neuroinvasive infections) belong to the two first complexes. The increasing number of newly discovered sandfly-borne phleboviruses raises concerns about their medical and veterinary importance. They occupy a wide geographic area from Mediterranean basin to North Africa and the Middle East to the central Asia. At least nine species of sandflies can transmit these viruses. Recent results suggest that sandfly vectors are not as specific for viruses as initially believed. Recent seroprevalence studies demonstrate that humans and domestic animals are heavily exposed. Specific molecular diagnostic methods must be developed and implemented in clinical microbiology laboratories.
Published: 2017

42. High Rates of Neutralizing Antibodies to Toscana and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Viruses in Livestock, Kosovo

Author: Kurtesh Sherifi, Rémi N. Charrel, Kristaq Berxholi, Arber Taraku, Nazli Ayhan, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), University of Prishtina, Agricultural University of Tirana, This work was supported in part by the European Virus Archive Goes Global project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 653316, the EDENext FP7-no. 261504 European Union project and this paper is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee as EDENext469 (http://www.edenext.eu). The work of N.A. and R.N.C. was conducted under the frame of EurNegVec COST Action TD1303. N.A. is supported by the Fondation Mediterranee Infection., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), BUISINE, Soline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, and Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe - EDENEXT - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2011-01-01 - 2015-06-30 - 261504 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Phlebovirus, Epidemiology, Kosovo, vector-borne infections, lcsh:Medicine, Mediterranean, Antibodies, Viral, 0302 clinical medicine, Phlebotomus Fever, Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Toscana virus, biology, Incidence, Dispatch, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Epidemiological Monitoring, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Bunyaviridae, Microbiology (medical), Livestock, 030231 tropical medicine, Arbovirus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Balkan, medicine, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, sandfly fever Sicilian virus, Sheep, lcsh:R, Sandfly fever Naples virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Virology, Insect Vectors, Sandfly, 030104 developmental biology, arbovirus, High Rates of Neutralizing Antibodies to Toscana and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Viruses in Livestock, Kosovo, Cattle, Psychodidae, sand flies
Abstract: Kurtesh Sherifi and Rémi N. Charrel contributed equally to this article; International audience; Toscana and sandfly fever Sicilian viruses (TOSV and SFSV, respectively), both transmitted by sand flies, are prominent human pathogens in the Old World. Of 1,086 serum samples collected from cattle and sheep during 2013 in various regions of Kosovo (Balkan Peninsula), 4.7% and 53.4% had neutralizing antibodies against TOSV and SFSV, respectively.
Published: 2017

43. A new hot spot for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE): A marked increase of TBE cases in France in 2016

Author: Aurélie Velay, Emmanuelle Cart-Tanneur, Olivier Augereau, P. Kieffer, Caroline Lohmann, Xavier Argemi, Marianne Maquart, Wallys Kack-Kack, Yves Hansmann, Martin Martinot, Samira Fafi-Kremer, Jean Dominique Poveda, Pierre Gantner, Marie-Josée Wendling, Morgane Solis, Sylvie De Martino, Dominique De Briel, Benoît Jaulhac, Sophie Raguet, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Laboratoire de Virologie [Strasbourg], Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence (CNR) des Arbovirus - Laboratoire coordonnateur : Equipe Résidente de Recherche d'Infectiologie Tropicale (ERRIT), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Médecine Interne et de Rhumatologie [Colmar], Hôpitaux Civils Colmar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie [Colmar], Hospices civils Colmar, Médecine interne [CH Emile Muller, Mulhouse], Centre Hospitalier Emile Muller [Mulhouse] (CH E.Muller Mulhouse), Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace (GHTHA)-Groupe Hospitalier de Territoire Haute Alsace (GHTHA), Laboratoire de Microbiologie [GHR Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, Mulhouse], Groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace (GHRMSA), Département de Génétique et de Biologie Spécialisée [Saint-Ouen-L'aumône] (Laboratoire CERBA), Laboratoire CERBA [Saint Ouen l'Aumône], Département Immunologie [Lyon] (Les Laboratoires Eurofins Biomnis), Eurofins Biomnis, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg, Virulence Bactérienne Précoce : fonctions cellulaires et contrôle de l'infection aigüe et subaigüe, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], BUISINE, Soline, Eurofins Biomnis [Lyon, France], and Santé publique France
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Pathology, Health agency, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Tick-borne encephalitis, Tick-borne diseases, Prospective Studies, Child, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Tick-borne disease, Incidence, Zoonotic infection, Middle Aged, Antibodies, Bacterial, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, France, Seasons, Encephalitis, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Biology, Microbiology, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, Lyme Neuroborreliosis, Immunoglobulin M, Insect Science, Immunoglobulin G, Parasitology, Neurological impairment
Abstract: Objectives Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a zoonotic agent causing severe encephalitis. In 2016, in Northeastern France, we faced a TBEV infection increase, leading to a warning from the Regional Health Agency. Here, we report the confirmed TBE cases diagnosed between January 2013 and December 2016, with particular emphasis on the year 2016. Methods A total of 1643 blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from everywhere in France, corresponding to 1460 patients, were prospectively tested for anti-TBEV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA. Additional 39 blood and CSF samples from patients with suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis were retrospectively investigated. Results The TBEV seropositivity rate was estimated to 5.89% and 54 patients were diagnosed as TBE-confirmed cases. A significant increase in TBE cases was observed during the year 2016 with 29 confirmed cases, instead of a mean of eight cases during the three previous years (p = 0.0006). Six imported cases and 48 autochthonous cases, located in the Alsace region (n = 43) and in the Alpine region (n = 5) were reported. Forty-six patients experienced neurological impairment. Nine patients showed an incomplete recovery at last follow-up (from 15 days to eight months post-infection). TBE diagnosis was performed earlier for patients taken in charge in the Alsace region than those hospitalized elsewhere in France (p = 0.0087). Among the 39 patients with suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis retrospectively investigated, one showed a TBEV recent infection. Conclusion The TBE increase that occurred in France in 2016 highlights the need to improve our knowledge about the true burden of TBEV infection and subsequent long-term outcomes.
Published: 2017

44. Development of an improved RT-qPCR Assay for detection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) RNA including a systematic review and comprehensive comparison with published methods

Author: Paul N. Newton, Viengmon Davong, Géraldine Piorkowski, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Onanong Sengvilaipaseuth, Phonepasith Panyanouvong, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Malavanh Vongsouvath, Jeremy A. Garson, Tehmina Bharucha, Xavier de Lamballerie, Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Mahosot Hospital, Departments of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology [London, UK], Royal Free Hospital [London, UK], Division of Infection and Immunity [London, UK], University College of London [London] (UCL), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Transfusion Microbiology Laboratories [London, UK], NHS Blood and Transplant [London, UK], Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford [Oxford]-University of Oxford [Oxford], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain, IRD to PNN and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme EVAg under grant agreement N˚ 653316 to XdL., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, BUISINE, Soline, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: RNA viruses, Central Nervous System, 0301 basic medicine, Serial dilution, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nervous System, Biochemistry, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, lcsh:Science, Pathology and laboratory medicine, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Encephalitis Virus, Japanese, Multidisciplinary, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Physics, Medical microbiology, Research Assessment, 3. Good health, Nucleic acids, GenBank, Physical Sciences, Viruses, Nucleic acid thermodynamics, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA annealing, Pathogens, Anatomy, West Nile virus, Sequence Analysis, Encephalitis, Research Article, Optimization, Asia, Systematic Reviews, Bioinformatics, In silico, Annealing (genetics), 030231 tropical medicine, Biophysics, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology Techniques, Encephalitis, Japanese, Molecular Biology, Medicine and health sciences, Flaviviruses, lcsh:R, Organisms, Viral pathogens, Biology and Life Sciences, RNA, Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction, Japanese encephalitis, medicine.disease, Virology, Microbial pathogens, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, Sequence Alignment, Mathematics
Abstract: Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a major cause of encephalitis in Asia, and the commonest cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis worldwide. Detection of JEV RNA remains challenging due to the characteristic brief and low viraemia, with 0–25% of patients positive, and the mainstay of diagnosis remains detection of anti-JEV IgM antibody. Methods We performed a systematic review of published RT-PCR protocols, and evaluated them in silico and in vitro alongside new primers and probes designed using a multiple genome alignment of all JEV strains >9,000nt from GenBank, downloaded from the NCBI website (November 2016). The new assays included pan-genotype and genotype specific assays targeting genotypes 1 and 3. Results Ten RT-qPCR assays were compared, a pre-existing in-house assay, three published assays and six newly designed assays, using serial RNA dilutions. We selected three assays, one published and two novel assays, with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) for further optimisation and validation. One of the novel assays, detecting NS2A, showed the best results, with LOD approximately 4 copies/ reaction, and no cross-reaction on testing closely related viruses in the JEV serocomplex, West Nile Virus and St. Louis Virus. The optimised assays were validated in consecutive patients with central nervous system infections admitted to hospitals in Laos, testing paired CSF and serum samples. Conclusions We succeeded in developing a JEV specific RT-qPCR assay with at least 1 log10 improved sensitivity as compared to existing assays. Further evaluation is required, field-testing the assay in a larger group of patients.
Published: 2018

45. Isolation and sequencing of Dashli virus, a novel Sicilian-like virus in sandflies from Iran; genetic and phylogenetic evidence for the creation of one novel species within the Phlebovirus genus in the Phenuiviridae family

Author: Xavier de Lamballerie, E. Javadian, Cigdem Alkan, Nourina Rahbarian, Bulent Alten, Laurence Bichaud, Nazli Ayhan, Mehdi Badakhshan, Vahideh Moin Vaziri, Rémi N. Charrel, BUISINE, Soline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, Biology and control of vector-borne infections in Europe - EDENEXT - - EC:FP7:HEALTH2011-01-01 - 2015-06-30 - 261504 - VALID, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Department of Parasitology and Mycology [Tehran, Iran] (School of Medicine), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran, Iran], Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control [Tehran, Iran] (School of Public Health), Tehran University of Medical Sciences-Institute of Public Health Research [Tehran, Iran], Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center [Tehran, Iran] (SBU), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), This work was supported through funds received from EU grant FP7-261504 EDENext and this paper is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee (http://www.edenext.eu), the European Virus Archive goes Global (EVAg) project in the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 653316 (http://global.european- virus-archive.com/). The present article partly was supported by Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (Grant No: 1573) The work of RNC was done under the frame of EurNegVec (TD1303) COST Action., European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: 261504,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2010-single-stage,EDENEXT(2011), and Shahid Beheshti University-Shahid Beheshti University
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Phlebovirus, RNA viruses, Fevers, Iran, Disease Vectors, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Database and Informatics Methods, Phlebotomus Fever, Bunyaviruses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus, Phylogeny, Data Management, Genetics, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, biology, Phylogenetic tree, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Phylogenetic Analysis, Gene Pool, 3. Good health, Phylogenetics, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Viruses, RNA, Viral, Female, Gene pool, Pathogens, Sequence Analysis, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Bioinformatics, Genome, Viral, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Amino Acid Sequence Analysis, Diagnostic Medicine, Animals, Humans, Evolutionary Systematics, Microbial Pathogens, Taxonomy, Evolutionary Biology, Base Sequence, Population Biology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, biology.organism_classification, Rift Valley fever virus, Sandfly, Insect Vectors, Sand Flies, Species Interactions, 030104 developmental biology, Microbial genetics, Psychodidae, Population Genetics
Abstract: Phlebotomine sandflies are vectors of phleboviruses that cause sandfly fever or meningitis with significant implications for public health. Although several strains of these viruses had been isolated in Iran in the late 1970's, there was no recent data about the present situation at the outset of this study. Entomological investigations performed in 2009 and 2011 in Iran collected 4,770 sandflies from 10 different regions. Based on morphological identification, they were sorted into 315 pools according to species, sex, trapping station and date of capture. A phlebovirus, provisionally named Dashli virus (DASHV), was isolated from one pool of Sergentomyia spp, and subsequently DASHV RNA was detected in a second pool of Phlebotomus papatasi. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses based on complete coding genomic sequences indicated that (i) DASHV is most closely related to the Iranian isolates of Sandfly fever Sicilian virus [SFSV], (ii) there is a common ancestor to DASHV, Sandfly fever Sicilian- (SFS) and SFS-like viruses isolated in Italy, India, Turkey, and Cyprus (lineage I), (iii) DASHV is more distantly related with Corfou and Toros viruses (lineage II) although common ancestry is supported with 100% bootstrap, (iii) lineage I can be subdivided into sublineage Ia including all SFSV, SFCV and SFTV except those isolated in Iran which forms sublineage Ib (DASHV). Accordingly, we suggest to approve Sandfly fever Sicilian virus species consisting of the all aforementioned viruses. Owing that most of these viruses have been identified in human patients with febrile illness, DASHV should be considered as a potential human pathogen in Iran., Author summary Phlebotomine sandflies are vectors of phleboviruses that cause sandfly fever or meningitis with significant implications for public health. Although several strains of these viruses had been isolated in Iran in the late 1970's, there was no recent data about the present situation at the outset of this study. Entomological investigations performed in 2009 and 2011 in Iran collected 4,770 sandflies from 10 different regions. A phlebovirus, provisionally named Dashli virus (DASHV), was isolated / detected in two pools. DASHV strain was isolated in cell culture and complete genome sequence was determined. Sequence analysis indicated that (i) DASHV is most closely related to the Iranian isolates of Sandfly fever Sicilian virus [SFSV], a virus that is known to cause self-resolutive incapacitating febrile illness in humans, (ii) there is a common ancestor to DASHV and all other variants of SFSV isolated in Italy, India, Turkey, and Cyprus (lineage I), (iii) DASHV is more distantly related with Corfou and Toros viruses (lineage II) although common ancestry is supported with 100% bootstrap, (iii) lineage I can be subdivided into sublineage Ia including all SFSV strains, whereas Iranian viruses are most closely related and should be individualized as DASHV (sublineage Ib). Although discovered first in the 1940's, SFSV is still listed as "tentative species" by the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses. Based on the results described in this study, we propose to approve Sandfly fever Sicilian virus species. Owing that most of these viruses have been identified in human patients with febrile illness, DASHV should be considered as a potential human pathogen in Iran.
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