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This afterword frames the articles in this special issue on crisis brokers by returning to and discussing the rise of interest in both brokers (and intermediaries) and crisis during the past decade in cultural studies and cognate disciplines. More specifically, it argues that the broker is best approached as a methodological starting point for considering how crisis is negotiated, mediated, and shaped in practice across space and time between different actors. Crisis broker as method thus highlights methodological positioning as an entry-point for revealing key dynamics and new modes of conceptualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intragroup and intergroup network creativity were assessed in an experiment varying the degree of access to ideas generated by other groups. In an open-access condition, all members of two concurrent groups had access to the other group's ideas. In the brokered condition, one member of each group had access to the other group's ideas. In the control condition, two groups performed independently. Following three phases of idea generation and elaboration, groups developed their final plan for surviving a zombie apocalypse. The brokered condition led to the highest level of intergroup activity, and the final product novelty across all conditions was influenced by the novelty of the ideas and elaborations in the prior session. The effect of experimental condition on the integrative complexity of the final product was mediated by the degree of lexical similarity between the two groups' documents. Final product novelty was negatively predicted by lexical similarity. Theoretical advances, implications, and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetables are an important component of healthy diet has the most major significance both by the most crucial agricultural product and %23.03 percentage in food and nonalcoholic beverages main expense group of our country's inflation basket. In this study, cost formation of fresh vegetable product life cycle chain has been analyzed step by step by field research from producers to last consumer and evaluated with other countries' implementations and their literature review. It has been studied for a beneficial system for end users producers including vegetable producers, governmental institutions, and enterprises and including other related shareholders by evaluating vegetable life cycle to understand crucial, efficient factors and intend for improve income of producers. There are suggestions intended for empowering position of producer organizations and associations over other regular members to strengthen the role of farmer in food chain. Periodic excess in raw vegetable prices, performing food inflation problem and sustainable solution suggestions have been unfolded. It is obvious that if raw vegetable product supply chain removed from this complication, there could be much decrease in product life cycle cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity of the stock exchange has increased significantly in the country. The expansion of the segment of private investors is especially noticeable. This directly depends on the economic stability in the country, the level of inflation, and the growth of real incomes of the population. Therefore, the focus should be on stability in the country, improving the well-being of the population, economic growth, the monetary system, and the activity of business entities. The pandemic also influenced the growing interest of individuals in buying securities. Private investors began to consider alternative sources of bank deposits, ways to generate additional income. In addition, the digitalization of brokerage services provided everyone with access to investing. Since 2020, second-tier banks have received permission to conduct brokerage activities, which has increased their activity. Now individual banks of the country (Halyk Bank, Bank Center Credit) can sell securities through mobile applications. Now work is underway to increase activity in the securities market not only of large companies, but also of small and medium-sized businesses. Therefore, it is very important that the state at the initial stage carries out systematic work to intervene, support and regulate the securities market. The article discusses the need to develop the stock market and issues of government regulation in the country. The importance, main goal, tools and methods of implementing state regulation of the securities market are indicated, and current problems are identified and ways to solve them are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications of IoT have increased manyfold owing to the declining prices of electronic devices and the growing internet. This study discusses at length the various characteristics, applications, merits, demerits, and problems associated with IoT. The current research work showcases the design and development of application coined as MIAWM: MQTT based IoT Application for Weather Monitoring. The application describes how the MQTT protocol can easily be used to perform efficient routing in IoT. The Application describes how to create a simulation for the MQTT Publisher Subscriber model which provides desired weather data to a remote subscriber anywhere in the world. The dataset used contains information about the temperature, precipitation, and wind speed in Berlin and Germany. This paper puts the various quality of service to experiment by comparing the time taken to service the request. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bridging gaps between educational stakeholders at the classroom, school, and system levels is essential to achieve sustainable change in primary and secondary education. However, transferring knowledge or building capacity within this network of loosely coupled stakeholders is demanding. The brokerage concept holds promise for studying these complex patterns of interaction, as it refers to how specific actors (brokers) link loosely coupled or disconnected individuals (brokering). However, different research traditions, in terms of theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches, and various stakeholders examined in their role as bridge builders make understanding the role of brokers, brokering, and brokerage in changing educational practice challenging. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the current literature on these concepts in educational change research. In a systematic literature review based on 42 studies, we analyzed each study's theoretical assumptions, methodological approach, scope in terms of stakeholders involved, and empirical findings. First, the literature review revealed that research on educational change refers to four different theoretical frameworks when focusing on brokers, brokering, or brokerage. Second, our results indicate that predominantly qualitative approaches have been applied. Third, using content network graphs, we identified teachers and principals as among the most frequently analyzed brokers. Fourth, four relevant aspects of the empirical findings are presented: brokers' personal characteristics, conditions that enable brokering, successful brokering strategies, and outcomes of brokerage. Finally, we outline a future research agenda based on the empirical evidence base and shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creative social enterprises are increasingly emerging in rural regions, motivated by a desire to take social responsibility through creative approaches. These enterprises integrate entrepreneurial activities with creative social attributes and are sometimes set in rural collaborative workspaces (CWSs) facilitating entrepreneurial activities. Under the frame of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs), we argue that CWSs can be seen as brokers, who (1) link resources as liaisons, (2) hold and pass resources as gatekeepers, (3) enhance resource flows as coordinators, and (4) reproduce experiences as representatives. Against this backdrop, this paper presents a case study of two creative social enterprises in a CWS with a cooperative structure in rural Upper Austria by analyzing entrepreneurial biographies about the demand and use of entrepreneurial resources. Through a comparison between before and after the emergence of the CWS, the findings suggest that the EE for creative and social entrepreneurship undergoes two different types of transformation, a radical and a gradual one. The brokerage process of the CWS enhances local resource networks' transformation of EE and brings the transformation in terms of translocal resources and integral EE of enterprises in the CWS. Additionally, the CWS generates social impacts on the local community through social enterprises. This paper contributes to ecosystem literature by introducing an actor-centric perspective and giving new insights into social entrepreneurship and the transformative power of CWSs as brokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anbar University for Law & Political Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Consignment agreements conducted through social media does not always proceed smoothly in practice, as the seller can default on the buyer. The purpose of this very research is to examine the application of legal certainity of consignment agreement through social media associated with contract law and to examine dispute resolution of default in consignment agreement that resulted in buyer's loss associated with legal certainity. This research utilizes normative juridical methods to scrutinize positive legal rules, with analytical descriptive research specifications regarding the applicable laws and regulations. This research was also conducted through literature studies regarding relevant laws and regulations such as the Civil Code, books, and other related literature, as well as conducting field studies by interviewing brokers and consignment agreements in the available formats as the objects of research. The analysis of the literature studies is conducted qualitatively to provide existing facts based on the research results in the form of descriptions or relevant explanations in regards to problem solving in this research. The results of this research indicate that the legal certainty in the implementation of consignment agreements through social media is yet to be fulfilled properly. The dispute resolution in this particular case defaulted the broker, in which the broker possesses the legal right to indict the seller for defaulting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation of agriculture towards increased sustainability is needed to meet the challenge of declining biodiversity. Nevertheless, stakeholders' differing perceptions of what sustainability should be, and the multiplicity of possible ways to achieve it can lead to conflictual situations, highlighting the importance of conflict transformation as part of the broader sustainability transformation. If conflict transformation needs to be addressed to prevent the status quo persisting, such processes also reveal the state of social relations and allow us to analyze how collective actions could lead to broader transformations. Using three case studies involving conflicts around pesticide use in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté (France), we investigate the hypothesis that transformation processes require the engagement of change agents who are motivated and able to overcome barriers to change. Results from 55 in-depth interviews with stakeholders highlight that transformational change depends less on the capacities of a single individual, and more on the mobilization of a plurality of heterogeneous actors (especially farmers, local authorities, and the general public). These actors need to carry out a range of activities that occur with and for others and have an influence on others. According to interviewees, the actors need to engage others, encourage new initiatives, create spaces for knowledge exchanges, and go beyond boundaries. The effectiveness of change agents also depends on the existence of participatory and proactive processes to bring individuals together to create or capitalize on windows of opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the film "Broker" directed by Hirokazu Kore-eda and its significance in the Korean context. It explores the question of whether there is a Korean filmmaker equivalent to Kore-eda who focuses on family themes. While there are notable Korean filmmakers who explore masculinity and feminism, Kore-eda stands out for his dedication to telling everyday stories about family. The article also analyzes the mother character in "Broker" and its role in the unconventional family depicted in the film. It highlights the transnational nature of contemporary arthouse cinema and the significance of the film within the context of Korean film history. [Extracted from the article]

The provision of the prohibition of granting full power of attorney from customers to brokers still cannot be fully implemented by stock futures brokerage companies in Indonesia. This then becomes a problem for brokerage companies in the future, especially for customers who give full authority over their accounts, because if customers experience losses, they cannot sue the company for giving full authority to them knowingly. If the customer agrees to conduct futures trading transactions through the facilities provided by the brokerage company, the customer must follow the procedures regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency (BAPPEBTI), where the customer must fill out the agreement book whose contents also been regulated in BAPPEBTI regulation number 8 of 2019 concerning technical provisions on futures brokerage behavior.

Simsarlık sözleşmesi ile simsar, bir sözleşme kurulmasına yönelik olarak aracılık faaliyetinde bulunmayı üstlenir. Müvekkil, simsar tarafından gerçekleştirilen aracılık faaliyetleri sayesinde bir sözleşme kurarsa, simsar ücrete hak kazanır. Bu bakımdan simsarın ücrete hak kazanabilmesi için aracılık faaliyetinde bulunmuş olması yeterli değildir. Simsara ödenen ücret, simsarın harcadığı zamanın veya gösterdiği emeğin değil, başarılı sonucun karşılığıdır. Kurulan sözleşme, müvekkilin aradığı şartlara uygun olmalıdır. Ücret simsarlık sözleşmesinin zorunlu unsurudur. Simsarlık sözleşmesi, vekâlet sözleşmesinin her zaman ücretli yapılan bir alt türüdür. Bir sözleşmenin kurulması amacıyla gerçekleştirilen aracılık faaliyetlerinin, ücret karşılığında yapılması kararlaştırılmamışsa simsarlık sözleşmesinin değil, vekâlet sözleşmesinin varlığından bahsedilir. Simsarlık sözleşmesinde ücret miktarının kararlaştırılmış olması ise zorunlu değildir.

Creative social enterprises are increasingly emerging in rural regions, motivated by a desire to take social responsibility through creative approaches. These enterprises integrate entrepreneurial activities with creative social attributes and are sometimes set in rural collaborative workspaces (CWSs) facilitating entrepreneurial activities. Under the frame of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs), we argue that CWSs can be seen as brokers, who (1) link resources as liaisons, (2) hold and pass resources as gatekeepers, (3) enhance resource flows as coordinators, and (4) reproduce experiences as representatives. Against this backdrop, this paper presents a case study of two creative social enterprises in a CWS with a cooperative structure in rural Upper Austria by analyzing entrepreneurial biographies about the demand and use of entrepreneurial resources. Through a comparison between before and after the emergence of the CWS, the findings suggest that the EE for creative and social entrepreneurship undergoes two different types of transformation, a radical and a gradual one. The brokerage process of the CWS enhances local resource networks’ transformation of EE and brings the transformation in terms of translocal resources and integral EE of enterprises in the CWS. Additionally, the CWS generates social impacts on the local community through social enterprises. This paper contributes to ecosystem literature by introducing an actor-centric perspective and giving new insights into social entrepreneurship and the transformative power of CWSs as brokers.

ABSTRACTIdentifying the steps of the practice evaluation process, you must understand the basic information regarding definitions and terms commonly used with practice sales. The questions most asked by doctors who are considering purchasing a practice.

How does a state's broker position in diplomatic networks influence its tendency to engage in conflict? While the existing scholarship typically characterizes brokers as ideal mediators or facilitators of peace, there is little systematic analysis that examines the impact of broker position on a state's conflict propensity. I argue that the exclusive emphasis on the mediating role of brokers has elided the fact that broker position serves as strategic assets for states. Building on the existing literature on diplomacy and brokerage, I posit that broker position in diplomatic networks provides a state with leverage that can be used to coerce and co-opt other states into supporting its military operations, thereby increasing its propensity to initiate militarized interstate disputes. I assemble diplomatic networks from the past two centuries to examine the impact of broker position and find that the more a state occupies a broker position, the more likely it is to initiate militarized disputes. These findings challenge the prevalent notions that diplomatic ties are insignificant in shaping state conflict behavior and that broker position is solely used to promote peace. ¿Cómo influye el posicionamiento como intermediario dentro de las redes diplomáticas por parte de un determinado Estado en su tendencia a participar en conflictos? Si bien el mundo académico actual caracteriza, generalmente, a los intermediarios como mediadores ideales o como facilitadores de la paz, existe un número reducido de análisis sistemáticos que examinen el impacto que tiene el hecho de estar posicionado como intermediario sobre la propensión al conflicto de ese Estado. Argumentamos que el énfasis exclusivo en el papel como mediador de los intermediarios ha omitido el hecho de que la posición como intermediario sirve como activo estratégico para los Estados. Postulamos, partiendo de la base que proporciona la bibliografía existente sobre diplomacia e intermediación, que el estar posicionado como intermediario dentro de las redes diplomáticas proporciona a un determinado Estado un grado de influencia que puede usarse para coaccionar y cooptar a otros Estados para que apoyen sus operaciones militares, lo cual aumentaría, de esta forma, su propensión a iniciar disputas interestatales militarizadas. Hemos reunido diversas redes diplomáticas formadas durante los últimos dos siglos con el fin de estudiar el impacto que tiene el posicionamiento como intermediario y llegamos a la conclusión de que cuanto más ocupa un Estado una posición de intermediario, más probable resulta que pueda iniciar disputas militarizadas. Estas conclusiones desafían las nociones prevalentes de que las relaciones diplomáticas resultan insignificantes para la confirmación del comportamiento en materia de conflicto estatal y de que la posición de intermediario se utiliza únicamente con el fin de promover la paz. Quels sont les effets du rôle de négociateur d'un État au sein de réseaux diplomatiques sur sa propension à prendre part à un conflit ? Bien que la littérature existante définisse généralement les négociateurs comme des médiateurs idéaux ou des facilitateurs de paix, il existe peu d'analyses systématiques qui s'intéressent aux conséquences du rôle de négociateur sur la propension au conflit d'un État. J'affirme qu'en mettant exclusivement l'accent sur le rôle de médiation des négociateurs, nous avons éludé le fait que la position de négociateur constitue un avantage stratégique pour un État. En me fondant sur la littérature existante sur la diplomatie et la négociation, j'émets l'hypothèse qu'une position de négociateur au sein de réseaux diplomatiques fournit à un État un avantage qu'il peut utiliser pour contraindre et coopter d'autres États à soutenir ses opérations militaires. Aussi, sa propension à initier des conflits interétatiques militarisés augmente. Je rassemble des données sur les réseaux diplomatiques des deux derniers siècles pour analyser les effets du rôle de négociateur. J'observe que plus un État occupe un rôle de négociateur, plus il aura de chance d'initier des conflits militarisés. Ces conclusions remettent en question les notions prédominantes selon lesquelles les liens diplomatiques n'ont pas d'incidence sur le comportement d'un État en matière de conflits et que le rôle de négociateur n'est utilisé que pour promouvoir la paix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: The restrictions to hospital visiting for carers and relatives during the pandemic were unprecedented. To ensure patients could stay in touch with their relatives and carers new liaison roles were introduced. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to report on the evaluation of a Family Liaison Officer (FLO) role to understand the rationale for introducing the role along with the challenges and benefits of its implementation. Methods: A concurrent mixed methods design was used, triangulating both semi structured interviews and online surveys. Data were collected during 2021 from postholders, patients/relatives and key stakeholders. Results: The family liaison officer role occupies a key brokering role between clinical teams and patients/relatives. All participants agreed the importance of the role particularly in relation to communication. Postholders noted issues around clarity of scope of practice. Patients reported the social benefits of the FLOs particularly in relation to technology. There was also key learning in terms of induction, training and line management of this nonprofessional role. Conclusion: There is limited research that evaluates emerging nonprofessional roles that connect clinical teams and patients/relatives. This evaluation study although limited to one organisation provides important insights to the strategic and operational learning to introducing a family liaison officer role during the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purely technical interventions aimed at enhancing evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) have rarely translated into organizational institutionalization or systems change. A panel of four presentations at the Health Systems Global 2020 conference provides a basis for inference about contextual factors that influence the establishment and sustainability of institutional platforms to support EIDM. These cases include local structures such as citizen panels in Uganda, regional knowledge translation structures such as the West African Health Organization, global multilateral initiatives such as the “One Health” Quadrapartite and regional public health networks in South-East Asia. They point to the importance of political economy as well as technical capability determinants of evidence uptake and utilization at institutional, organizational and individual levels. The cases also lend support to evidence that third-party (broker and intermediary) supportive institutions can facilitate EIDM processes. The involvement of third-party supranational organizations, however, poses challenges in terms of legitimacy and accountability.

Innovation ecosystems have increasingly been studied from various perspectives, including connecting innovation ecosystems to sustainable development. Extant studies have found that innovation is important for sustainable development, collaboration is important for innovation, and intermediaries create necessary links and opportunities for the development of relations and cooperation between different actors in an ecosystem. What has been missing, however, is an explicit analysis of the process of collaboration in innovation ecosystems to ensure sustainability and the role of intermediaries in the process. To fill this void, this paper studies six organizations that act as intermediaries, using a multiple-case design approach. It analyzes the process of collaboration in innovation ecosystems and elucidates the role of intermediaries in the development of sustainable ecosystems. The findings indicate that the process of collaboration between actors in innovation ecosystems is an iterative process facilitated by intermediaries. By connecting different actors, intermediaries support the diffusion of innovation that has important implications for building sustainable innovation ecosystems and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commitment problems make civil wars difficult to end. Research on overcoming commitment problems focuses on warring parties, however civilians' perceptions are central to successful transitions from war to peace. While civilians residing in areas previously controlled by armed groups may be highly distrustful that governments will implement peace agreements, I argue that some armed groups are both motivated and capable of improving trust in the state. Using survey data from civilians in the Bangsamoro, Philippines, I show that civilians that experienced rebel security provision or rebel justice provision from the MILF are more likely to trust that the Government of the Philippines will fully implement the peace agreement than civilians that did not experience rebel governance provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of College of Law Journal for Legal & Political Sciences / Magallat Kulliyyat Al-Qanun Li-L-ulum Al-Qanuniyyat Wa-Al-Siyasiyyat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the dynamics of brokerage surrounding two moments of rupture (the tsunami and the end of the war) in Hambantota, a district in southern Sri Lanka and a key site of frontier development. We contrast the two development assemblages that emerged from these moments, examining how structural transformations shape the dynamics of brokerage, and how brokers mediate the effects of these transformations. By tracing the shifting fortunes of a local government broker, we reveal the changing power dynamics within these two assemblages, whilst highlighting how moments of rupture both open and shut down brokerage spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shipbrokers hold a very important role in shipping, as their involvement in bridging supply and demand in the industry is critical. Shipping, a modern yet highly traditional industry, has been woven through the eons of human need for transportation into a highly asymmetric construct with reference to the exchange of information. This pitfall is covered by the reassuring role of the shipbroker and over time can be facilitated only with digitalization. On the other hand, maritime clusters have been considered in previous years as the powerhouses of growth for modern economies, as they can foster national competitive advantages. These constructs have been thought to hold a definitive implication in the aim of the shipping industry towards sustainability. Within this context, the role of shipbrokers has not been documented extensively and this specific research gap is tended to by the present work. This is accomplished through a questionnaire administered to shipping professionals to extract the effect of shipbrokers in clusters, and presented with the utilization of instruments that can play a major part towards a digitalization paradigm. The analysis of the survey results can help attain a definitive image as per the implications of brokers in sustainable maritime clusters.

El propósito de esta investigación es analizar las razones por las que las coordinadoras, un grupo de mujeres que cumplen la función de brokers o intermediarias en una red clientelar en el municipio de Tecámac, Estado de México, han mantenido su membresía durante casi tres lustros en esta estructura, pese a que no tienen un contrato laboral en el Ayuntamiento y no reciben una remuneración o pago permanente por su labor como promotoras del voto en favor del jefe político de esta localidad, quien inicialmente, en 1997, se postuló como alcalde por el Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), pero después se pasó a las filas del Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) y, hasta 2018, su grupo asumió el poder municipal. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, algunas coordinadoras mencionaron que permanecen en la red clientelar por los escasos y esporádicos incentivos que les entregan. Otro grupo, más numeroso, aseguró que les complace estar en esta estructura porque es un espacio para socializar con sus vecinos y porque tienen el reconocimiento de sus clientes. En suma, la utilidad económica no es el principal motivo de su lealtad. / The aim of this article is to explore why a group of women who act as brokers or intermediaries in a client network in the municipality of Tecamac, State of Mexico, have remained in their position for nearly fifteen years. Despite the fact that they do not have a contract from the Town Hall and are not on its payroll, they still promote voting in favor of the local political kingpin, who in 1997 ran for mayor as the candidate of the National Action Party (Partido Acción Nacional, in Spanish), then joined the ranks of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional), and whose group held power until 2018. During semi-scripted interviews, some of these women said they remain in the network because of a lack of other incentives. A larger group said they are proud to belong to the network, since it affords them opportunities to socialize with neighbors and because it earns them their clients’ recognition. In short, it would appear that economic benefits are not the main reason for the loyalty.

Research into police misconduct traditionally considers the correlates and antecedents of misconduct among individual officers, as a means of disruption or prevention. However, more recently, deviance among police has been considered through network perspectives. This study considered 7755 allegations of misconduct accrued by 1495 officers from the Baltimore Police Department between January 2015 to January 2020. A social network analysis was employed to consider the characteristics and differences of misconduct networks between assignments and to identify key officers within these networks. Findings suggested that the misconduct networks of patrol assignments functioned marginally different to investigations or specialist duties. Discrete communities of misconduct were identified within each assignment, including a small number of officers that were particularly important to supporting these networks. This study holds practical implications for the identification and disruption of misconduct networks among law enforcement agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purely technical interventions aimed at enhancing evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) have rarely translated into organizational institutionalization or systems change. A panel of four presentations at the Health Systems Global 2020 conference provides a basis for inference about contextual factors that influence the establishment and sustainability of institutional platforms to support EIDM. These cases include local structures such as citizen panels in Uganda, regional knowledge translation structures such as the West African Health Organization, global multilateral initiatives such as the "One Health" Quadrapartite and regional public health networks in South-East Asia. They point to the importance of political economy as well as technical capability determinants of evidence uptake and utilization at institutional, organizational and individual levels. The cases also lend support to evidence that third-party (broker and intermediary) supportive institutions can facilitate EIDM processes. The involvement of third-party supranational organizations, however, poses challenges in terms of legitimacy and accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation supplied early modern students with a first output for their academic career, while introducing them to the workings of the printing trade. This article shows that through translation students could also become information brokers in the Republic of Letters. I focus on Friedrich Wilhelm Roloff (1714–1741) in Berlin, who translated a single chapter from the Histoire critique de Manichée et de manichéisme (1734) by the Huguenot theologian Isaac de Beausobre (1659–1738). Highlighting the paratexts of Roloff's publication, I argue that print enabled students to play the role of mediators in theological disputes. Translating Beausobre's chapter into the material format of a printed dissertation, Roloff dedicated his book to Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten (1706–1757), commemorating Baumgarten's appointment as professor at Halle. As the translation and its collaborative production formed part of a larger network of Wolffianism, my article reveals that Roloff was made into a broker by accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeszyty Studenckie Wydzialu Ekonomicznego Uniwersytetu Gdanskiego "Nasze Studia" is the property of Fundacja Rozwoju Uniwersytetu Gdanskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Identifying the steps of the practice evaluation process, you must understand the basic information regarding definitions and terms commonly used with practice sales. The questions most asked by doctors who are considering purchasing a practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While most Internet of Things (IoT) solutions involve sensing, some of them also introduce actuation mechanisms. Specifically, devices interact with assets in the environment and transmit sensor readouts to applications that perform analytics. These applications typically reside on the network core and, in turn, process the readouts that trigger the transmission of actuation commands to the device. One important issue in these schemes is the nature of the communication channels. Most devices are wireless and therefore they are affected by the effects of signal multipath fading that results in application loss. More importantly, these impairments may cause actuation commands to be lost or to be critically delayed. In this context, several standard mechanisms have been proposed for the transmission of traffic from the application to the devices. They fall under two main architectural categories: (1) Representational State Transfer (REST) and (2) Event Driven Architecture (EDA). In this paper, we analyze two protocols associated with each of these two architectures by comparing them in order to assess their efficiency in IoT actuation solutions. This analysis leads to the development of a mathematical model that drives an algorithm that enables the dynamic selection of the right technology based on network impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]