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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:40:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-21 The common bean is a sensitive plant to the effects of water deficit and physio-biochemical alterations, which influence the yield are observed. Vegetal biostimulants are inputs that present potential to mitigate the effects of water deficit on crop development. This paper aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical impact of water deficit on the common bean and the potential of applying biostimulants as a mechanism to tolerate stress. The assay was conducted in an agricultural greenhouse in Botucatu-Brazil, the pots were disposed in a split-plot design in randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments in the plots corresponded to the water content tension, control (-10 kPa) and water deficit (-40 kPa), in the subplots the biostimulant treatments (B1-control; B2-Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV; B3-Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV 03 + algae extract Ascophyllum nodosum). The analyzed variables were leaf pigments, gas exchanges, total soluble proteins, L-proline, specific activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, shoot dry matter and crop yield. The water deficit negatively affected all parameters evaluated and the biostimulants in the tested form, did not show efficiency in helping the plants tolerate stress due to drought. We suggest new studies to prove the efficiency of biostimulants for field applications. Department of Rural Engineering School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (FCA/UNESP), Av. Universitária 3780, Altos do Paraíso, SP Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Bioscience Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Júnior, SP Department of Rural Engineering School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (FCA/UNESP), Av. Universitária 3780, Altos do Paraíso, SP Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Bioscience Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Júnior, SP

Recursos hídricos limitados, crescimento populacional, aumento na demanda por alimentos, e escassez de água em boa qualidade para consumo fazem da água um recurso natural em crise, principalmente, para o uso agrícola. Neste contexto, o reuso direto de Águas Residuárias Urbanas (ARU) pode ser uma forma efetiva na prevenção de problemas de disponibilidade hídrica na agricultura irrigada. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão sobre os benefícios e limitações do reuso de águas residuárias urbanas pela agricultura. A literatura revisada revela que o reuso direto de ARU na irrigação de culturas pode contribuir para diminuição das cargas poluidoras nos corpos d'água, redução de retiradas de água dos mananciais superficiais e subterrâneos e reutilização direta de nutrientes. Entretanto, há riscos ambientais associados à irrigação com ARU devido à presença de patógenos, contaminantes emergentes (CE) e efeitos adversos ao solo. Limited water resources, population growth, increase in food demand, and scarcity of good-quality water have made water a resource in crisis, especially for agricultural proposes. In this context, direct reuse of Urban Wastewater (UW) could be an effective way to prevent water availability problems in irrigated agriculture. This work presents a review about the benefits and limitations of the urban wastewater reuse by agriculture. The literature reviewed reveals that the direct reuse of Urban Wastewater in crops irrigation can contribute to decrease pollution loads into water bodies, reduce water uptakes from surface water and groundwater, and recycle nutrients. However, there are environmental risks associated to irrigation with Urban Wastewater due to presence of pathogens, emerging contaminants (ECs), and adverse effects on soil.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:17:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-16 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) In this work, biometric characteristics and pigment content were assessed in Arabica cv. Obatã and Catuaí cultivated under water deficit (WD). The experiment was conducted in an agricultural greenhouse from December to May, 2016-2017 in the district of Rubião Júnior (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of IB / UNESP), Botucatu-SP. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 3x2 factorial scheme in subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The treatments applied were: T1-100% of field capacity (FC)-C = Control, well irrigated plants, T2-50% of FC-MWD = moderate water deficit and T3-25% FC-SWD = severe water deficit. Plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content (a and b) were assessed at 90, 120, 135 and 165 days after transplanting (DAT). It was verified that only plant height and leaf area decreased significantly as function of stress severity. Among the cultivars, only cv. Obatã presented better adaptation to the effects of WD. Departamento de Engenharia Rural Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Botucatu Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Avenida Universitária, n° 3780, Altos do Paraíso Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, nº 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior Departamento de Engenharia Rural Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Botucatu Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Avenida Universitária, n° 3780, Altos do Paraíso Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Botucatu, Rua Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, nº 250, Distrito de Rubião Junior

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-01 The residual sludge is a contaminating waste, coming from the urban waste treatment process. Its final disposal can become a problem when it is discarded incorrectly, generating serious environmental and health problems. However, it has a high content of organic matter, macro and micronutrients, and can be used in forest plantations as a fertilizer supplement or soil conditioner, being an interesting alternative to its final destination and recycling. Forestry is characterized by providing raw materials for the development of various products based on planted forests. In this context, the eucalyptus crop stands out due to the great importance for Brazilian economy, with an expressive increase in its plantation area in the last decades. Therefore, due to the environmental problems that can be caused by the deposit of residual sludge in the environment, this work aims to diagnose the state of the art of the use of residual sludge in the eucalyptus crop. Instituto de Botánica Departamento de Química y Bioquímica Instituto de Biociencias Universidad Estatal de San Pablo Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas Universidad Estatal de San Pablo

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-12-16 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The average yield of upland rice under no-tillage system (NTS), a sustainable soil management, is lower than in conventional tillage (one plowing and two disking). One of the reasons given for this drop in crop grain yield would be the low-nitrate assimilation capacity of rice seedlings, due to the low activity of the nitrate reductase (NR) enzyme in the early development phase. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the soil acidic and nitrogen source in the micronutrient concentrations, NR activity and grain yield of upland rice growing under NTS. The soil used in the experiment was an Oxisol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 × 4. Treatments consisted of three levels of soil acidity (high, medium, and low) combined with four nitrogen sources (nitrate, ammonium, ammonium + nitrification inhibitor, and control–without N fertilization). The reduction of soil acidity reduced the concentration of zinc and manganese in rice plants. Generally, the activity of the NR enzyme was higher in plants grown in soils with low acidity and fertilized with calcium nitrate. There was a greater response in growth and yield in rice plants grown in soils with high acidity. Under medium acidity, rice plants grown with ammonium sulfate were more productive (no differences were detected with the addition of the nitrification inhibitor). Departamento de Agronomia Universidade do Oeste Paulista–UNOESTE Campus II Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Produção Vegetal (Agricultura) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Arroz e Feijão) Centro de Solos e Recursos Ambientais Instituto Agronômico de Campinas Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Produção Vegetal (Agricultura) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências FAPESP: 2008/05573-0 FAPESP: 2008/05641-6

Potassium participates in the essential processes in plant physiology, however, the effects of K sources on plant metabolism have been little studied. Also, in certain cases, K sources and concentrations may cause undesirable effects, e.g., soil salinization. The objective was to evaluate the effect of K sources and levels on the enzyme activity of the antioxidant system and protein content in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) leaves and to determine the most suitable K sources for these physiological characteristics. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 4 factorial design, consisting of two K sources (KCl and K2SO4) and rates (250, 500, 750, and 1000 kg ha-1 K2O), with four replications. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves per plant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and leaf protein content. There was an increase in CAT activity with increasing K levels until 30 days after transplanting (DAT), when K2SO4 was applied and until 60 DAT, when KCl was used; after this period, the enzyme activity decreased under both sources. The activity of SOD increased in the presence of KCl, but was reduced with the application of K2SO4. For both K sources, increasing rates reduced the protein content and number of leaves per plant, and this reduction was greater under KCl application. Thus it was concluded that KCl tends more strongly to salinize the soil than K2SO4. Both for KCl and for K2SO4, the increasing rates adversely affected the activities of CAT and SOD and the levels of leaf protein in eggplant. The potential of KCl to reduce the enzyme activity of SOD and CAT, leaf protein content and plant growth of eggplant was stronger than that of K2SO4. O potássio participa dos processos essenciais na fisiologia da planta; contudo, os efeitos de fontes potássicas no metabolismo das plantas têm sido pouco estudados. Além disso, diferentes fontes e concentrações de K podem levar a efeitos indesejados como a salinização do solo. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de fontes e doses de K sobre a atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidante e o teor de proteínas em folhas de berinjela, bem como qual das fontes de K pode ser mais adequada em razão dessas características fisiológicas (Solanum melongena L.). O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados e esquema fatorial 2 × 4, sendo os fatores duas fontes (KCl e K2SO4) e doses de K (250, 500, 750 e 1000 kg ha-1 de K2O), com quatro repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura das plantas, número de folhas por planta, atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e teor foliar de proteína. Observou-se aumento na atividade da CAT com a elevação das doses de K até os 30 dias após o transplante (DAT) para K2SO4 e até 60 DAT para KCl; após esse período a atividade da enzima reduziu em ambas as fontes. A atividade da SOD aumentou na presença do KCl, mas reduziu com a aplicação do K2SO4. Para ambas as fontes de K, o aumento das doses promoveu redução no teor de proteínas e no número de folhas das plantas, sendo essa redução maior com a utilização do KCl. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que o KCl apresentou maior poder de salinização do solo em comparação ao K2SO4. Tanto para KCl quanto para K2SO4, a elevação das doses influenciou negativamente as atividades da CAT e SOD e os teores de proteína foliares em berinjela. O KCl apresentou maior potencial de redução das atividades das enzimas SOD e CAT dos teores foliares de proteínas e do desenvolvimento das plantas de berinjela.

The greenhouse production associated with the fertigation management, have established in Brazil as economical alternative for several horticultural species. With this strategy this study had as aim to evaluate possible impacts in the metabolism of plants of bell pepper (Capsicumannuum L.; cv Elisa) in response to the increase of mineral concentration in the soil. During the experiments, the some nutrient concentrations were altered, to obtain high values of electric conductivity (EC) in the soil solution. The EC values commonly observed in the traditional fertigation system were adopted, as control. It was also verified the possibility of reduction of the mineral stress impact by the application of organic matter in the soil. Parameters of the antioxidative response system, as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme activities besides the proline content were evaluated to measure the extension of the saline stress and their effects on the plants. The increase of EC of the soil induced to the increase of the proline concentration and the SOD activity. Unexpectedly, it was verified that the saline stress inhibited the activity of the enzyme catalase. It was also concluded that the monitoring of EC of the soil is an indispensable tool to reach success in the fertigation system and that the study of the activity of the enzymes of the antioxidative response system, and the proline contents can be assumed as indicators in of the levels of stress in bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa). La producción en invernadero asociada al manejo de fertirriego se ha establecido en Brasil como una alternativa económica para varias especies hortícolas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar posibles impactos en el metabolismo en plantas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa). En respuesta al aumento de la concentración mineral del suelo debido al fertirriego durante los ensayos, fueron alteradas las concentraciones de nutrientes para inducir altos valores de conductividad eléctrica (CE) en la solución del suelo. Valores de CE observados comúnmente en sistemas de fertirriego convencionales fueron tomados como tratamiento control. Se estudió también la posibilidad de la reducción del impacto del estrés mineral mediante la aplicación de materia orgánica en el sustrato del cultivo. Parámetros del sistema de respuesta antioxidativo, como la actividad de las enzimas superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa además de prolina fueron evaluadas para medir el alcance de los efectos del estrés salino y sus efectos metabólicos. El aumento de la CE en la solución del suelo indujo fuertemente la concentración de prolina y la actividad de la enzima SOD. Se observó que el estrés salino causó inhibición de la actividad de las catalasas. En función de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que el monitoreo de la CE de la solución del suelo es un factor indispensable para tener éxito en las prácticas de la fertirrigación y que el estudio de la actividad enzimática del sistema de respuesta antioxidativo y contenido de prolina pueden asumir un papel importante como indicadores de los niveles de estrés en plantas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.; cv Elisa).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:37:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-07T12:46:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN1992-2248-2012-08-02-67-74.pdf: 144727 bytes, checksum: d68640d6b4670fd05d81eb63e09babcf (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The aim of this study was to investigate (i) the influence of different sources and levels of potassium on photosynthetic pigments, (ii) measure nitrogen status in leaf, (iii) evaluate flower behavior in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and (iv) to identify a better potassium source to cultivation of this species. The experiment design used was in factorial scheme with randomized blocks, being composed by 2 potassium sources (KCl and K2SO4), combined with 4 levels of K2O (250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha-1). Nitrogen accumulation in leaf at 50 days after transplanting had a higher value with KCl compared with K2SO4. Results linked to aborted fruits presented similar effects to KCl and K2SO4. This study revealed that eggplant exposed to excess potassium did not have a negative effect on chlorophyll a and b, and nitrogen concentration in leaf was significantly modified due to increase in potassium level. In addition, greater levels of potassium produced negative consequences linked to flower and fruit abortion. Therefore, potassium source indicated for eggplant is potassium sulfate. Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Lavras, MG, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências (IBB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada, Paragominas, PA, Brasil Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências (IBB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T01:39:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 The aim of this study was to investigate (i) the influence of potassium stress through two potassium fertilizer (KCl and K2SO4) treatments over leaf proline and fruit production in eggplant, as well as (ii) the modifications in electrical conductivity of soil. The experiment design used was factorial scheme with randomized blocks, 2 potassium sources (KCl and K2SO4) combined with 4 levels of K2O (250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha-1). The highest fruit production was obtained with K2O 500 kg ha-1 using KCl compared to K2SO4 with an average electrical conductivity of 2.76 and 2.16 dS m-1. In this study it was observed that excessive level of KCl and K2SO4 as K2O 1000 kg ha-1 resulted in decrease of fruit production and increase of proline concentration in leaves of the eggplant. Departamento de Produção Vegetal - Horticultura Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Rodovia MG 424, km 4-EMBRAPA/NIA, 357019702, Sete Lagoas, MG Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas Departamento de Produção Vegetal - Horticultura Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T19:09:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:40:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:53:34Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:53:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-01 O presente trabalho foi conduzido no Departamento de Produção Vegetal, setor de Horticultura, da UNESP - Campus de Botucatu, SP com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de fontes e doses crescentes de potássio em raízes de berinjela. O experimento foi disposto em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (duas fontes de potássio: KCl e K2SO4 e quatro doses de K2O, 250, 500, 750 e 1000 kg ha-1) e três repetições. Para a condução do experimento, utilizou-se Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura média (615 g de areia, 45 g de silte e 340 g de argila por quilograma de solo). O solo passou em peneira de 5 mm sendo acondicionado em vasos plásticos com capacidade para 32 L de solo onde as plantas foram cultivadas. Os vasos foram distribuídos com espaçamento de 0,63 m entre plantas e 1,0 m entre linhas sendo cada vaso cultivado com uma planta. As características avaliadas foram: massa seca da raiz e volume da raiz. Conclui-se que fontes e doses excessivas de K2O induziram ao estresse mineral em plantas de berinjela e afetaram as raízes, sendo menos prejudicial o K2SO4. This study was carried out at the Department of Plant Production, Sector Horticulture, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu Campus, São Paulo State, Brazil in order to evaluate the effect of sources and increasing doses of potassium in roots of eggplant. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 4 (two sources of potassium: KCl and K(2)SO(4) and four doses of K(2)O, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha(-1)) and three replications. For the experiment, we used Oxisol medium texture (615 g of sand, 45 g of silt and 340 g of clay per kg soil). The soil passed through sieve of 5 mm and packed in plastic pots with a capacity of 32 liters of soil where plants were grown. The pots were distributed with a spacing of 0,63 m between plants and 1,0 m between rows each pot being grown with a plant. The evaluated characteristics were: root dry mass and volume of the root. It was concluded that sources and excessive doses of mineral K(2)O induces stress in eggplants and affect the roots being less harmful K(2)SO(4) source. FCA UNESP, Dept Prod Vegetal, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil IBB UNESP, Dept Quim & Bioquim, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil UFSJ CSL, Dept Engn Biossistemas, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil FCA UNESP, Dept Prod Vegetal, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil IBB UNESP, Dept Quim & Bioquim, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:54:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000273306200015.pdf: 342748 bytes, checksum: 037ff30f49be4d8e7ab414438a1d7319 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000273306200015.pdf: 342748 bytes, checksum: 037ff30f49be4d8e7ab414438a1d7319 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:53:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000273306200015.pdf: 342748 bytes, checksum: 037ff30f49be4d8e7ab414438a1d7319 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:53:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000273306200015.pdf: 342748 bytes, checksum: 037ff30f49be4d8e7ab414438a1d7319 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-01 Basidyomycete Lentinula edodes has its related enzymatic activity mainly on the agribusiness waste kind used as a substrate. The objective of this work was to verify the activity of oxidative enzymes lacase (Lac), lignina peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) of three L. edodes strains, in stationary system, cultivated the 25 degrees C, in the absence of light, in substrates wtih 20% of bran of rice, 1% of CaCO(3) and 79% of rice husk (CA), eucalyptus sawdust (SE), cassava bagasse (BM) and sugarcane bagasse (BC), adjusted to 60% of humidity. The Lac and MnP activities were bigger in eucalyptus sawdust (SE) and sugarcane bagasse (BC). The UP activity was not induced for tested substrates. The rice husk (CA) and cassava bagasse (BM) Substrates, although are not adequate to produce Lac or MnP, can be used as additives to increase the porosity, air availability and easy metabolism polysaccharides. UEL, Ctr Ciencias Agr, London, England UNESP, Dept Quim & Bioquim, Inst Biociencias, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Tuscia, Dipartimento Agrobiol & Agrochim, I-01100 Viterbo, IT, Italy Univ Paranaense, Mol Biol Lab, Umurama, PR, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Ctr Ciencias Biol, Londrina, PR, Brazil UNESP, Dept Quim & Bioquim, Inst Biociencias, Botucatu, SP, Brazil