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While important for athletic development and well-being in youth sport, knowledge remains limited around the processes underpinning triadic relationships between parents, athletes, and coaches. This study aimed to examine the relational processes that drive the functioning of parent–athlete–coach triads across three developmental stages of youth tennis. Using a collective-case-study design, 10 players, 10 coaches, and 9 mothers completed preinterview tasks and semistructured interviews and provided conversational history. Reflexive thematic analysis led to the generation of two higher order themes: foundations of relationship quality and factors enabling team effectiveness. Findings highlighted how specific relationship qualities (i.e., commitment, trust, respect, and parent–coach proximity) and team effectiveness constructs (i.e., shared goals, collaborative and adjusted roles, support, and role-specific communication) served to facilitate the tennis experience for triads. Scholars are encouraged to consider integrating small-group principles (e.g., team building) into tailored support programs that address the psychosocial needs of the triad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J. G. Ballard’s novel Empire of the Sun narrates how Jim, a British boy, survives in wartime Shanghai, particularly after the 1941 Japanese invasion. Existing interpretations of this story as a “Bildungsroman” have largely neglected Jim’s abnormal inclinations to “keep the war alive” even as the Japanese army faces defeat. To unravel this paradox, this paper draws upon the concept of “postcolonial flâneur”, and proposes that as a flâneur Jim’s Shanghai life encompasses evolving forms of mobility, reflecting shifting colonial relations. On the surface, Jim’s journey may appear as a tale of personal growth, yet it exposes an underlying colonialist mentality infused with imperial chauvinism. By placing the novel within the comparative context of Western and Eastern coming-of-age narrative traditions, the study also explores why Western interpretations tend to accept this paradox as natural, while Eastern perspectives may take a more critical stance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumination, or negative repetitive thinking, is a significant risk factor for depression and a common and pervasive habit of thought. Using original data from two online surveys of British adults conducted in March 2021 and February 2022, we examine associations between measures of political engagement and the two types of depressive rumination computed from Nolen-Hoeksema's Response Styles Theory: brooding (the maladaptive component that assesses negative aspects of self-reflection) and reflective pondering (the adaptive component focused on problem-solving). We show that (1) higher brooding is associated with lower internal political efficacy and voting; (2) higher reflective pondering is associated with higher external political efficacy; and (3) reflective pondering increases voting propensity for nonpartisans but not for partisans. Thus, while maladaptive rumination is detrimental to political engagement, adaptive rumination appears to be beneficial. Our findings advance our understanding of the role of reflection in democratic citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When European nationals left to join Islamic State, the media extensively reported on many of these individuals. Women's news coverage had a recurrent narrative—the "jihadi bride." Academic research has strived to analyse the nature of this coverage, effectively critiquing the narrative. Male jihadists have received limited attention in research on the roles of gender and media. This article seeks to contribute to a gap in knowledge concerning the comparative aspects of gendered representations by evaluating the differences between male and female news media coverage of two high-profile cases: the British woman Shamima Begum and the German man Denis Cuspert. Key findings show that Begum is primarily framed as a reject of British society and a "doubly deviant" woman. Cuspert is portrayed as radical, charismatic, active, and influential over youth. While aligning with previous research on gendered media tropes, this study advances knowledge by demonstrating how each individual's framing does not merely emphasise gendered personality traits but also connects to broader societal and political factors in domestic contemporary cultural settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the advocacy for children with disabilities in the context of sharenting practices on social media. The focus is on a case study of a 5‐year‐old British girl with Down syndrome (DS) named AC, whose Instagram account is managed by her mother. The study involved analysing all the content shared on the account, including single images, carousels, and videos (n = 1195), Reels (n = 310), pinned highlights (n = 6), and content tagged by other accounts (n = 74). The Instagram narratives were inductively categorized into three groups: Normalizing DS, Coping with DS, and DS macro‐level advocacy. The sharenting portrayal of AC has contributed to the growth of a supportive community challenging social stereotypes while promoting a more inclusive society. However, the study raises concerns about privacy, commodification, and self‐representation of the child in the context of sharenting advocacy. The mother's efforts to blend advocacy with commodification may compromise AC's privacy in pursuit of public recognition of DS children and financial benefits. While the social media portrayal attempts to offer the child's perspective, this case may not accurately represent self‐advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

George Bernard Shaw's political comedies, The Apple Cart and On the Rocks, explore loopholes of representative democracy and Shaw's prospect for reformative dictatorship as an alternative. The Apple Cart reveals the political apathy of English people with all good social welfare in the late twentieth century, which naturally leads to the parliamentary politics controlled by powerful conglomerates. In On the Rocks, representative democracy fails to address extreme unemployment, and the reform plan of the prime minister, Sir Arthur, faces opposition from both the labor class and the conservative. Therefore, Shaw hints at the temporary necessity for reformative dictatorship within constitutional limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radical democrats highlight the emancipatory potential of citizenship rights insofar as they enable the enactment of political subjectivity by those who lay claim to them. However, the conjuncture(s) within which citizenship rights originate (and are rearticulated) matters for the kind of political subjectivity they afford. This article traces the articulation of citizenship rights in Britain in relation to three historical conjunctures: 1948 (in which the introduction of the status of Citizen of the UK and its Colonies (CUKC) coincided with imperial decline); 1981 (in which the status of CUKC was displaced by that of British Citizen as Britain reinvented itself as a nation-state) and; 2012 (in which the hostile environment for irregular migrants was instituted amidst sustained austerity for its citizens). This conjunctural analysis enables us to recognise the good character requirement (that underpins the deportation of Black Britons to former colonies) and the Right to Rent (that deputises immigration control to landlords) as after rights of the CUKC, that is, rights depleted of their political significance as belonging to a free and equal member of the polity. This, I argue, significantly limits any emancipatory potential that enacting citizenship rights in Britain might otherwise enable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The reference nutrient intake for vitamin D in people aged ≥4 years is 10 μg/day (400 IU/day) in the UK, but the recommended daily allowance is 15 μg/day (600 IU/day) for people aged 1–70 years in the USA. Here, we aim to compare the 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentration profiles between the 2 doses. Methods: With world‐wide trial data of adults aged ≥18 years, 45–93 kg, we constructed a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetics model of serum concentrations of vitamin D and 25(OH)D using nonlinear mixed effects modelling. We used this model to forecast the mean, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles for serum 25(OH)D concentrations in British adults aged ≥16 years. Results: Our final model used bodyweight to adjust volume of each compartment and maximum clearance of 25(OH)D. No other covariate was identified. The model accurately predicted independent data from trials of a broad range of dosing regimens. We simulated British adults and showed that circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in 95% of people taking 10 μg/day for a year is predicted to reach 50 nmol/L in 32 weeks, while 97.5% of those on 15 μg/day were predicted to attain this threshold within 28 weeks. Conclusion: Both doses are efficacious in >95% of the British population. The daily dose of 15 μg can help 97.5% of the British adults achieve 50 nmol/L serum 25(OH)D and reach the 25 nmol/L threshold in 4 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Marrant’s A Narrative of the Lord’s Wonderful Dealings with John Marrant, a Black (1785) draws on geographical and historical imaginaries between the Cherokee and the British in the southeastern US from the 1720s through the American Revolutionary War. Comparing eighteenth-century southeastern Indigenous and European colonial maps with Marrant’s narrative mapping reveals Marrant’s navigation of the same spaces and networks of relation that were coming under colonial management. As a “go-between,” Marrant negotiates Cherokee and other Indigenous nations’ relations, as well as furnishes a rare glimpse into Black and Indigenous relations. Marrant’s Narrative reconnects to a legacy of Cherokee and British negotiations in addition to Black loyalist networks. Through his narrative mapping, Marrant performs as a cartographer and mediator between the Cherokee and the British to forge a new path, a “continuing city,” to maintain his freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines phraseological units that reflect the national and cultural identity of the English people. The relevance of the work is related to the endless interest of modern linguists in the problem of the relationship between the language and culture of the people, in studying the problems of national-cultural specificity of phraseological units. The phraseological units of the English language are an image that reflects the uniqueness of the life of the English people in the process of development as a separate nation. The purpose of the article is to show the relationship of phraseological units with the national character of the English and to show how phraseological units reflect the national mentality of the English people. In order to achieve the goal of this work, the following tasks have been set: - to study the theoretical opinions of linguists on the topic of phraseology; - to identify the phraseological units of the English language with national-cultural shades; - to analyze the phraseological units identified during the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to describe the dietary intake of British vegetarians according to the Nova classification and to evaluate the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the nutritional quality of the diet. We used data from the UK national survey (2008/2019). Food collected through a 4-d record were classified according to the Nova system. In all tertiles of the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods, differences in the average nutrient intake, as well as in the prevalence of inadequate intake, were analysed, considering the values recommended by international authorities. Ultra-processed foods had the highest dietary contribution (56·3 % of energy intake), followed by fresh or minimally processed foods (29·2 %), processed foods (9·4 %) and culinary ingredients (5 %). A positive linear trend was found between the contribution tertiles of ultra-processed foods and the content of free sugars (β 0·25, P < 0·001), while an inverse relationship was observed for dietary fibre (β –0·26, P = 0·002), potassium (β –0·38, P < 0·001), Mg (β –0·31, P < 0·001), Cu (β –0·22, P < 0·003), vitamin A (β –0·37, P < 0·001) and vitamin C (β –0·22, P < 0·001). As the contribution of ultra-processed foods to total energy intake increased (from the first to the last tertile of consumption), the prevalence of inadequate intake of free sugars increased (from 32·9 % to 60·7 %, respectively), as well as the prevalence of inadequate fibre intake (from 26·1 % to 47·5 %). The influence of ultra-processed foods on the vegetarian diet in the UK is of considerable magnitude, and the consumption of this food was associated with poorer diet quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article lies at the intersection of migration studies and disability studies and aims to contribute to redressing the considerable gap in knowledge regarding disabled voluntary migrants. These two areas, migration and disability, respectively, have rarely been considered together, a significant gap given the situation faced by disabled migrants and crosscutting issues confronting disabled people and migrants. Dynamics of exclusion are viewed as a shared experience of migrants, disabled people and disabled migrants. This paper is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with voluntary EU migrants to the UK, disabled British people and disabled EU migrants, which are supplemented by key informant interviews. All were conducted in 2019 in the north of England. The findings highlight that when migration and disability are considered concurrently, barriers multiply and result in a nuanced disadvantage and experiences of social marginalisation. Migrant and disability experience translates into social vulnerability and is a contributing cause of exclusion in relation to social expectations and mainstream services. This paper concludes that there is an urgent need to change the narrative and perception that migrant and disabled people are less worthy of attention and bring their needs to the fore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most ethnic Chinese living and working in Britain in the late 1960s were from Hong Kong's New Territories. Many of these British migrants blamed the Hong Kong government for importing cheap foodstuffs and driving farmers off the land to build new infrastructural projects. In 1967, Hong Kong experienced a wave of social and political unrest commonly referred to as the 1967 Leftist Riots. The unrest spread to parts of Britain's Chinatown, where a leftist movement emerged in sympathy with the anti-colonial rioters. In response, the Heung Yee Kuk, a legal advisory organisation that represented established interests in the New Territories, proposed to send a 'goodwill tour' to Britain's Chinatowns to demonstrate that the Hong Kong government was committed to their welfare. The unlikely alliance proved politically expedient as both had good reason to foster the political loyalty of Britain's migrant Chinese. In particular, both parties understood the economic necessity of quieting the unrest to ensure the continued flow of remittance back to the colony. The detailed report of migrant Chinese grievances with the British and Hong Kong governments produced by the Heung Yee Kuk delegates led to welfare reforms for the Chinese communities of Hong Kong and Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In non-endemic countries, surveillance of non-travel cases of enteric fever is important to identify carriers and reduce secondary transmission. We characterised these cases in England between 2012 and 2021 and assessed potential sources of infection to inform guidance revision. Retrospective case–case. We identified enteric fever cases from the national surveillance dataset. Non-travel cases were defined as no travel to an endemic country or travel but onset of >60 days after return. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with non-travel cases. We reviewed the case records of cases with unknown source of infection. Compared to travel cases, non-travel cases (7%; 225/3075) were older (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.04), asymptomatic (OR = 9.3: 95% CI: 4.3–20.3), and confirmed with Salmonella typhi infection (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.26–2.4). Non-travel cases had lower odds of being of Indian (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.16–0.45) or Pakistani ethnicity (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.16–0.45) than White British. Surveillance questionnaires identified a possible infection source for 53%: case records review identified a further 23%: 33% secondary transmission, mostly household; 21% had overseas visitors, or travelling family; 12% were carriers (cases with enteric fever in the past), 12% travelled to endemic country outside of the 60-day window, and 22% had other possible sources. Case records differentiated between travel 60–90 days (5%) vs travel years prior to onset (7%), suggesting carrier status. Not all possible carriers were identified through the surveillance questionnaire. Therefore, we recommend additional questions to systematically capture travel history beyond 60 days to assist in classifying carrier status and to updating the source of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a research project on the lived and everyday temporal experiences of British people in the Covid-19 pandemic, a Mass Observation directive was commissioned that asked volunteers about their changing rhythms, feelings, and imagined futures. The responses were rich and raw. Some of these reflections, however, expressed a risk of harm that raised ethical issues that were not anticipated beforehand. These issues were complicated by the interstitial character of the data, being not primary and not quite secondary. This Sociology in Action paper reflects on one diary that expressed risk of harm to think through the slipperiness of the data as well as the ethical responsibility researchers have towards the well-being of participants and that of their own. I suggest a proactive ethical framework for such interstitial data that includes an ethics of care towards the participants and stimulates ethical reflexivity that prepares the researcher for potential emotional ties and investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While recessions have many adverse consequences for individuals and organizations, we propose that they have positive implications for job satisfaction. We argue that during bad economic times, people will be less attuned to other possible jobs, and more likely to see their own jobs favorably. We find support for these predictions across three studies. Study 1 (n = 23,335) utilizes a large cross-sectional survey of American adults collected over four decades and finds that job satisfaction increases during recessions and declines during booms. Study 2 (n = 12,859) replicates this result using a large longitudinal survey of British adults and finds that job satisfaction rises and falls with the unemployment rate even within the same people. Finally, Study 3 (n = 512) uses an experimental design and finds that the relationship between economic conditions and job satisfaction is mediated by the reduced salience of alternative jobs. While scholars have long recognized that job satisfaction is affected by situational features inside organizations, our findings suggest that conditions outside the workplace can also influence how people think about and evaluate their jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Conclusion To determine the effect of social mobility on self‐perceived oral health (SPOH) by: (i)characterizing patterns of social mobility from birth to adulthood and (ii)assessing their influence on SPOH among British adults.A secondary data analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study. Data were collected at birth and at 5, 10, 16, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42 and 46 years of age. Social class (SC) was indicated by parental SC from birth to age 16 and own SC from ages 26 to 42. At age 46, SPOH was measured using a single question. Sex, ethnicity, country and residence area were included as potential confounders. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to identify trajectories of exposure to non‐manual SC over time, instead of predetermined categories.LCGA identified four social mobility patterns: stable high, stable low, upwardly mobile and downwardly mobile; the time for the change in SC happening between 16 and 26 years. A total of 9657 participants were included. In the crude model, stable high had lower odds (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.59–0.76), while downward mobility and stable low had higher odds (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15–1.61 and OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.40–1.77) of poor SPOH than upward mobility. These results were corroborated in the fully adjusted model; being female and living in rural areas was also associated with lower odds (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.59–0.71 and OR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.80–1.00) of poor SPOH.Social mobility significantly affects SPOH in British adults. Those in non‐manual SC have better SPOH than those in manual SC. When compared to upward mobility, downwardly mobile individuals report bad SPOH more frequently, evidencing that current SC influences oral health in a slightly greater measure than early years SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the importance of fostering individual taxpayers' (hereafter taxpayers) trust in government to encourage tax compliance is widely acknowledged, how policy actions can increase trust in government remains unclear. Thus, the main purpose of our research is to see whether policy actions that signal government benevolence during a crisis can quickly increase trust in government, and its positive implications for tax compliance intentions. Another goal of our research is to see whether such a quick change of trust is driven by emotions. To test this, we use the British COVID-19 Self-Employment Income Support Scheme (hereafter SEISS) as a natural experiment. Right after the SEISS was launched to the British public, we recruited a sample of 500 British self-employed taxpayers via Prolific. Our results suggest that receiving (vs. not receiving) government support increases trust in government and enhances tax compliance intentions. In addition, trust in government mediates the positive impact of receiving (vs. not receiving) government support on tax compliance intentions. More important, our results suggest that policy actions that signal government benevolence during a crisis can increase trust in government quickly because it is driven by taxpayers' emotions such as gratitude. These results have important implications for governments to efficiently deal with the sharp rise in public debts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-skin privilege is a term that is often used to describe the relative advantages that racially minoritized people who are socially recognised as "light-skinned" receive when navigating predominantly white spaces compared to their peers with darker-skin. This article considers the relationship between racism-induced stress and poor health outcomes amongst Black British women who self-identify as having light-, medium-, or dark-skin to examine the extent to which light-skin privilege mitigates the negative effects that racial discrimination has on health. Drawing on interviews conducted with 20 Black British women, I complicate the understanding that light-skin privilege invariably leads to better health outcomes for Black British women with light-skin by revealing how its operation at a systemic level can coincide with individual experiences of anti-Black racism that can, in turn, lead to poor health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the case study of a British doctor who posted videos on social media platforms denying the existence of COVID-19. The case examines the approach taken by the UK's medical regulator in dealing with doctors who espouse conspiratorial views at odds with accepted medical opinion. In such cases, there may be a conflict between the safety of patients and the public (which is the principal function of medical regulators) and the doctor's freedom of expression (whether under the First Amendment, Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, or another international human rights instrument). During this protracted three-and-a-half-year case, the UK's Medical Practitioners' Tribunal, High Court and--latterly--Court of Appeal have each made it clear that doctors remain free to express views contrary to medical orthodoxy except where they lack any supporting evidentiary basis. In September 2023, an order was made revoking the doctor's licence. Rather than accept the Tribunal's guidance following his initial suspension, he chose to continue promoting his conspiratorial views in a public forum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timing is an important interactional resource for coordinating mobile and digital interactions, and for signalling interest and involvement in an exchange. This article breaks new ground in exploring conversational rhythm as a 'disconnective' resource through which people suspend, or withdraw from, interactions as a way of asserting agency and autonomy. Focusing on mobile-messaging apps such as WhatsApp, it develops an innovative 'day-in-the-life' methodological approach for exploring how individuals manage multiple online and offline encounters through combining interviews, time-use diaries and messaging data. Interactional analysis of selected extracts involving British women in their 40s and 50s points to an emerging interactive practice of 'suspended alignment' which enables connection-building through alignment while simultaneously keeping interlocutors at a desired distance. Suspended alignment is an increasingly accepted pragmatic norm through which adults maintain key relationships while managing the multiple demands on their time. • Day-in-the-life approach enables insights into how people manage parallel online/offline encounters. • Desire to connect through mobile messaging while maintaining autonomy prompts practice of suspended alignment. • Suspended alignment involves harnessing conversational rhythm to suspend mobile conversations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been increased cultural interest in perimenopause and menopause. The importance of peri/menopause in many women's lives makes this topic particularly pertinent for feminist psychologists. Some feminist scholars have acknowledged both physical and psychological factors as important aspects of women's experiences within their wider social and cultural contexts. However, consideration of relational aspects during peri/menopause remains sparse. We report our research exploring peri/menopausal women's experiences of friendships, family, and relationships. Thematic analysis was used to analyse responses to an online qualitative survey in which 71 mainly British women participated. In our analysis, we discuss the Menopause Sisterhood and how these women described social support as grounded in embodied experiences shared with other women. However, there were tensions concerning partners, whose understanding varied, which we report in the second theme: Accounting for (lack of) partner support: Men as heroes (or as absolved of any blame). We discuss the importance and implications of our findings for feminist scholars and psychologists more widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What accounts for the common perception that women have contributed little to advances in entrepreneurship and innovation in Britain during the early industrial era? This paper empirically examines the role of gender diversity in inventive activity during the first and second industrial revolutions. The analysis of systematic data on patents and unpatentable innovations uniquely enables an evaluation of women's creativity within both the market and nonmarket sectors. British women inventors were significantly more likely than men to focus on unpatentable innovations in consumer final goods and design‐oriented products that spanned art and technology, and on uncommercialized improvements within the household. Conventional approaches that fail to account for nonmarket activity and for such incremental changes in consumer goods and design innovations therefore significantly underestimate women's contributions to household welfare and overall economic progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHomework is a multifaceted process that involves a complex interplay of factors. However, the processes underlying homework behavior are not yet fully understood. In Study 1, we tested a model of homework processes by examining the influences and consequences of homework behavior based on 473 Chinese students. In Study 2 with 159 British students, we aimed to verify our homework model. We measured Year 7 to 9 children’s perceptions of parents’ and teachers’ expectancies and teachers’ feedback as well as children’s homework motivation (expectancy and value beliefs), homework effort, academic outcomes, and academic stress in both samples using two waves of data. The findings from structural equation modeling revealed that children’s perceptions of parents’ and teachers’ expectancies and teachers’ feedback are more highly associated with children’s homework motivation than children’s homework effort. Homework effort was not related to children’s academic outcomes and academic stress across both cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our understanding of history reveals far more about ourselves than the subjects analyzed. Within this Viewpoint, the six wives of King Henry VIII become a case study for each generation’s identities and how it plays a role in the interpretations of women’s histories. Katherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Katherine Howard, and Katherine Parr are some of the most instantly recognizable historical British women, and yet primary sources are mainly void of their personal voices, lost to history amongst a wave of political agendas, misogyny, and religious vendettas. At different periods, they have been victims, sluts, saints, and feminist icons. This article attempts to analyze some of those most iconic interpretations of these women and what influences from that specific era played a role in the depiction. In the end, the practice of history itself is fallible, meaning that the real identities of the six wives of Henry VIII have been lost to us. However, the act of analyzing them, no matter how imperfect, ensures that their memories live on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated a decline in sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this study is to explore the impact of engaging with pertinent epidemic information through the media amid the COVID-19 crisis on individuals' sleep quality and the underlying mechanisms through which this influence operates. Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 1,063 British adults (36.2% males; Mage = 38.85, SDage = 13.36, ranging from 18 to 77 years old) participated in the study and completed our questionnaires, which included media usage frequency during the pandemic, the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Ten-item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Results: Pearson's correlation analyses indicated that there was no significant correlation between COVID-19-related traditional media use (television, radio, newspaper) and psychological distress or sleep quality. However, exposure to information related to COVID-19 through new media use (Facebook, Tik Tok, Twitter) was correlated with greater psychological distress and poorer sleep quality. A moderated mediation analysis showed that psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between new media use and poor sleep, which was moderated by age, with the association between psychological distress and poor sleep quality being stronger among older adults. Conclusion: Exposure to information of COVID-19 via new (but not traditional) media use deteriorated sleep quality through greater psychological distress, and this relationship was stronger among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current post-truth era, the ability to assess the reliability of information is an essential citizenship attribute. With nearly half of the present internet traffic estimated to be generated by bots, and misinformation being regularly weaponised by numerous parties for economic or political gain, it is imperative that citizens are equipped with the tools to discriminate facts from fiction, particularly for health- and science-related matters. The present study reports the results of a survey (n = 776) carried out to evaluate susceptibility to scientific misinformation and perception of news source reliability amongst students in an English secondary school. Two distinct scores were developed in order to differentially measure susceptibility to disinformation (i.e. deliberately false information) and unintentional misinformation (i.e. getting the facts wrong). Non-parametric analysis indicated that students' misinformation (as measured by both scores) decreased significantly over the course of the 5 years of secondary education. Interestingly, the adolescents who took part in the survey exhibited considerably lower belief in common science-based conspiracy theories than the levels previously reported among British adults. Students indicated teachers as their most frequent choice of scientific news. While social media were also indicated as common news sources, students expressed awareness of the unreliability of the content available on social media. Analysis of the open answers indicated that students considered BBC as the most trustworthy source of scientific information, and TikTok as the least trustworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective identification of anomalous data from production time series in the oilfield affects future analysis and forecasting. Such time series is often characterized by irregular time intervals due to uneven manual sampling, and missing values caused by incomplete measurements. Therefore, the identification task becomes more challenging. In this paper, an Attention-Embedded Time-Aware Imputation Network (ATIN) with two sub-networks is proposed for this task. First, Time-Aware Imputation LSTM (TI-LSTM) is designed for modeling irregular time intervals and incomplete measurements. It decays the long-term memory component as the producing well conditions may be varied during the water cut stage. Second, Attention-Embedding LSTM (ATEM) is designed to improve the effectiveness of anomaly detection. It focuses on the correlation between the last and historical measurements in a given sequence. Comparison experiments with several state-of-the-art methods, including mTAN, GRU-D, T-LSTM, ATTAIN, and BRITS are conducted. Results show that the proposed ATIN performs better in accuracy, F 1 -score, and area under curve (AUC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematics anxiety (MA) is a widely recognized phenomenon that refers to the negative thoughts, fears, and stress experienced by individuals when working with numbers. It has a severe impact on individuals ranging from elementary school students to college students across various countries. Despite several instruments available for measuring MA, the majority of them are in English. At this time, we first adapted the Modified Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (m-AMAS) to the Turkish culture to be used with early adolescent students. The m-AMAS was administered to 224 students (mean age:13.35 years, SD = 0.49, 128 girls) and was found to be a valid and reliable tool for measuring MA. The study also explored the link between MA and math self-efficacy (MSE), academic buoyancy (AB). The findings support the validity of the 9-item, two-dimensional structure of the m-AMAS used in this research, as it was found to be comparable to the original scale tested on British students. Intriguingly, the results of the mediation analysis demonstrated that MA significantly predicted MSE, which in turn significantly predicted AB. Notably, the model unveiled a significant indirect effect between MA and AB, with a partial mediating effect of MSE. However, for a comprehensive understanding of this sequence, future research endeavours, encompassing longitudinal and experimental studies, are imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an emerging body of research that focuses on the experiences of tourists with visual impairment. This has established that such tourists face many barriers, difficulties and challenges, predominantly relating to the design of the physical environments of tourism or the attitudes of employees. However, the issue of positive and high-quality experiences among visually-impaired tourists has been neglected. To advance the debate, this paper examines such positive experiences. It adopts a qualitative, interpretivist approach and makes use of semi-structured interviews with (predominantly young) British people with a visual impairment. Five factors were identified that contribute to positive holiday experiences: excellent customer service; the kindness of strangers (both local people and other tourists); provision of audio and tactile interpretation at visitor attractions that allowed a sense of inclusion; the transformative potential of new navigational technologies; and the support provided by specialist companies which understand the particular requirements of tourists with a visual impairment. Therefore holidays for people with a visual impairment are not solely defined by challenges and barriers, and such tourists can have rich, rewarding and inclusive experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Dupilumab is licensed for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in patients aged ≥ 6 months. Objectives The aim of this study was to examine real-world outcomes and safety of dupilumab in British children with moderate-to-severe AD attending a tertiary referral paediatric centre. Methods Skin and quality of life scores, adverse events and discontinuation rates were assessed. Patients aged ≤ 18 years with moderate-to-severe AD were included if they had skin scores recorded at baseline and at least one follow-up visit. Efficacy and safety were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results In this retrospective observational survey, 72 children/teenagers, with a median age of 14 years (range 7–18) were included. Oral systemic immunosuppressants had failed to control AD in 88% of children recruited. All patients commenced on dupilumab had pretreatment eczema skin scores consistent with moderate-to-severe disease, with a median Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score of 25 [interquartile range (IQR) 20–31]. EASI scores decreased by a median of 94% (IQR 82–100) and remained consistently low over 10–52 months of the study, with a median EASI score at final follow-up of 2 (IQR 0–6). Of the 72 children, 8 (11%) were able to discontinue dupilumab as they were in remission. Nineteen (26%) experienced adverse events, most commonly conjunctivitis (12 patients; 17%). Eight (11%) discontinued dupilumab (six with ongoing inflammatory skin flares, one with severe allergic conjunctivitis, one with intercurrent Wilson disease). Conclusions Dupilumab was highly effective in treating most children with moderate-to-severe AD with good safety outcomes in the real world. However, 10% of children may need alternative therapy because of drug ineffectiveness or side-effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of intergroup contact of White British adults (N = 192) on the language used when describing their recent interactions with Asian British people. Specifically, we assessed the role of different forms of intergroup contact (i.e., cross-group friendship, positive and negative, and direct and extended contact) on the abstraction of negative terms used by White British people, as a linguistic measure of outgroup derogation. As expected, the frequency of direct negative intergroup contact was associated with higher negative language abstraction in depicting Asian British people. However, this association was weaker for White British people with higher levels of positive direct and extended intergroup contacts compared to those with lower levels of positive direct and extended contact. Overall, results emphasize the importance of independently analyzing the impact of positive and negative intergroup contact experiences, as well as understanding how they interact with each other in the communication of intergroup discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to decode nonverbal cues is essential for effective cross-cultural communication. Despite the significance of nonverbal communication, research in this area has primarily focused on spoken language. This is particularly problematic during indirect communication, where there is a discrepancy between the surface meaning and the true intention (e.g., "Well, there is still room for improvement in your writing skills"). Misinterpretation of nonverbal cues during indirect communication can impede the decoding of true intention and potentially create hostile situations. The present study investigated cross-cultural differences in the use of nonverbal cues in decoding indirect messages. British and Chinese raters watched silent video clips and identified the types of replies from models of their own and the other culture. Results revealed that British raters were able to recognize indirect replies from British models but not from Chinese models above chance level, whereas Chinese raters were able to recognize indirect replies from models of both cultures above chance level. Furthermore, British raters showed higher accuracy and confidence in identifying indirect replies from British models than Chinese models. In contrast, Chinese raters were equally skilled and confident in identifying indirect replies from both British and Chinese models. Additionally, British and Chinese raters employed different nonverbal cues to recognize indirect replies from models of their respective cultures. These findings underscore the importance of cross-cultural differences in identifying indirect replies through nonverbal communication and provide insights to enhance intercultural communication between British and Chinese individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In October 1920, 15 American women arrived in Plymouth, England, to take part in the first transatlantic field hockey tour. Three more exchanges between the nations would take place before the end of the decade, and an Irish team also visited the US in 1925. English physical educationalists had introduced field hockey to America in the late-1890s and numerous physical training college graduates were employed by US colleges to teach the game prior to World War One. But demand for British coaches grew exponentially after the Americans' tour and the subsequent visit to the US of an All England Women's Hockey Association (AEWHA) team in October 1921. After the United States Field Hockey Association (USFHA) was formed in January 1922, one of the first things it did was ask the AEWHA to source suitably qualified coaches to travel to the US. Eight women were selected and would play a pivotal role in not only exchanging sporting knowledge, but also in fostering the friendships and comradery that would influence field hockey's development globally in the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study provides a complete phonetic description of sounds in Australian English. The study depends on data from earlier published works on consonants, vowels, syllable structure, and lexical stress in Australian English. The different aspects of speech sound such as phonation, respiration, consonant articulation, voicing, and vowel production are analyzed based on their historical development. Multiple segments from an Australian movie have been used to acquire the data for this article. An acoustic evaluation was completed similarly to the aural transcription. Various kinds of software programs have been used. As formerly indicated, noise and history tracks had been taken under consideration at the same time as choosing audio recordings for transcription. Facilitating the historical development of the language accent in Australia, it has been observed that the British immigrants played a large part in influencing the language being spoken and the way words are pronounced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonnie Effros's book, "Incidental Archaeologists: French Officers and the Rediscovery of Roman North Africa," provides a detailed history of French colonial obsession with Roman remains in Algeria and Tunisia. Effros explores the careers and writings of French officer-archaeologists, the violence and displacement caused by their excavations, and their influence on the development of archaeology in France. The book highlights how the search for historical justification was integral to the colonial project and examines the multivalent discourse on the classical past, which held different meanings for various groups, including foreign legionnaires, political prisoners, and North Africans themselves. Effros also acknowledges the complexity and nuance of the colonial situation, with evidence suggesting a range of choices, negotiations, and resistance exhibited by both Europeans and North Africans. [Extracted from the article]

Little is known about the patterning of multiple long‐term conditions (MLTCs) by age, ethnicity and across conceptualisations of MLTCs (e.g. MLTCs with/without mental health conditions [MHCs]). We examined ethnic inequalities in age‐related patterns of MLTCs, and combinations of physical and MHCs using the English GP Patient Survey and Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We described the association between MLTCs and age using multilevel regression models adjusting for sex and area‐level deprivation with patients nested within GP practices. Similar analyses were repeated for MLTCs that include MHCs. We observed ethnic inequalities from middle‐age onwards such as older Pakistani, Indian, Black Caribbean and Other ethnic people had increased risk of MLTCs compared to white British people, even after adjusting for area‐level deprivation. Compared to white British people, Gypsy and Irish Travellers had higher levels of MLTCs across the age groups, and Chinese people had lower levels. Pakistani and Bangladeshi people aged 50–74 years were more likely than white people to report MLTCs that included MHCs. We find clear evidence of ethnic inequalities in MLTCs. The lower prevalence of MLTCs that include MHCs among some minoritised ethnic groups may be an underestimation due to underdiagnosis and/or inadequate primary care and requires further scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the treatises and law reports of Sir Edward Coke (1552–1634), the Attorney General under Elizabeth I and later, Chief Justice of the courts of Common Pleas and King's Bench. The article juxtaposes Coke's expressions of the common law's uniqueness and antiquity with the historical scholarship of Coke's peers that illuminated English legal, cultural, ethnic, linguistic, and institutional identity. This antiquarian historicism increasingly located the source of English ethno-cultural identity in the Anglo-Saxon period of English history. Whilst Coke's belief in an immemorial common law necessarily placed its origins in the native British past, the following argues that Coke was receptive to contemporary scholarship that had solidified the association of the Anglo-Saxons with a discrete sense of Englishness. Indeed, subscription to the burgeoning antiquarian consensus that the Anglo-Saxons were the first English people was not necessarily incongruous with belief in an immemorial, pre-Saxon common law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association of colonial power with turban has not been made since the beginning of British rule in India. This link has been developed through various setbacks. The Britishers' perceptions about the dress of the native employees was not as same in the 1880s–90s as it was in the 1800s. As the time progressed, the body-politics related to colonizer's sartorial manners in India matured. By attaching the tag of "civilized" to own sartorial etiquette, the Britishers made their social etiquette inaccessible to the natives for power's sake. It was from this mentality that the Britishers created an English-educated class in Indian Native society, who used to consider following many indigenous customs and manners tantamount to their backwardness. Wearing a turban was among one of them. Based on the turban, the sphere of symbolic power that was constituted in colonial India until the end of the nineteenth century will be discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mood and Feelings Questionnaire—child self-report (MFQ-C) is a widely used measure of child and adolescent depression. This study evaluated possible factor solutions and examined the measurement invariance of the MFQ-C as a prerequisite for its use in cross-cultural comparisons between Thai (N = 1272) and British samples (N = 1817) by using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA). The latent means of Thai and British samples were also examined. A five-factor structure of the MFQ-C was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. A partial scalar invariant model was supported, and thus latent means were compared, with British adolescents reporting significantly higher mean MFQ-C scores than Thai adolescents on four of the five factors (Vegetative Symptoms, Suicidality, Cognitive Symptoms, Agitated Distress). There was no difference for the Core Symptoms factor. The findings also suggest that the MFQ-C is a valid measure to assess depression in Thai and British adolescents and maybe useful in cross-cultural comparisons of adolescent depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2000s Britain was an interesting and expansive time musically for Black Britain (Bradley 2013), as underground music gained traction in mainstream spaces. This article examines the context in which Black British women were able to cross over into the British mainstream and explores how U.K. garage and U.K. funky artists expressed their creativity, autonomy, womanhood, Blackness, and Britishness. Female U.K. garage artists set a precedent in the creation of "new" diverse identities for Black British women artists, but artists in both underground and mainstream music scenes were also forced to contend with restrictive and harmful misogynoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people are now at the centre of what we call "heritage". Children are a familiar sight at heritage sites, where specific provision is made for their learning and entertainment. Heritage education is also now well established, with families, schools, heritage sites and agencies working to ensure that children are encouraged and supported to engage with the material remains of the past. However, this is a surprisingly recent development. It was only in the later twentieth century that children came to be recognised as an important market for the heritage industry, requiring special consideration and amenities. On the other hand, on an individual basis, many children have been active participants in heritage activities for much longer. This essay considers one aspect of that long history, looking at the presence of children on the "Grand Tour" in the long eighteenth century. The classic image of the Grand Tour is of young British men being sent, in the years following school or university, on a protracted, often debauched journey around Western Europe. This characterisation has been recently challenged in several ways, and this essay continues this reevaluation by investigating the Tourists' age. Some Tourists were mature adults; many others were surprisingly young. This essay investigates both those young people who undertook their own tours, often accompanied by a tutor, and those touring as part of a family group. No reliable corpus of Grand Tourists can be established, and in those directories that do exist, children tend to be underrepresented. But using a range of printed, manuscript and visual sources, including educational treatises, memoirs, diaries, letters, and portraits, this essay establishes the unexpected extent of children's presence on the Tour and shows that it is possible to recapture the experiences of Grand Tour children and of those who travelled with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revisits the concept of empowerment that has underpinned the global movement to address gendered violence. Using a critical praxis lens, the article explores different understandings of empowerment that arose in interviews with front-line domestic violence workers who support refugee and migrant women experiencing gendered violence in Queensland, Australia. Two-thirds of the participants are from refugee and migrant backgrounds themselves. The findings reflect the shift in the service sector from more macro understandings of empowerment, grounded in feminist activism, to more micro understandings. In a context of neoliberal, bureaucratic service delivery, and limited means to address gendered violence that focus on women leaving and legal interventions, empowerment is sometimes viewed in individualistic, therapeutic terms of self-help. There is evidence that domestic violence services, founded on theories of empowerment, are now implicated in the surveillance and risk tracking role of social work as a profession, which has implications for survivor centeredness, agency, and equal participation. However, there is also evidence that front-line workers are aware of structural failings and questioning individualistic conceptions of empowerment amid broader concerns of social justice. Empowerment is viewed as transformative, with possibilities for more collective models aimed at addressing social justice. Outlining implications for feminist scholarship and practice, I suggest empowerment might be revisited by considering the differences between and within groups; structural violence and the consequences of interventions for marginalized groups; collective strategies aimed at broader structural change, such as poverty and race; and by strengthening the capacity of communities to respond to violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nicola Abram's book, "Black British Women's Theatre: Intersectionality, Archives, Aesthetics," offers a valuable contribution to the study of Black British women's theatre by reevaluating the role of performance archives. Abram explores unpublished works by Black British playwrights and practitioners from the 1980s and 1990s, shedding light on their contributions to the field. She emphasizes the importance of Black feminist performance theory and the political and communal drive of Black British women's theatre. Abram's book focuses on non-naturalistic works by theatre companies and artists, highlighting the significance of their histories and achievements beyond published materials. The book also examines the collaborative and interconnected nature of Black arts during this time period. Overall, Abram's work underscores the need to preserve and study the archives of Black British women's performance to fully understand their contributions to the field. [Extracted from the article]

Since the European Union referendum in 2016, UK net migration has increased to record levels. Despite the Leave campaign's promise to 'take back control'—and a Conservative government that has adopted increasingly negative rhetoric about immigration—growing numbers of workers and international students have migrated to the UK. This apparent puzzle can be explained by examining the political economy of immigration policy. The UK economy is structurally dependent on migrants who take up jobs that British citizens shun and who address skills shortages caused by under‐investment in training and education, as well as international students who help finance UK universities. As free movement came to an end, the Johnson government responded by liberalising immigration policy selectively. More recently, political pressure from the right has prompted the Sunak government to adopt policies that restrict the rights of migrant workers, international students and many British citizens to live with their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prejudice and discrimination against minorities can be a powerful tool for populistic and reactionary political movements, and it is therefore crucial to study its determinants. The aim of this research is to develop the understanding of a possible mechanism of such discrimination: cultural distance. In a pre‐registered survey experiment with a between‐subjects design, we draw on the large increase in intra‐European refugee migration from Ukraine, to test whether refugees from another ongoing conflict in (culturally distant) Yemen are treated differently than (culturally similar) Ukrainian refugees by British participants (N = 1545). We measured stated willingness to help and to hire refugees. Moreover, the participants were offered the chance to donate their own earnings from survey participation to real charity drives aimed at the respective refugee groups. Thus, we are able to examine both stated and actual helping behaviours that captured both autonomy‐ and dependency‐oriented forms of helping. As expected, participants were more willing to help, hire and donate money to Ukrainian refugees, and these effects were mediated by higher perceived similarity and lower perceived threat from Ukrainians compared with Yemenis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Almost 80% of individuals with functional dyspepsia experience meal‐related symptoms and are diagnosed with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). However, studies evaluating dietary modifications in PDS are sparse. We performed a single‐center randomized trial comparing reassurance and diagnostic explanation (RADE) with or without traditional dietary advice (TDA) in PDS. Methods: Following a normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, individuals with PDS were randomized to a leaflet providing RADE ± TDA; the latter recommending small, regular meals and reducing the intake of caffeine/alcohol/fizzy drinks and high‐fat/processed/spicy foods. Questionnaires were completed over 4 weeks, including self‐reported adequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms, and the validated Leuven Postprandial Distress Scale (LPDS), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and Nepean Dyspepsia Index for quality of life. The primary endpoint(s) to define clinical response were (i) ≥50% adequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms and (ii) >0.5‐point reduction in the PDS subscale of the LPDS (calculated as the mean scores for early satiety, postprandial fullness, and upper abdominal bloating). Key Results: Of the 53 patients with PDS, 27 were assigned RADE‐alone and 26 to additional TDA. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, with a mean age of 39 years, 70% female, 83% white British, and coexistent irritable bowel syndrome in 66%. The primary endpoints of (i) adequate relief of dyspeptic symptoms were met by 33% (n = 9) assigned RADE‐alone versus 39% (n = 10) with TDA; p‐value = 0.70, while (ii) a reduction of >0.5 points in the PDS subscale was met by 37% (n = 10) assigned RADE‐alone versus 27% (n = 7) with TDA; p‐value = 0.43. Response rates did not differ according to irritable bowel syndrome status. There were no significant between‐group changes in the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale and dyspepsia quality of life. Conclusions & Inferences: This study of predominantly white British patients with PDS found the addition of TDA did not lead to significantly greater symptom reduction compared with RADE alone. Alternate dietary strategies should be explored in this cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]