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1. Impulse coupling measurement of metallic and carbon targets during laser ablation through ballistic pendulum experiments and simulations.

Author

Le Bras, C., Berthe, L., Videau, L., Baton, S., Boustie, M., Boyer, S., Rousseaux, C., Brambrink, E., Chevalier, J.-M., Houy, J., Aubert, B., Jodar, B., Loison, D., and Hébert, D.

Subjects
LASER ablation, LASER ranging, PENDULUMS, COPPER, MOMENTUM transfer, HIGH-intensity focused ultrasound
Abstract

Laser ablation propulsion and orbit cleaning are developing areas of research. The general aim of laser-based techniques applied to this field is to maximize the momentum transfer produced by a laser shot. This work presents results from ballistic pendulum experiments under vacuum on aluminum, copper, tin, gold, and porous graphite targets. The work has focused on the metrology of the laser experiments to ensure good stability over a wide range of laser parameters (laser intensity ranging from 4 GW/cm 2 to 8.7 TW/cm 2 , pulse duration from 80 ps to 15 ns, and wavelengths of 528 or 1057 nm). The results presented compile data from three experimental campaigns spanning from 2018 to 2021 on two different laser platforms and using different pulse durations, energies, and wavelengths. The study is complemented by the simulation of the momentum from the mono-dimensional Lagrangian code ESTHER. The first part of this work gives a detailed description of the experimental setup used, the ESTHER code, and the treatment of the simulations. The second part focuses on the experimental results. The third part describes the simulation results and provides a comparison with the experimental data. The last part presents possible improvements for future work on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Dolutegravir-based and low-dose efavirenz-based regimen for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection (NAMSAL): week 96 results from a two-group, multicentre, randomised, open label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial in Cameroon

Author

Calmy, A, Tovar Sanchez, T, Kouanfack, C, Mpoudi-Etame, M, Leroy, S, Perrineau, S, Lantche-Wandji, M, Tetsa-Tata, D, Omgba-Bassega, P, Abong-Bwenda, T, Varloteaux, M, Tongo, M, Mpoudi-Ngolé, E, Montoyo, A, Mercier, N, LeMoing, V, Peeters, M, Reynes, J, Delaporte, E, Ayouba, A, Agholeng, A, Butel, C, Cournil, A, Eymard-Duvernay, S, Granouillac, B, Izard, S, Lacroix, A, Serrano, L, Vidal, N, Fouda, PJ, Mougnoutou, R, Olinga, J, Omgba, V, Tchokonte-Ngandé, SC, Ymele, B, Epoupa-Mpacko, CD, Fotso, M, Moukoko, R, Nké, T, Akamba, A, Lekelem, S, Tongo-Fotack, SB, Ngono, S, Tanga, M, Ebong, E, Edoul-Mbesse, G, Ciaffi, L, Koulla-Shiro, S, Manirakiza, G, Mimbé, ED, Boyer, S, Bousmah, M, Maradan, G, Nishimwe, ML, Spire, B, Lê, MP, Peytavin, G, Diallo, A, Fournier, I, Rekacewicz, C, Perez Casas, C, Calmy, Alexandra, Tovar Sanchez, Tamara, Kouanfack, Charles, Mpoudi-Etame, Mireille, Leroy, Sandrine, Perrineau, Ségolène, Lantche Wandji, Martial, Tetsa Tata, Darius, Omgba Bassega, Pierette, Abong Bwenda, Thérèse, Varloteaux, Marie, Tongo, Marcel, Mpoudi-Ngolé, Eitel, Montoyo, Alice, Mercier, Noémie, LeMoing, Vincent, Peeters, Martine, Reynes, Jacques, and Delaporte, Eric

Published
2020
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4. Gamma-ray diagnostics of Type Ia supernovae: Predictions of observables from three-dimensional modeling

Author

Summa, A., Ulyanov, A., Kromer, M., Boyer, S., Roepke, F. K., Sim, S. A., Seitenzahl, I. R., Fink, M., Mannheim, K., Pakmor, R., Ciaraldi-Schoolmann, F., Diehl, R., Maeda, K., and Hillebrandt, W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Besides the fact that the gamma-ray emission due to radioactive decays is responsible for powering the light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), gamma rays themselves are of particular interest as a diagnostic tool because they provide a direct way to obtain deeper insights into the nucleosynthesis and the kinematics of these explosion events. Focusing on two of the most broadly discussed SN Ia progenitor scenarios - a delayed detonation in a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf (WD) and a violent merger of two WDs - we use three-dimensional explosion models and perform radiative transfer simulations to obtain synthetic gamma-ray spectra. Both chosen models produce the same mass of 56Ni and have similar optical properties that are in reasonable agreement with the recently observed supernova SN 2011fe. In contrast to the optical regime, the gamma-ray emission of our two chosen models proves to be rather different. The almost direct connection of the emission of gamma rays to fundamental physical processes occuring in SNe Ia permits additional constraints concerning several explosion model properties that are not easily accessible within other wavelength ranges. Proposed future MeV missions such as GRIPS will resolve all spectral details only for nearby SNe Ia, but hardness ratio and light curve measurements still allow for a distinction of the two different models at 10 and 16 Mpc for an exposure time of 10^6 s, respectively. The possibility to detect the strongest line features up to the Virgo distance will offer the opportunity to build up a first sample of SN Ia detections in the gamma-ray energy range and underlines the importance of future space observatories for MeV gamma rays., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication by A&A

Published
2013
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10. Decreased levels of discomfort in repeatedly handled mice during experimental procedures, assessed by facial expressions

Author

Swan, J. (Julia), Boyer, S. (Scott), Westlund, K. (Karolina), Bengtsson, C. (Camilla), Nordahl, G. (Gunnar), Törnqvist, E. (Elin), Swan, J. (Julia), Boyer, S. (Scott), Westlund, K. (Karolina), Bengtsson, C. (Camilla), Nordahl, G. (Gunnar), and Törnqvist, E. (Elin)

Abstract

Mice are the most commonly used laboratory animal, yet there are limited studies which investigate the effects of repeated handling on their welfare and scientific outcomes. Furthermore, simple methods to evaluate distress in mice are lacking, and specialized behavioral or biochemical tests are often required. Here, two groups of CD1 mice were exposed to either traditional laboratory handling methods or a training protocol with cup lifting for 3 and 5 weeks. The training protocol was designed to habituate the mice to the procedures involved in subcutaneous injection, e.g., removal from the cage, skin pinch. This protocol was followed by two common research procedures: subcutaneous injection and tail vein blood sampling. Two training sessions and the procedures (subcutaneous injection and blood sampling) were video recorded. The mouse facial expressions were then scored, focusing on the ear and eye categories of the mouse grimace scale. Using this assessment method, trained mice expressed less distress than the control mice during subcutaneous injection. Mice trained for subcutaneous injection also had reduced facial scores during blood sampling. We found a clear sex difference as female mice responded to training faster than the male mice, they also had lower facial scores than the male mice when trained. The ear score appeared to be a more sensitive measure of distress than the eye score, which may be more indicative of pain. In conclusion, training is an important refinement method to reduce distress in mice during common laboratory procedures and this can best be assessed using the ear score of the mouse grimace scale.

Published
2023

13. Chlamydia

Author

Pinto-Cardoso, G., primary, Boyer, S., additional, le Sage, F. Vié, additional, and Pinquier, D., additional

Published
2018
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18. Combined Bacterial Meningitis and Infective Endocarditis: When Should We Search for the Other When Either One is Diagnosed?

Author

Béraud, Guillaume, Tubiana, Sarah, Erpelding, Marie-Line, Le Moing, Vincent, Chirouze, Catherine, Gorenne, Isabelle, Manchon, Pauline, Tattevin, Pierre, Vernet, Veronique, Varon, Emmanuelle, Hoen, Bruno, Duval, Xavier, Obadia, J., Leport, C., Poyart, C., Revest, M., Selton-Suty, C., Strady, C., Vandenesch, F., Bernard, Y., Chocron, S., Plesiat, P., Abouliatim, I., de Place, C., Donnio, P., Alla, F., Carteaux, J., Doco-Lecompte, T., Lion, C., Aissa, N., Baehrel, B., Jaussaud, R., Nazeyrollas, P., Cambau, E., Iung, B., Nataf, P., Chidiac, C., Celard, M., Delahaye, F., Aumaître, H., Frappier, J., Oziol, E., Sotto, A., Sportouch, C., Bouvet, A., Bes, M., Abassade, P., Abrial, E., Acar, C., Alexandra, J., Amireche, N., Amrein, D., Andre, P., Appriou, M., Arnould, M., Atoui, A., Aziza, F., Baille, N., Bajolle, N., Battistella, P., Baumard, S., Ben Ali, A., Bertrand, J., Bialek, S., Bois Grosse, M., Boixados, M., Borlot, F., Bouchachi, A., Bouche, O., Bouchemal, S., Bourdon, J., Brasme, L., Bruntz, J., Cailhol, J., Caplan, M.P., Carette, B., Cartry, O., Cazorla, C., Chamagne, H., Champagne, H., Chanques, G., Chevalier, B., Chometon, F., Christophe, C., Colin de Verdiere, N., Daneluzzi, V., David, L., Danchin, N., de Lentdecker, P., Delcey, V., Deleuze, P., Deroure, B., Descotes-Genon, V., Didier Petit, K., Dinh, A., Doat, V., Duchene, F., Duhoux, F., Dupont, M., Ederhy, S., Epaulard, O., Evest, M., Faucher, J., Fauveau, E., Ferry, T., Fillod, M., Floch, T., Fraisse, T., Frapier, J., Freysz, L., Fumery, B., Gachot, B., Gallien, S., Garcon, P., Gaubert, A., Genoud, J., Ghiglione, S., Godreuil, C., Gandjbakhch, I., Grentzinger, A., Groben, L., Gherissi, D., Hagege, A., Hammoudi, N., Heliot, F., Henry, P., Houriez, P., Hustache-Mathieu, L., Huttin, O., Imbert, S., Jaureguiberry, S., Kaaki, M., Konate, A., Kuhn, J., Kural Menasche, S., Lafitte, A., Lafon, B., Lanternier, F., Le Chenault, V., Lechiche, C., Lefevre Thibaut, S., Lefort, A., Lemoine, J., Lepage, L., Lepousé, C., Leroy, J., Lesprit, P., Letranchant, L., Loncar, G., Lorentz, C., Magnin-Poull, I., Makinson, A., Man, H., Mansouri, M., Marçon, O., Maroni, J., Masse, V., Maurier, F., Mechaï, F., Merceron, O., Messika-Zeitoun, D., Metref, Z., Meyssonnier, V., Mezher, C., Micheli, S., Monsigny, M., Mouly, S., Mourvillier, B., Nallet, O., Nazerollas, P., Noel, V., Payet, B., Pelletier, A., Perez, P., Petit, J., Philippart, F., Piet, E., Plainvert, C., Popovic, B., Porte, J., Pradier, P., Ramadan, R., Richemond, J., Rodermann, M., Roncato, M., Roigt, I., Ruyer, O., Saada, M., Schwartz, J., Simon, M., Simorre, B., Skalli, S., Spatz, F., Sudrial, J., Tartiere, L., Terrier de La Chaize, A., Thiercelin, M., Thomas, D., Thomas, M., Toko, L., Tournoux, F., Tristan, A., Trouillet, J., Tual, L., Verdier, F., Vernet Garnier, V., Vidal, V., Weyne, P., Wolff, M., Wynckel, A., Zannad, N., Zinzius, P., Ploy, M.-C., Caron, F., Bollaert, P.-E., Gaillot, O., Taha, M.-K., Bonacorsi, S., Lecuit, M., Gravet, A., Frachet, B., Debroucker, T., Levy-Bruhl, D., Raffi, F., Preau, M., Anguel, N., Argaud, L., Arista, S., Armand-Lefevre, L., Balavoine, S., Baraduc, R., Barnaud, G., Bernard, L., Bernars, G., Bertei, D., Bessede, E., Billard Pomares, T., Biron, C., Bland, S., Boileau, J., Boubeau, P., Bourdon, S., Bousquet, A., Boyer, S., Bozorg-Grayeli, A., Bret, L., Bretonniere, C., Bricaire, F., Brocas, E., Brun, M., Buret, J., Burucoa, C., Cabalion, J., Cabon, M., Camuset, G., Canevet, C., Carricajo, A., Castan, B., Caumes, E., Cazanave, C., Chabrol, A., Challan-Belval, T., Chanteperdrix-Marillier, V., Chaplain, C., Charlier-Woerther, C., Chaussade, H., Clair, B., Colot, J., Conil, J.-M., Cordel, H., Cormier, P., Cousson, J., Cronier, P., Cua, E., Dao-Dubremetz, A., Dargere, S., Degand, N., Dekeyser, S., Delaune, D., Denes, E., Dequin, P.-F., Descamps, D., Descloux, E., Desmaretz, J.-L., Diehl, J.-L., Dimet, J., Escaut, L., Fabe, C., Faibis, F., Flateau, C., Fonsale, N., Forestier, E., Fortineau, N., Gagneux-Brunon, A., Garandeau, C., Garcia, M., Garot, D., Gaudry, S., Goehringer, F., Gregoire-Faucher, V., Grosset, M., Gubavu, C., Gueit, I., Guelon, D., Guimard, T., Guinard, J., Hadou, T., Helene, J.-P., Henard, S., Henry, B., Hochart, A.-C., Illes, G., Jaffuel, S., Jarrin, I., Jaureguy, F., Joseph, C., Juvin, M.-E., Kayal, S., Kerneis, S., Lacassin, F., Lamaury, I., Lanotte, P., Laurens, E., Laurichesse, H., Le Brun, C., Le Turnier, P., Lecuyer, H., Ledru, S., Legrix, C., Lemaignen, A., Lemble, C., Lemee, L., Lesens, O., Levast, M., Lhommet, C., Males, S., Malpote, E., Martin-Blondel, G., Marx, M., Masson, R., Matray, O., Mbadi, A., Mellon, G., Merens, A., Meyohas, M.-C., Michon, A., Mootien Yoganaden, J., Morquin, D., Mrozek, N., Nguyen, S., Nguyen, Y., Ogielska, M., Page, B., Patrat-Delon, S., Patry, I., Pechinot, A., Picot, S., Pierrejean, D., Piroth, L., Plassart, C., Plessis, P., Portel, L., Poubeau, P., Poupard, M., Prazuck, T., Quaesaet, L., Ramanantsoa, A., Rapp, C., Raskine, L., Raymond, J., Riche, A., Robaday-Voisin, S., Robin, F., Romaszko, J.-P., Rousseau, F., Roux, A.-L., Royer, C., Salmon, D., Saroufim, C., Schmit, J.-L., Sebire, M., Segonds, C., Sivadon-Tardy, V., Soismier, N., Son, O., Sunder, S., Suy, F., Tande, D., Tankovic, J., Valin, N., van Grunderbeeck, N., Verdon, R., Vergnaud, M., Vernet-Garnier, V., Vidal, M., Vitrat, V., Vittecoq, D., Vuotto, F., Laouenan, C., Marcault, E., Mentre, F., Pasquet, B., Roy, C., Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Centre d'investigation Clinique [CHU Bichat] - Épidémiologie clinique (CIC 1425), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] (CIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Centre d'investigation clinique - Epidémiologie clinique [Nancy] (CIC-EC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The AEPEI IE cohort was funded by a research grant from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC 2007), grants from the Société Française de Cardiologie, the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Novartis France. The sponsor was Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et au Développement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon. The COMBAT cohort was funded by Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm, The French Society of Infectious Diseases (SPILF), and Pfizer Laboratory. It was also supported by the Observatoire de la Resistance du Pneumocoque (ORP) and Santé Publique France. The sponsor of the study and the funding sources had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit it for publication. The Rapid Service Fee was funded by the University Hospital of Poitiers, to which the corresponding author is affiliated.

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Echocardiography, Austrian syndrome, Staphylococcus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bacterial meningitis, Streptococcus, Infective endocarditis
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: We aimed to describe patients with coexisting infective endocarditis (IE) and bacterial meningitis (BM).Methods: We merged two large prospective cohorts, an IE cohort and a BM cohort, with only cases of definite IE and community-acquired meningitis. We compared patients who had IE and BM concurrently to patients with IE only and BM only.Results: Among the 1030 included patients, we identified 42 patients with IE-BM (4.1%). Baseline characteristics of patients with IE-BM were mostly similar to those of patients with IE, but meningitis was the predominant presentation at admission (39/42, 92.3%). Causative pathogens were predominantly Streptococcus pneumoniae (18/42, 42.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14/42, 33.3%). All pneumococcal IE were associated with BM (18/18). BM due to oral and group D streptococci, Streptococcus agalactiae, and S. aureus were frequently associated with IE (14/30, 46.7%). Three-month mortality was 28.6% in patients with IE-BM, 20.5% in patients with IE, and 16.6% in patients with BM.Conclusions: Patients with pneumococcal IE or altered mental status during IE must be investigated for BM. Patients with S. aureus, oral and group D streptococcal or enterococcal BM, or unfavorable outcome in pneumococcal meningitis would benefit from an echocardiography. Patients with the dual infection have the worst prognosis. Their identification is mandatory to initiate appropriate treatment.

Published
2022

23. Hepatitis B testing, treatment, and virologic suppression in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon (ANRS 12288 EVOLCAM)

Author

Liégeois, Florian, Boyer, S., Eymard-Duvernay, Sabrina, Carrieri, P., Kouanfack, C., Domyeum, J., Maradan, G., Ducos, J., Mpoudi-Ngole, E., Spire, B., Delaporte, E., Kuaban, C., Vidal, Laurent, Laurent, Christian, and EVOLCAM Study Group

Subjects
Treatment, Africa, Testing, HBV, virus diseases, HIV, lcsh:RC109-216, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases
Abstract

Background Hepatitis B is a major concern in Africa, especially in HIV-infected patients. Unfortunately, access to hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing and adequate treatment remains a challenge in the continent. We investigated HBV testing, treatment, and virologic suppression in HIV-infected patients followed up as part of Cameroon’s national antiretroviral programme. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in adult patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 19 hospitals in the Centre and Littoral regions in Cameroon. The proportions of patients tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prior to the study were compared among all study hospitals using the Chi-square test. The association of individual and hospital-related characteristics with HBV testing and virologic suppression was assessed using multilevel logistic regression models. Results Of 1706 patients (women 74%, median age 42 years, median time on ART 3.9 years), 302 (17.7%) had been tested for HBsAg prior to the study. The proportion of HBV-tested patients ranged from 0.8 to 72.5% according to the individual hospital (p

Published
2020

28. Benefits of task-shifting HIV care to nurses in terms of health-related quality of life in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in rural district hospitals in Cameroon [Stratall Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (ANRS) 12110/Ensemble pour une Solidarité Thérapeutique Hospitalière en Réseau (ESTHER) substudy]

Author

Suzan-Monti, M, Blanche, J, Boyer, S, Kouanfack, C, Delaporte, E, Bonono, R-C, Carrieri, PM, Protopopescu, C, Laurent, C, and Spire, B

Published
2015
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30. SITUATION DES PROGRAMMES MIGRATEURS SUR L'ENSEMBLE DES BASSINS VERSANTS GARONNE ET DORDOGNE.

Author

BOYER S., GUERRI O., and PUSTELNIK G.

Subjects
migratory fish, management, protection, restoration, programmes, evaluation, populations, assessment, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, SH1-691
Abstract

L'ensemble des bassins Garonne et Dordogne couvre un territoire d'environ 83 000 km2 . Comme dans la plupart des systèmes hydrographiques européens, un fort recul des populations a été observé au cours du dernier siècle. Les principales causes en sont les aménagements, l'équipement industriel des cours d'eau, l'apparition de pollutions urbaines et industrielles et dans certains cas la surpêche. En 1978, sous l'impulsion du Ministère de l'Environnement, les premières opérations coordonnées de restauration des poissons migrateurs démarrent sur les bassins Garonne et Dordogne avec un « plan saumon ». A cette époque, sept des huit espèces de grands migrateurs amphihalîns sont encore présentes : l'esturgeon européen (Acipenser sturio), la grande alose (Alosa alosa), l'alose feinte (Alosa fallax), l'anguille (Anguilla anguilla), la lamproie fluviatile (Lampetra fluviatilis), la lamproie marine (Petromyzon marinus) et la truite de mer (Salmo trutta). Seul le saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) a définitivement disparu. En 1999, le bilan des plans de restauration met en évidence les avancées suivantes. Au niveau réglementaire, la protection d'une partie des habitats de reproduction est assurée pour plusieurs espèces et la pêche de trois espèces menacées (l'esturgeon, le saumon et la truite de mer) est interdite. Au niveau aménagement, la libre circulation est rétablie sur une grande partie de la Dordogne, de la Vézère, de la Garonne, de l'Ariège, du Tarn et de l'Aveyron, rendant ainsi accessibles les zones de reproduction situées dans le haut bassin. Au niveau biologique, la restauration d'une souche de saumon atlantique est engagée permettant d'envisager un réensemencement sur le long terme (centre de reconditionnement, piscicultures domaniales). Au niveau du suivi des populations, des stations de contrôle sont implantées sur quelques points stratégiques des bassins versants. Les premiers résultats ont montré une colonisation rapide et massive de la grande alose et une installation progressive d'une population de grands salmonidés sur les deux axes Garonne et Dordogne. Les suivis de population laissent toutefois d'importantes incertitudes sur l'évaluation des stocks et les données restent insuffisantes pour apprécier la dynamique de chacune des populations.

Published
2001
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34. A molecular method for the identification of resting eggs of acartiid copepods in the Thau lagoon, France

Author

Lindeque, P.K., Boyer, S., and Bonnet, D.

Subjects
Biological sciences
Abstract

Acartia and Paracartia species, often known to co-occur, can exhibit complex life cycles, including the production of resting eggs. Studying and understanding their population dynamics is hindered by the inability to identify eggs and early developmental stages using morphological techniques. We have developed a simple molecular technique to distinguish between the three species of the Acartiidae family (Acartia clausi, A. discaudata and Paracartia grani) that co-occur in the Thau lagoon (43°25'N; 03°40'E) in southern France. Direct amplification of a partial region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism results in a unique restriction profile for each species. The technique is capable of determining the identity of individual eggs, including resting eggs retrieved from sediment samples, illustrating its application in facilitating population dynamic studies of this ubiquitous and important member of the zooplankton community., Introduction Studies of zooplankton population dynamics are greatly helped by the ability to identify eggs and early larval stages to species level. Where morphological characters do not provide sufficient variation [...]

Published
2013
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35. DURAPI – Vers une meilleure connaissance et un accompagnement technique des exploitations apicoles professionnelles : durabilité, stratégies de renouvellement du cheptel et conséquences sur le fonctionnement global de l’exploitation. Innovations Agronomiques 82, 81-94

Author

Kouchner, C., Basso, B., Blanchard, S., Boyer, S., Britten, V., Brunet, J.L., Burc, A., Chauvat, S., Colombo, E., Cousin, M., Dalmon, A., Decante, D., Decourtye, A., Diévart, V., Feschet-Delestra, E., Frey, H., Gerez, T., Guirao, A.L., Hache, S., Jourdan, P., Le Conte, Y., Mage, M., Mior, M., and Riffard, C.

Published
2021
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36. Intimate partner violence by men living with HIV in Cameroon: Prevalence, associated factors and implications for HIV transmission risk (ANRS-12288 EVOLCAM)

Author

Fiorentino, Marion, Sow, A., Sagaon Teyssier, Luis, Mora, M., Mengue, M. T., Vidal, Laurent, Kuaban, C., March, Laura, Laurent, Christian, Spire, B., Boyer, S., and EVOLCam Study Group

Subjects
Science, education, mental disorders, population characteristics, Medicine, social sciences, behavioral disciplines and activities
Abstract

ObjectivesIntimate partner violence (IPV) against women is frequent in Central Africa and may be a HIV infection risk factor. More data on HIV-positive men (MLHIV) committing IPV are needed to develop perpetrator-focused IPV and HIV prevention interventions. We investigated the relationship between IPV and HIV transmission risk and IPV-associated factors.MethodsWe used data from the cross-sectional survey EVOLCam which was conducted in Cameroonian outpatient HIV structures in 2014. The study population comprised MLHIV declaring at least one sexual partner in the previous year. Using principal component analysis, we built three variables measuring, respectively, self-reported MLHIV-perpetrated psychological and physical IPV (PPV), severe physical IPV (SPV), and sexual IPV (SV). Ordinal logistic regressions helped investigate: i) the relationship between HIV transmission risk (defined as unstable aviremia and inconsistent condom use) and IPV variables, ii) factors associated with each IPV variable.ResultsPPV, SPV and SV were self-reported by 28, 15 and 11% of the 406 study participants, respectively. IPV perpetrators had a significantly higher risk of transmitting HIV than non-IPV perpetrators. Factors independently associated with IPV variables were: i) socio-demographic, economic and dyadic factors, including younger age (PPV and SPV), lower income (PPV), not being the household head (SPV and SV), living with a main partner (SPV), and having a younger main partner (SPV); ii) sexual behaviors, including ≥2 partners in the previous year (PPV and SPV), lifetime sex with another man (SPV), inconsistent condom use (SV), and >20 partners during lifetime (SV); iii) HIV-related stigma (PPV and SV).ConclusionIPV perpetrators had a higher risk of transmitting HIV and having lifetime and recent risky sexual behaviors. Perpetrating IPV was more frequent in those with socioeconomic vulnerability and self-perceived HIV-related stigma. These findings highlight the need for interventions to prevent IPV by MLHIV and related HIV transmission to their(s) partner(s).

Published
2021

49. Early ART initiation improves HIV status disclosure and social support in people living with HIV, linked to care within a universal test and treat program in rural South Africa (ANRS 12249 TasP Trial)

Author

Fiorentino, M., Nishimwe, M., Protopopescu, C., Iwuji, C., Okesola, N., Spire, B., Orne-Gliemann, J., McGrath, N., Pillay, D., Dabis, F., Larmarange, Joseph, Boyer, S., and ANRS 12249 TaSP Study Group

Subjects
Social support, South africa, HIV, Early antiretroviral treatment, Test and treat, HIV status disclosure
Abstract

We investigated the effect of early antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation on HIV status disclosure and social support in a cluster-randomized, treatment-as-prevention (TasP) trial in rural South Africa. Individuals identified HIV-positive after home-based testing were referred to trial clinics where they were invited to initiate ART immediately irrespective of CD4 count (intervention arm) or following national guidelines (control arm). We used Poisson mixed effects models to assess the independent effects of (a) time since baseline clinical visit, (b) trial arm, and (c) ART initiation on HIV disclosure (n = 182) and social support (n = 152) among participants with a CD4 count > 500 cells/mm(3) at baseline. Disclosure and social support significantly improved over follow-up in both arms. Disclosure was higher (incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.24 [1.04; 1.48]), and social support increased faster (1.22 [1.02; 1.46]) in the intervention arm than in the control arm. ART initiation improved both disclosure and social support (1.50 [1.28; 1.75] and 1.34 [1.12; 1.61], respectively), a stronger effect being seen in the intervention arm for social support (1.50 [1.12; 2.01]). Besides clinical benefits, early ART initiation may also improve psychosocial outcomes. This should further encourage countries to implement universal test-and-treat strategies.

Published
2020

50. Two new phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera : Psychodidae) from the forest edge in Madagascar : the anthropophilic Phlebotomus artemievi sp. nov. and Sergentomyia maroantsetra ensis sp. nov

Author

Randrianambinintsoa, F. J., Depaquit, J., Martinet, J. P., Golden, C. D., Boyer, S., Robert, Vincent, and Tantely, L. M.

Subjects
taxonomy, Anthropophily, Phlebotomus artemievi sp nov, Vector ecology, Phlebotomine sandflies, Disease ecology, Madaphlebotomus, Sergentomyia maroantsetraensis sp nov, Morphological and molecular
Abstract

A few data are related to the anthropophily of Malagasy Phlebotomine sandflies. Prior studies focussed mainly to inventories and description of new species. Our goal was to emphasize the anthropophily of Malagasy Phlebotomine sandflies. We worked in the Makira region, using two simultaneous methods: human landing catches (HLC) and CDC light traps. We collected sandflies in three rural communities adjacent to the Makira Natural Park. In each community, three different biotopes were sampled: within community settlements; at the edge of forest, typically in agricultural land; and within the forest. We collected 61 sandflies belonging to two new species presently described: Phlebotomus artemievi sp. nov. and Sergentomyia maroantsetraensis sp. nov. These sandflies were caught exclusively in the forest edge biotope. None were captured within communities or within forests. HLC provided 97% of the collected sandflies, corresponding to a human-biting rate of 15 females per human per night. CDC provided only two females. Ph. artemievi sp. nov. was predominantly captured by HLC and appears to be highly anthropophilic. Here, we update the behavioural ecology of sandflies and describe two new species. Further research is required to understand their vector competence and their ability to transmit arboviruses and other pathogens such as Leishmania.

Published
2020

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