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Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of rectal ozone on the histopathological healing of the colonic mucosa, tissue oxidative stress, and bacterial translocation in the experimental colitis model. Materials and Methods: Three groups of rats were randomly formed [Group 1: Sham group, group 2: Control group, group 3: Ozone treatment group]. Microscopic and macroscopic scoring were done histopathologically in all groups. Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the colon and liver tissue. Blood cultures were taken for the detection of bacterial translocation. Results: Microscopic damage scores were found as 0.0 (0.0-2.0) in the sham group, 3.0 (3.0-3.0) in the control group, 2.0 (0.0-2.0) in the ozone treatment group (p=0.001). Macroscopic damage scores were found as 0.0 (0.0-1.0) in the sham group, 3.0 (0.0-4.0) in the control group, 0.0 (0.0-1.0) in the ozone treatment group; the scores of ozone treatment and sham groups were found to be statistically different (p=0.004). Compared to the control group, the bacterial translocation in the liver, mesenteric lymph node, portal vein, spleen, and systemic blood was fewer in the ozone treatment group. Statistically significant differences were also observed between the groups’ SOD and GST levels in colon tissue and MDA, SOD, and GST levels in liver tissue. Regarding MDA values in the liver tissue of the groups, it was 1.95±0.43 in Group I, 3.63±0.81 in Group II, and 1.19±0.72 U/mg in Group III (p=0.017). When the liver tissue SOD levels of the groups were examined, it was 8.21±0.76 U/mg in Group I, 4.57±0.58 U/mg in Group II, and 8.62±1.13 U/mg in Group III (p=0.029). When GST values in liver tissue belonging to the groups were examined, 0.35±0.16 in Group 1, 0.23±0.03 in Group II, 0.49±0.13 U/mg in Group III (p=0.036). Conclusion: Rectal ozone application plays a role in increasing the organism’s antioxidant activity and has an effective role in increasing the enzyme activities of antioxidant defenses. In addition, rectal ozone application has a positive effect on wound healing at a histopathological level and reduces bacterial translocation in various tissues.

Yanık yarasının iyileşmesinde, yanıkta oluşan yaralanma zonları; hiperemi, staz, koagülasyon zonu büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yanığın patofizyolojisindeki gelişmeye bağlı olarak yanık ciltte oluşan yanık zonları bulunmuş ve tedavi buna göre daha da gelişmiştir. Bu zonlar; koagulasyon, staz ve hiperemi zonudur. Nekroz zonu tedavisi eksizyon ve kaybolan cildin greft olarak onarımıdır. Staz zonu eğer 24-48 saat içinde yanık tedavisi iyi yönetilirse tam olarak iyileşir. Aksi takdirde koagulasyon zonuna dahil olur. Hiperemi zonu zaten kendiliğinden iyileşebilen bir alandır. Staz zonunun kurtarılması yanık tedavisinde oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Yanık alanda oluşan hipermetabolizma sonucu ortaya çıkan aktif oksijen radikalleri staz zonunun koagulasyon zonuna dönüşümünü hızlandırdığı bilinmektedir. Bu deneysel çalılşmanın amacı yanık staz zonu üzerine sildenafil ve N-Asetilsisteinin etkilerini incelemek ve yanıkta yara iyileşmesine katkısı olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır.Çalışmada 200 ± 20 gr ağırlığında Wistor Albino cinsi dört aylık 32 adet dişi rat kullanıldı. Ratlar 4 gruba ayrıldı. Bu 24 Rat' a anestezi altında Regas ve Ehrlich tarafından tanımlanan deneysel yanık modeli uygulandı. Grup 1; sham, grup 2; intraperitoneal kontrol, grup 3; sildenafil çalışma ( günlük 10mg / kg dozunda intraperitoneal 10 gün süreyle ), grup 4; N-asetilsistein çalışma ( günlük 100 mg / kg dozunda intraperitoneal 10 gün süreyle ) grupları olarak belirlendi. Malondialdehit, glutatyon peroksidaz, süperoksit dismutaz, katalaz düzeyleri için serum ve sitopatolojik çalışma için doku örnekleri alındı. Tüm Ratlar deneyin 10. gününde sakrifiye edildi.Ödem, hiperemi, epitel dejenerasyonu, nekroz, iltihabi infiltrasyon, fibrozis ölçümleri yapıldı. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında tedavi edilen iki grupta doku hasar skoru düşük bulundu. MDA düzeyi; Grup 3 ve grup 4' de, grup 2' ye göre düşük, grup 3' de grup 4' e göre düşük bulundu. SOD, katalaz ve GPH-Px düzeyleri, grup 3' de ve grup 4' de grup 2' ye göre yüksek, grup 3' de, grup 4' e göre yüksek bulundu.Çalışmamızın sonuçları Ratlarda oluşturulan deneysel yanık modelinde sildenafil ve N-asetilsisteinin oksidatif stres düzeyini azaltıcı, yara iyileşmesini arttırıcı olumlu etkileri olduğunu desteklemektedir. Bu konu üzerinde ileri klinik ve deneysel çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Anahtar kelimeler: Yanık, staz zonu, sildenafil, N-asetilsistein In burn wound healing, zones of burn, namely zone of hyperemia, zone of stasis, and zone of coagulation have a great importance. These zones have been identified based on the pathophysiology of the burn, and treatment of burn has been improved. The zone of necrosis is treated by excision and repair through grafting. Zone of stasis fully recovers in 24-48 hours if the burn treatment is managed well. Otherwise, it may convert to a zone of coagulation. Hyperemia zone is a zone that recovers itself. Recovery of the zone of stasis is very critical in burn treatment. Active oxygen radicals produced as a result of the hypermetabolism due to burn wound are known to speed to the process of the zone of stasis converting into the zone of coagulation. The aim of the present experimental study was to evaluate the effects of sildenafil and N-acetylcysteine on the zone of stasis and to establish whether they had any contribution to wound healing in burns.In the present study, 32 four months old, female Wistor Albino rats with 200 ± 20 gr body weights were used. The rats were divided into four groups as the sham group (Group 1), intraperitoneal group (Group 2), Sildenafil group (Group 3, intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg for 10 days), N-acetylcysteine (Group 4, intraperitoneal 100 mg/kg for 10 days). Tissue samples were collected for serum and cytopathology studies of the Malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalyse levels. All the rats were sacrificed on the 10th day of the testsEdema, hyperemia, epithelial degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis measurements were made. When compared with the controls, both of the treatment groups had lower tissue damage scores. MDA level was lower in Group 3 and 4 compared to Group 2 and lower in Group 3 compared to Group 4. SOD, catalase and GPH-Px levels were higher in Group 3 and Group 4 compared to Group 2 and higher in Group 3 compared to Group 4.The results of our study conducted on an experimental burn model created by rats support that Sildenafil and N-acetylcysteine have positive effects such as decreasing oxidative stress level and increasing wound healing in burns. Further clinical and experimental studies are required on this subject.Key words: burn, zone of stasis, sildenafil, N-acetylcysteine 67

Gastric diverticulum is a rare pathological condition of the gastrointestinal system. It is seen in approximately 0.01% of all endoscopic examinations. Gastric diverticulum is commonly asymptomatic and usually detected incidentally during upper endoscopic examination. Gastric diverticulum is often located on the posteromedial wall of the fundus. Rarely, upper abdominal discomfort and pain may be presented. In this case, we report a 57 years old female patient with a gastric diverticulum on the greater curvature, Gastrik divertikül nadir görülen gastroinesitinal sisteme ait patolojik bir durumdur. Yaklaşık olarak 10.000 endoskopik incelemenin 1’inde görülür. Büyük çoğunluğu asemptomatiktir ve bu nedenle genellikle üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisi sırasında rastlantısal olarak saptanırlar. Gastrik divertiküller hemen her zaman fundusun posteromediyal duvarında yerleşir. Nadiren epigastrik rahatsızık ve epigastrik ağrı yapabilirler. Bu yazımızda, mide büyük kurvaturda yerleşimli gastrik divertikül saptanan, 57 yaşında kadın hasta olgusu sunulmuştur