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449 results on '"BOSSART, GREGORY D."'

1. Temporal Trends in Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) of Indian River Lagoon, Florida and Charleston, South Carolina

Author

Lynch, Katie M, Fair, Patricia A, Houde, Magali, Muir, Derek CG, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Bossart, Gregory D, Bartell, Scott M, and Gribble, Matthew O

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Animals, Bottle-Nosed Dolphin, Female, Florida, Fluorocarbons, Rivers, South Carolina
Abstract

Temporal trends in plasma concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting two geographic areas: Indian River Lagoon, Florida over the years 2003-2015 and the waters surrounding Charleston, South Carolina over 2003-2013, were examined. Nine PFAS met the inclusion criteria for analysis based on percent of values below level of detection and sampling years. Proportionate percentiles parametric quantile regression assuming lognormal distributions was used to estimate the average ratio of PFAS concentrations per year for each chemical. Plasma concentrations decreased over time for perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) in both locations. Perfluorononanoate (PFNA) decreased with time in Indian River Lagoon dolphins. Perfluorododecanoate (PFDoDA) concentrations significantly increased over time among female Indian River Lagoon dolphins. Regulation and phaseout of specific PFAS groups may have led to the decreasing levels of those PFAS and increasing levels of other replacement PFAS.

Published
2019

2. The environment as a driver of immune and endocrine responses in dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Author

Fair, Patricia A, Schaefer, Adam M, Houser, Dorian S, Bossart, Gregory D, Romano, Tracy A, Champagne, Cory D, Stott, Jeffrey L, Rice, Charles D, White, Natasha, and Reif, John S

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Inflammatory and immune system, Animals, Dolphins, Endocrine System, Female, Male, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Immune and endocrine responses play a critical role in allowing animals to adjust to environmental perturbations. We measured immune and endocrine related markers in multiple samples from individuals from two managed-care care dolphin groups (n = 82 samples from 17 dolphins and single samples collected from two wild dolphin populations: Indian River Lagoon, (IRL) FL (n = 26); and Charleston, (CHS) SC (n = 19). The immune systems of wild dolphins were more upregulated than those of managed-care-dolphins as shown by higher concentrations of IgG and increases in lysozyme, NK cell function, pathogen antibody titers and leukocyte cytokine transcript levels. Collectively, managed-care care dolphins had significantly lower levels of transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF, anti-viral MX1 and INFα and regulatory IL-10. IL-2Rα and CD69, markers of lymphocyte activation, were both lower in managed-care care dolphins. IL-4, a cytokine associated with TH2 activity, was lower in managed-care care dolphins compared to the free-ranging dolphins. Differences in immune parameters appear to reflect the environmental conditions under which these four dolphin populations live which vary widely in temperature, nutrition, veterinary care, pathogen/contaminant exposures, etc. Many of the differences found were consistent with reduced pathogenic antigenic stimulation in managed-care care dolphins compared to wild dolphins. Managed-care care dolphins had relatively low TH2 lymphocyte activity and fewer circulating eosinophils compared to wild dolphins. Both of these immunologic parameters are associated with exposure to helminth parasites which is uncommon in managed-care care dolphins. Less consistent trends were observed in a suite of hormones but significant differences were found for cortisol, ACTH, total T4, free T3, and epinephrine. While the underlying mechanisms are likely multiple and complex, the marked differences observed in the immune and endocrine systems of wild and managed-care care dolphins appear to be shaped by their environment.

Published
2017

8. An expert‐based system to predict population survival rate from health data.

Author

Schwacke, Lori H., Thomas, Len, Wells, Randall S., Rowles, Teresa K., Bossart, Gregory D., Townsend, Forrest, Mazzoil, Marilyn, Allen, Jason B., Balmer, Brian C., Barleycorn, Aaron A., Barratclough, Ashley, Burt, Louise, De Guise, Sylvain, Fauquier, Deborah, Gomez, Forrest M., Kellar, Nicholas M., Schwacke, John H., Speakman, Todd R., Stolen, Eric D., and Quigley, Brian M.

Subjects
SURVIVAL rate, BOTTLENOSE dolphin, WILDLIFE conservation, STATISTICAL sampling, WILDLIFE management, MARINE mammals
Abstract

Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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10. An expert‐based system to predict population survival rate from health data

Author

Schwacke, Lori H., primary, Thomas, Len, additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, Rowles, Teresa K., additional, Bossart, Gregory D., additional, Townsend, Forrest, additional, Mazzoil, Marilyn, additional, Allen, Jason B., additional, Balmer, Brian C., additional, Barleycorn, Aaron A., additional, Barratclough, Ashley, additional, Burt, Louise, additional, De Guise, Sylvain, additional, Fauquier, Deborah, additional, Gomez, Forrest M., additional, Kellar, Nicholas M., additional, Schwacke, John H., additional, Speakman, Todd R., additional, Stolen, Eric D., additional, Quigley, Brian M., additional, Zolman, Eric S., additional, and Smith, Cynthia R., additional

Published
2023
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11. Cutaneous granulomas in dolphins caused by novel uncultivated paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Author

Vilela, Raquel, Bossart, Gregory D., St. Leger, Judy A., Dalton, Leslie M., Reif, John S., Schaefer, Adam M., McCarthy, Peter J., Fair, Patricia A., and Mendoza, Leonel

Subjects
Nucleotide sequencing -- Analysis, Genes -- Analysis, Marine mammals -- Analysis, Cladistic analysis -- Analysis, DNA sequencing -- Analysis, Phylogeny -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

The clinical and phenotypic features of the uncultivated agent of lacaziosis/lobomycosis in dolphins suggested that this pathogen was the same organism as Lacazia loboi, which causes skin keloidal-like lesions in [...]

Published
2016
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15. Untargeted plasma metabolomic analysis of wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) indicate protein degradation when in poorer health

Author

Derous, Davina, Kebke, Anna, Fair, Patricia A., Styczynski, Mark, Bossart, Gregory D., Douglas, Alex, Lusseau, David, Derous, Davina, Kebke, Anna, Fair, Patricia A., Styczynski, Mark, Bossart, Gregory D., Douglas, Alex, and Lusseau, David

Abstract

Cumulative exposure to sub-lethal anthropogenic stressors can affect the health and reproduction of coastal cetaceans and hence their population viability. To date, we do not have a clear understanding of the notion of health for cetaceans in an ecological context; that is, how health status affects the ability of individuals to survive and reproduce. Here, we make use of a unique health-monitoring programme of estuarine bottlenose dolphins in South Carolina and Florida to determine de novo changes in biological pathways, using untargeted plasma metabolomics, depending on the health status of individuals obtained from veterinary screening. We found that individuals that were in a poor health state had lower circulating amino acids pointing towards increased involvement of gluconeogenesis (i.e., new formation of glucose). More mechanistic work is needed to disentangle the interconnection between health and energy metabolism in cetaceans to mediate potential metabolic constraints they may face during periods of stress.

Published
2022

30. Comparison of Short-Term Satellite Telemetry and Long-Term Photographic-Identification for Assessing Ranging Patterns of Individual Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Waters Around Charleston, South Carolina, USA

Author

Balmer, Brian C., primary, McCulloch, Stephen D., additional, Speakman, Todd R., additional, Foster, Jeffrey, additional, Hansen, Larry J., additional, McFee, Wayne E., additional, and Bossart, Gregory D., additional

Published
2021
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37. Persistent Organic Pollutants and Mercury in Genetically Identified Inner Estuary Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Residents of the Guayaquil Gulf, Ecuador: Ecotoxicological Science in Support of Pollutant Management and Cetacean Conservation

Author

Alava, Juan José, Calle, Paola, Tirapé, Ana, Biedenbach, George, Cadena, Omar Alvarado, Maruya, Keith, Lao, Wenjian, Aguirre, Windsor, Jiménez, Pedro J., Domínguez, Gustavo A., Bossart, Gregory D., and Fair, Patricia A.

Subjects
human activities
Abstract

The bottlenose dolphin is one of the most common cetaceans found in the coastal waters, estuaries, and mangroves of Ecuador. However, its population size is gradually declining in the Gulf of Guayaquil, and anthropogenic factors including habitat degradation, uncontrolled dolphin watching, dredging activities, increasing maritime traffic, underwater noise, bycatch, and marine pollution have been implicated in their decline. Very little is known about contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury in bottlenose dolphins from the Pacific coast of South America. To address this research gap, the first assessment of total mercury (THg) and POPs, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins in mangroves (El Morro Mangrove Wildlife Refuge) of the Gulf of Guayaquil, was conducted in Ecuador in 2018. Dolphin samples (i.e., skin and blubber;n= 9), were obtained using dart biopsy field methods for contaminant analysis. POP concentrations ranged from 0.56 to 13.0 mg/kg in lipid weight, while THg ranged from 1.92 to 3.63 mg/kg in dry weight. The predominant POPs were OCPs (50% of ΣPOP), followed by PCBs (46%) and PBDEs (6.0%); particularly,p,p′-DDE, the main DDT metabolite and a potent anti-androgenic, accounting for 42% of ΣPOP, ranging from 0.12 to ∼7.0 mg/kg lw, followed by PCB 153 (8.0%) and PCB 180 (5.0%). PBDE 47 accounted for 2.0% of ΣPOP. While the POP concentrations are lower than those found in dolphins from many other regions of the world, some of the THg concentrations are within the concentration range found in dolphins from the southeastern coast of the United States. The ecotoxicological risk assessment showed that some of the sampled dolphins are exposed to immunotoxic and endocrine disruption effects by POPs and mercury. The low genetic diversity of this distinctive dolphin population, likely exhibiting genetic isolation and a unique evolutionary heritage, could be lost if the population continues to decline in the face of anthropogenic threats, including chemical pollution. Our finding shows that bottlenose dolphins in coastal Ecuador are exposed to environmental contaminants and can be used as sentinel species for ecosystem health to monitor pollution in the region and to support ecotoxicological risk assessment and regional pollutant management.

Published
2020

45. Persistent Organic Pollutants and Mercury in Genetically Identified Inner Estuary Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Residents of the Guayaquil Gulf, Ecuador: Ecotoxicological Science in Support of Pollutant Management and Cetacean Conservation

Author

Alava, Juan José, primary, Calle, Paola, additional, Tirapé, Ana, additional, Biedenbach, George, additional, Cadena, Omar Alvarado, additional, Maruya, Keith, additional, Lao, Wenjian, additional, Aguirre, Windsor, additional, Jiménez, Pedro J., additional, Domínguez, Gustavo A., additional, Bossart, Gregory D., additional, and Fair, Patricia A., additional

Published
2020
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