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6 results on '"BORROWING MONEY"'

1. Looking for a Job and Borrowing Money: Uncertainty and the Reliance on Strong Ties.

Author

Hofreiter, Roman and Bahna, Miloslav

Subjects
*CREDIT, *JOB hunting, *UNCERTAINTY, *SOCIAL status, *POSTINDUSTRIAL societies, *SOCIAL networks
Abstract

Analyses regularly document that even in advanced post-industrial societies social networks are relied on when searching for a job or borrowing money, particularly in situations of uncertainty. Our main goal within this paper is to test whether the preference for strong ties when looking for a job and borrowing money varies systematically between individuals and countries. We test if this variability can be explained by experiencing insecurity connected to low social position, or by general uncertainty at the country level—such as uncertainty connected to perceived corruption and a low level of interpersonal trust. Our analysis therefore combines individual level data from the ISSP 2017 Social networks module with country level contextual variables. We find support for a clear link between the reliance on strong ties and personal as well as country level uncertainty in the case of looking for a job. With borrowing money, the link between low social position and reliance on strong ties remains strong, while the impact of society level measures of uncertainty is less clear. We ascribe this to the exclusion of people with low social status from formal financial services regardless of the overall level of uncertainty in a country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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4. Terence, Phormio v. 778–782 – A Commentary on the Passage

Author

Pieczonka, Joanna and Pieczonka, Joanna

Abstract

The passage from the Terentian comedy Phormio, v. 778–782, contains few interesting expressions, which are described in the article. First of all this short commentary examines the meaning of the Latin noun versura, attested in line no. 780. Versura is used in Phormio in a phrase vosuram solvere, which may mean to solve the loan agreement or to pay off the loan. Other phrases in the presented passage create a context for our analysed noun, especially: in eodem luto haesitas – you are getting stuck in the same mud. This proverbial expression emphasizes repetition of the situation and has probably the same iterative meaning as versuram solvere. Therefore we may assume, that versuram solvere means in the play: borrowing money on interest to pay a previous debt. The whole image of repeated problems is being summarized by the character of the play saying: plagae crescunt – the number of lashes increases. This expression is to show the gradation of the troublesand it proves, that also versura must include some kind of gradation, i. e. the growth of interest. The article shows phraseology, which is employed to depict slave’s action – proverbial and legal expressions are used to build a metaphor in the character’s utterance. This metaphor is built by all of the mentioned expressions in eodem luto haesitas, vorsuram solves, plagae crescunt. The first two expressions start the figure called climax and plagae crescunt summarizes this stylistic device. Moreover this whole image has been used by Terence to demonstrate the progress of the complex plot in the play – the slave has already carried on two intrigues and to avoid the consequences of his actions he might make the third fraud.

Published
2016

5. Financial Capability in Colombia : Results from a National Survey on Financial Behaviors, Attitudes, and Knowledge

Author

Reddy, Rekha, Bruhn, Miriam, and Tan, Congyan

Subjects
MONEY MANAGEMENT, DAILY EXPENSES, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY, EXCESSIVE DEBT, DEPOSIT, PROSPERITY, INFLATION, YOUNG PEOPLE, CREDIT CARD, DEPOSIT INSURANCE, INCOME, FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, FINANCIAL CONCEPTS, DISPOSABLE INCOME, CREDIT PRODUCT, GOVERNMENT PENSION, SAVINGS SERVICES, POINT-OF-SALE, FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE, DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS, MORTGAGE, UNEXPECTED EXPENSE, BANK ACCOUNTS, FINANCIAL MARKETS, RESPONSIBILITIES, AUTOMATIC DEDUCTIONS, PENSIONS, FINANCIAL MATTERS, QUESTIONNAIRE, HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING, INCOMES, INHERITANCE, INVESTMENT PRODUCTS, REMITTANCE, FINANCIAL CHOICES, INFORMAL SAVINGS, RECEIPT, VALUABLE, FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT, BORROWING MONEY, DEBIT CARDS, RETIREMENT, INDEBTEDNESS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, ACCESS POINTS, INTEREST RATES, MORTGAGES, INCOME LEVELS, INFORMAL SAVING, BANKING RELATIONSHIP, LOAN REPAYMENT, FINANCIAL SERVICES, DEBTS, FINANCIAL DECISION, BASIC FINANCIAL SERVICES, MONEY MANAGERS, FINANCIAL LITERACY, VALUE OF MONEY, LOAN PORTFOLIO, CONSUMERS, LOW-INCOME, FINANCIAL BEHAVIORS, MICROCREDIT, EMPLOYEE, INFORMAL WORKERS, BANK ACCOUNT, FINANCIAL PRODUCT, SAVINGS PRODUCT, MONTHLY INCOME, PAWNSHOPS, FINANCIAL ACCOUNT, FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR, KEY CHALLENGES, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, LIABILITY, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INFORMAL BORROWING, CURRENCY, HOUSEHOLDS, DIVERSIFICATION, FORMAL WORKFORCE, EMPLOYER, FINANCIAL REFORM, BANKS, CONSUMER, EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS, INCOME LEVEL, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, BORROWING, LOAN, AMOUNT OF INCOME, MUTUAL FUNDS, SECURITIES, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM, EDUCATION LEVEL, KNOWLEDGE LEVEL, REPAYMENT, FORMAL FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY, FINANCIAL PLANS, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER, PENSION ACCOUNTS, BUDGETING, INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, FINANCIAL CONSUMER, FINANCIAL CONSUMERS, SAVERS, MASS MEDIA, DEBTORS, FINANCIAL LITERACY SURVEY, GENDER, TIMELY PAYMENTS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, FINANCIAL ASSETS, SINGLE PARENTS, COMPOUND INTEREST, EDUCATIONAL LEVELS, FORM OF SAVINGS, CREDIT CARDS, HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL DECISIONS, LOW-INCOME INDIVIDUALS, HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES, LESS FINANCIALLY LITERATE, EDUCATION TRUST, LIFE-CYCLE EVENTS, YOUNG ADULTS, DEBT LOADS, FORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, BENEFICIARIES, STAKEHOLDERS, SAVINGS PRODUCTS, FINANCIAL EDUCATION, SALE, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS, SOURCE OF INFORMATION, CALCULATIONS, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, FAMILY MEMBER, CONSUMER PROTECTION, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, CHECKING ACCOUNT, LIFE EVENTS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, FINANCIAL BURDEN, HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL DECISION, GENERAL POPULATION, INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, CALCULATION, FORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, CONSUMER BEHAVIOR, FINANCIAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS, SAVING MONEY, CONCEPT OF COMPOUND INTEREST, UNEXPECTED EXPENSES, SOUND FINANCIAL DECISION, CONTRIBUTION, PAWNSHOP, DEBT, LOW INCOME, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, CONTRIBUTIONS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, MARKETING, FAMILY MEMBERS, FINANCIAL PRODUCTS, ACCESS TO FINANCE, CHECKING ACCOUNTS, CENTRAL BANK, INCOME GROUP, COMPARISON SHOPPING, SAVINGS ACCOUNT, FINANCIAL GOALS, SAVING BEHAVIOR, LOWER-INCOME INDIVIDUALS, FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, FINANCES, WOMAN, REMITTANCES, PROBABILITY, BEST PRACTICES, FINANCIAL SOPHISTICATION, FINANCIAL STABILITY, INSURANCE, AMOUNT OF MONEY, EMPLOYER PENSION, LOWER INCOME, BANK LOANS, LIFE INSURANCE, PERSONAL FINANCE, FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, ECONOMIC POLICY, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, OUTSTANDING DEBT, BANK BRANCHES, LOW-INCOME GROUP, ACCESS TO CREDIT, EXPENDITURES, FINANCIAL ACCESS, DEBT MANAGEMENT, INFORMAL CREDIT, CONSUMER CREDIT, ALTERNATIVE BANKING, INTERNATIONAL BANK, RESPONSIBLE FINANCIAL DECISIONS, CREDIT PRODUCTS, LIMITED ACCESS, MICROINSURANCE, LOW-INCOME GROUPS, COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE, SOUND FINANCIAL DECISIONS, LABOR FORCE, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, SAVINGS, DEBT BURDEN, OUTREACH, INTEREST RATE
Abstract

Colombian authorities have made financial inclusion a core element of the country's socioeconomic development. The Central Bank of Colombia (BRC) requested support from the World Bank to develop and execute a nationally representative survey on financial capability. This report covers the first nationally representative study to detail the financial behavior, attitudes, and knowledge that comprise financial capability. One complementary national study is the annual Household Financial Burden and Education Survey (IEFIC) jointly undertaken by the BRC and the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE). This report provides insights on consumer behavior, attitudes, and knowledge relevant to initiatives promoting financial education and financial inclusion. Preliminary insights from this study have been used in developing the National Strategy on Social and Economic Policy (CONPES) document outlining the strategy for financial education in Colombia. There is an ongoing debate over measures that will codify a national financial education strategy into law. This report has following four objectives: (i) to provide empirical evidence on the financial behavior, attitudes, and knowledge of the Colombian population; (ii) to support the design of public policies to enhance both knowledge about and the quality of financial services; (iii) to highlight vulnerabilities and gaps in particular segments of the population with the goal of improving and focusing public policies and interventions where they are most needed; and (iv) to provide a basis for international comparison with other countries for which these data are available. This report describes a baseline measure of the financial capability of the Colombian adult population and highlights key results from the first national survey. This report is organized as follows: chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two describes key findings related to daily money management and financial planning behaviors and attitudes. Chapter three examines decisions related to the use of financial products and level of financial knowledge. Chapter four summarizes key behaviors and attitudes into financial capability scores, facilitating the creation of profiles and comparisons among different segments of the population. Chapter five presents international comparisons. Chapter six examines the relationship between financial capability, financial knowledge, and financial inclusion. Chapter seven provides policy recommendations related to the key challenges to financial capability identified in the report.

Published
2013

6. Elements of Credit Policy By the Byzantine Laws VII and VII Century (Eclogue, Agricultural Law and Shipping Law)

Author

Simonovic, Zoran

Subjects
mortgage, antihreza, borrowing money, loan, Financial Economics
Abstract

The author introduces us to elements of the credit policy that applied in the Byzantine Empire during the seventh and eighth centuries. Credit policy is provided through the legal texts eclogue, agrarian law and Maritime Law. The creation of the credit policy was one of the inevitable development of economic life segments of the Empire of this age. The paper gives some credit policy institutes. These are: mortgage, mortgage loans, mortgages, antihreza, borrowing money. Finally, the author concludes that these laws maintain continuity in the development of credit relations with the Roman law. Observed in the general credit policies in these three laws are not much changed from the Justinian codification.

Published
2011
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