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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a single bout of upper body wingate anaerobic power and capacity test (WAnT) on hemorheology (erythrocyte deformability, aggregation) and total oxidant/antioxidant status (TOS/TAS) in untrained individuals. Materials and methods: Fourteen sedentary healthy men ( mean age 21.86±0.55 years) performed upper body 30 s Wingate Test. Blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the exercise within 1 minute. Hemorheological parameters were determined by an ektacytometer. TOS/TAS were measured using a commercial kit and blood lactate concentration was determined by a lactate analyzer. Results: There were statistically significant decrements in RBC deformability determined at 9 shear stresses between 0.3 and 30 Pa (p0.05). Conclusion: These data show that one session of upper body WAnT has acute effects on circulation by reducing red blood cell (RBC) deformability and increasing erythrocyte aggregation. Altered hemorheological parameters may be explained by the oxidative stress enhancing effect of exercise.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate theevidence of systemic oxidative stress and genotoxicity (DNA damage) in patientswith exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Material-Method: The study comprised26 patients with exudative AMD (68.9±1.9 years of age) and 26 age- andsex-matched (64.8±2.2 years of age) healthy controls (p=0.268, p=0.258,respectively). Serum totalantioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured with acommercial kit. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. DNA damage was evaluatedusing comet analysis following lymphocyte isolation from venous blood.Parameters including tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM) were evaluated forquantitative analysis of DNA damage. Results:The AMD group had lower TAS andhigher OSI values than in the control group, while TOS values did not differbetween the two groups (p=0.006, p=0.039, p=0.319, respectively). Furthermore,TL (p, Amaç: Bu çalışmanınamacı eksudatif yaşa bağlı makula dejenerasyonu (YBMD) olan hastalarda sistemikoksidatif stres ve genotoksisite (DNA hasarı) bulgularını araştırmaktır.Materyal-metod:Çalışmaya eksudatif YBMD'li 26 hasta (68.9±1.9 yaş) ve 26 yaş ve cinsiyetuyumlu (64.8±2.2 yaş) sağlıklı kontrol grubu (p=0.268, p=0.258) alındı. Serum totalantioksidan durumu (TAS) ve total oksidan durumu (TOS) ticari bir kitkullanılarak ölçüldü. Oksidatif stres indeksi (OSİ) hesaplandı. DNA hasarı,venöz tam kandan lenfosit izolasyonunu takiben Comet (kuyruklu yıldız) analizikullanılarak değerlendirildi. Kuyruk uzunluğu (TL) ve kuyruk momenti (TM) dahilolmak üzere parametreler, DNA hasarının kantitatif analizi içindeğerlendirildi.Bulgular: YBMD grubundakontrol grubuna göre daha düşük TAS ve daha yüksek OSİ değerleri mevcut iken,TOS değerleri iki grup arasında farklılık göstermedi (p=0.006, p=0.039, p=0.319,sırasıyla). Ayrıca, YBMD grubunda TL (p

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a single bout of upper body WAnT on hemorheology (erythrocyte deformability, aggregation) and total oxidant/antioxidant status (TOS/TAS) in untrained individuals.Materials and Methods: Fourteen sedentary healthy men (age 21.86±0.55 years) performed upper body 30 s Wingate Test. Blood was collected before and following the exercise. Hemorheological parameters were determined by an ektacytometer. TOS/TAS were measured using a commercial kit and blood lactate concentration was determined by a lactate analyzer.Results: One session of upper body WAnT has acute effects on circulation by reducing red blood cell (RBC) deformability and increasing erythrocyte aggregation, lactate concentration and TOS in sedentary individuals.Conclusion: Altered hemorheological parameters may be explained by the oxidative stress enhancing effect of exercise., Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı sedanter bireylerde tek seans uygulanan üst ekstremite WanT’ın hemoreoloji (eritrosit deformabilite, aggregasyon) ve total oksidan/antioksidan durum (TOS/TAS) üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: 30 sn’lik üst ekstremite Wingate testine 14 sedanter sağlıklı erkek (ort yaş 21,86±0,55 yıl) birey dahil edilmiştir. Egzersizden önce ve sonra kan örnekleri toplanmıştır. Hemoreolojik parametreler ektasitometre ile değerlendirilmiştir. TOS/TAS ticari bir kit aracılığıyla ve kan laktat konsantrasyonu ise laktat analizörü ile ölçülmüştür.Bulgular: Tek seans uygulanan üst ekstremite WanT’ın sedanter bireylerde ertirosit deformabilitesini azaltması ve eritrosit agregasyonu, laktat konsantrasyonu ve TOS düzeyini arttırması dolaşım üzerindeki akut etkileridir. Sonuç: Hemoreolojik parametrelerdeki değişim, egzersizin oksidatif stresi arttırıcı etkisi ile açıklanabilir.

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is defined as elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration associated with normal serum-free thyroxine levels. Effects of hypothyroidism on hemorheology had widely attracted the attention of researchers during the last decade. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine alterations in hemorheological parameters and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in children with SH. Methods: Fifty-three SH children and 31 healthy controls were enrolled. Erythrocyte deformability and aggregation were determined by an ektacytometer and plasma viscosity (PV) by a cone-plate rotational viscometer. CIMT was evaluated sonographically. Results: Erythrocyte deformability of the SH group measured at 0.53 and 1.69-30 Pa was lower than that of the control group. The erythrocyte aggregation index, aggregation half time and PV were not different between the groups. However, the aggregation amplitude and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in SH compared to the control group. There was a negative correlation between TSH and deformability values measured at 5.33-30.0 Pa. CIMT in patients with SH was significantly higher than in the control group (p = 0.001; SH = 0.48 ± 0.04 mm, control group = 0.43 ± 0.03 mm). Conclusion: Impaired hemorheology and increased CIMT are well-known risk factors for developing cardiovascular pathologies. The results of the current study suggest the treatment of children with SH in order to avoid early circulatory problems. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

WOS: 000360810100080 Background: We aimed to determine the effects of exercise followed by detraining on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) expression, and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to explain the role of carbon monoxide (CO) in this process. Material/Methods: Animals were randomized into exercised and detrained groups. Corresponding sedentary rats were grouped as Time 1–2. Swimming of 60 min/5 days/week for 10 weeks was applied. Detraining rats discontinued training for an additional 5 weeks. Gene and protein expressions were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: Aorta HO-2 histological scores (HSCORE) of hypertensive rats were lower, while SBP was higher. Swimming caused enhancement of HO-2 immunostaining in aorta endothelium and adventitia of SHR. Exercise induced elevation of blood COHb index in SHR. Synchronous BP lowering effect of exercise was observed. HO-2 mRNA expression, HSCORE, and blood COHb index were unaltered during detraining, while SBP was still low in SHR. Conclusions: CO synthesized by HO-2 at least partly plays a role in SBP regulation in the SHR- and BP-lowering effect of exercise. Regular exercise with short-term pauses may be advised to both hypertensives and individuals who are at risk.

Erken, Gülten (Balikesir Author), The harmful effects of aging on blood rheology have been well known. These effects in the aging have been found to be associated with an increase in oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to seek whether treatment of vitamin E as a potent antioxidant could improve the age-related haemorheological abnormalities. For this purpose, male Wistar rats at the age of 3 and 24 months were used. The following parameters were evaluated: red blood cell (RBC) deformability, aggregation, plasma viscosity, vitamin E level, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI), and the following results were obtained. First, aging was associated with a decrease in RBC deformability and increase in RBC aggregation and plasma viscosity. Second, compared with the young group, while plasma TOS levels and OSI were found to be significantly increased in aged rats, there was no significant change in their plasma TAS level. Third, vitamin E administration produced significant improvement in RBC deformability and decrement in TOS and OSI values in aged rats with respect to young and aged control groups. We did not find any significant effect of vitamin E treatment on RBC aggregation in both young and aged rats and finally, we found a significantly lower plasma vitamin E level in aged rats than in young rats. In conclusion, these findings suggest that blood rheology impairs with age and vitamin E has ameliorating effects on age-induced haemorheological abnormalities especially in RBC deformability, probably by reducing the increased oxidative stress in old age.

Sülfit, vücutta kükürt içeren amino asitlerin metabolizması sırasında endojen olarak üretilen, ayrıca koruyucu amaçla besin ve ilaç endüstrisinde yaygın şekilde kullanılan bir bileşiktir. Eritrositlerin vücutta sülfitin etkilerine en fazla maruz kalan hücreler arasında olduğu düşünülür. Bu çalışmada sülfit donoru sodyum metabisülfitin ortalama eritrosit hacmi, ortalama eritrosit hemoglobin konsantrasyonu ve hücre içi serbest kalsiyum konsantrasyonu üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sağlıklı, 10 erkek denekden alınan kan örnekleri 1 saat süresince 5, 10 ve 20 mM sodyum metabisülfit’le inkübe edilmiştir. Ortalama eritrosit hacmi ve ortalama eritrosit hemoglobin konsantrasyonu elektronik bir hematoloji analizörü kullanılarak saptanmış, eritrosit sitozolik kalsiyum konsantrasyonu David Dufilho ve arkadaşlarının metoduna göre belirlenmiştir. 5 mM sodyum metabisülfitle inkübasyon Ortalama eritrosit hacmi ve ortalama eritrosit hemoglobin konsantrasyonunda bir değişikliğe sebep olmamıştır. 10 ve 20 mM sodyum metabisülfit Ortalama eritrosit hacminde kontrol grubuna göre doz bağımlı bir artışa, ortalama eritrosit hemoglobin konsantrasyonunda ise azalmaya sebep olmuştur. sodyum metabisülfitle inkübasyon herhangi bir dozda eritrosit içi kalsiyum konsantrasyonunu etkilememiştir. Bu bulgular, sodyum metabisülfitle inkübasyonun Ortalama eritrosit hacmi ve ortalama eritrosit hemoglobin konsantrasyonunda yol açtığı değişikliklerde kalsiyum iyonunun rolü olmadığını düşündürmektedir. (Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi, 2008;1:21-25)., Sulfites are continuously formed in the body during metabolism of sulfur-containing aminoacids.Erythrocytes may be considered to be among the most susceptible cells to sulfite’s effects. This studyaimed at investigating the effect of sulfite on mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin concentration andintraerytrocytic calcium concentration. Erythrocytes were incubated with 5, 10 and 20 mM sodiummetabisulfite. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration weremeasured using an electronic hematology analyzer and cytosolic calcium concentration in RBC wasdetermined using a method modified from David-Dufilho et al. While incubation with 5 mM sodiummetabisulfite did not cause any alteration in Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscularhemoglobin concentration, 10 and 20 mM sodium metabisulfite resulted in an increase in meancorpuscular volume and a decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in a dosedependentmanner. Sodium metabisulfite used in the concentrations here, did not affectintraerytrocytic calcium concentration. The results of this study indicate that, Ca++ ion may not takepart in the alterations in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrationcaused by sodium metabisulfite.

Metabolik sendrom (MetS); diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalık ve erken ölüm riskini arttıran bir endokrinopatolojik durumdur. MetS gelişimini engellemek, hastalığın kontrolünü sağlamak için egzersiz önerilmektedir. Bununla beraber, MetS’li bireylerde uzun süreli yüzme egzersizinin ve ardından egzersize ara verme sürecinin (detraining) kan reolojisine ve oksidatif strese etkileri bilinmemektedir. Mevcut tez kapsamında monosodyum glutamat (MSG) ile MetS oluşturulan sıçanlarda 18 haftalık yüzme egzersizi ve 8 hafta detraining sürecinin HDL, LDL, Trigliserit (TG), Total kolesterol, insülin, insülin direnci, eritrosit deformabilitesi, otolog ve standart tam kan viskozitesi (TKV), plazma viskozitesi (PV) ve oksidatif stres üzerindeki etkilerinin aydınlatılması amaçlanmıştır. MetS oluşturmak için yenidoğan sıçanlara 2-10 gün arasında, gün aşırı 4mg/g MSG subkutan enjekte edilmiştir. Egzersiz protokolü 3 gün/hafta, 30 dk %5 vücut ağırlığıyla birlikte 18 hafta olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Detraining için sıçanların 8 hafta boyunca kafeslerinde serbestçe dolaşmalarına izin verilmiştir. Eritrosit deformabilitesi bir ektasitometre aracılığıyla, TKV ve PV bir cone-plate viskometre ile, total oksidan-antioksidan kapasite (TOS-TAS), plazma HDL, LDL, TG, total kolesterol ve insülin değerleri ticari kitlerle ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar ortalama±SS olarak verilmiş, istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerimiz MetS’in başarıyla oluşturulduğunu göstermektedir. Sağlıklı sıçanlarla MetS’liler arasında TKV açısından bir fark saptanmamıştır. Yüzme egzersizi TKV’de değişikliğe sebep olmamış, ancak; sağlıklı sıçanlarda 8 haftalık detraining hem otolog hem de standart Htk’de ölçülen TKV’de artışa sebep olmuştur. Bu grupta Htk değeri de yüksek bulunmuştur. Mets grubu zaman 2 (MGZ2)’nin PV’si kontrol grubu zaman 2 (KGZ2)’den düşük bulunmuştur. Gruplar arasında eritrosit deformabilitesi ve TOS değerleri açısından bir fark gözlenmezken, sağlıklı sıçanlarda uygulanan egzersiz protokolünün antioksidan kapasitede artışa sebep olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sağlıklı sıçanlarda TAS değerindeki artış egzersizin bırakılmasıyla devam etmiştir. MSG uygulanmış sıçanlarda da yüzme egzersizi TAS’da artışa sebep olmuştur. Gruplar arasında oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) açısından fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuçlarımız uzun süreli yüzme egzersiz eğitiminin MetS’lilerde faydalı olabileceğini, antioksidan seviyeleri artırarak olası komplikasyonların önlenmesinde olumlu katkıları olabileceğini göstermektedir. 8 haftalık detraining egzersizle elde edilen kazanımların bir kısmının geri dönmesine sebep olduğundan egzersizin yaşam boyu sürdürülmesi önerilir. Metabolic syndrome (MetS); is an endocrinopathological condition that increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Exercise is recommended to prevent the development of MetS and to control the disease. However, the effects of long-term swimming exercise and subsequent detraining on blood rheology and oxidative stress in individuals with MetS are unknown. Within the scope of the present thesis, HDL, LDL, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, insülin levels, insulin resistance, erythrocyte deformability, whole blood viscosity (WBV) in autologous and standard hematocrit, plasma viscosity (PV) and oxidative stress were determined in rats with MetS induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) injection, following 18 weeks of swimming exercise and 8 weeks of detraining process. 4mg/g MSG was injected to neonatal rats subcutaneously on days 2-10, every other day to form MetS. The exercise protocol was applied 3 days/week 30 minutes, with 5% body weight, for 18 weeks. Rats were allowed to live freely in their cages for 8 weeks for detraining. Erythrocyte deformability was measured with an ektacytometer, WBV and PV with a cone-plate viscometer, total oxidant-antioxidant capacity (TOS-TAS), plasma HDL, LDL, TG, total cholesterol and insulin values were measured with commercial kits. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and were compared statistically. Our data shows that MetS was successfully formed. There was no difference in terms of WBV between control and rats with MetS. Swimming exercise did not cause any change in WBV, however; 8-week detraining caused an increase in WBV measured in both autologous and standard Hct in healthy rats. Hct was also increased in this group. PV of mets group time 2 (MGZ2) group was lower than control group time 2 (KGZ2). While there was no difference in erythrocyte deformability and TOS values between the groups, it was observed that the exercise protocol applied caused an increase in antioxidant capacity in healthy rats. The increase in TAS of healthy rats continued with the cessation of exercise. Swimming exercise also caused an increase in TAS in MSG injected rats. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was not altered. Our results demonstrate that, long-term swimming exercise may be beneficial in MetS, and may have positive contributions in preventing the development of its possible complications by increasing antioxidant levels, thus reducing oxidative stress. Since some of the gains of exercise are reversed by detraining of 8 weeks, lifetime exercise may be recommended. Bu çalışma, PAU Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje no: 2018SABE033)

Nordic walking (NW) egzersizi batonlarla yapılan, dolayısıyla üst ekstremitenin de harekete katılımını sağlayarak alt ekstremiteye binen yükü azaltan, daha fazla kas grubunu çalıştıran popüler bir egzersiz türüdür. Diabetes mellitus gelişimini engellemek, hastalığın kontrolünü sağlamak için egzersiz önerilmektedir. Bununla beraber, prediyabetik bireylerde uzun süreli NW egzersiz eğitiminin diyabet gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri bilinmemektedir. Tez kapsamında, 40-65 yaşlarındaki prediyabetik kadınlarda NW egzersizinin insülin direnci, eritrosit deformabilitesi, adipokin düzeyleri ve oksidatif stres üzerindeki etkilerinin aydınlatılması amaçlanmıştır. Prediyabetik bireylere (n=16) maksimum kalp hızının %65'inde, 3 gün/hafta, 12 haftalık ilerleyici NW egzersizi uygulanmış ve sonuçlar sağlıklı bireylerle (n=14) karşılaştırılmıştır. Prediyabet tanısı almış bireylerde eritrosit deformabilitesi bir ektasitometre aracılığıyla, total oksidan-antioksidan kapasite, serum adipokin değerleri ticari kitlerle ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar ortalama±standart hata (SH) olarak verilmiştir. İstatistiksel analiz için, varyans Analizi, Friedman testi, Spearman ya da Pearson korelasyon analizi ve Ki kare testi kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan NW egzersizi hastaların kilo vermesine, bel, kalça, uyluk, göğüs çevreleri, vücut yağ yüzdelerinde azalmaya sebep olmuştur. Prediyabetik hastaların başlangıç açlık kan şekeri, serum insülin ve HbA1c düzeyleri sağlıklı gruptan yüksek iken, uygulanan egzersiz programı bu parametrelerin kontrol değerlerine dönmesine yol açmıştır. Egzersiz prediyabetik bireylerin eritrosit deformabilitesinde akut ve uzun süreli artışlara sebep olmuştur. Prediyabetik bireylerde ilk egzersiz seansı akut etkiyle total oksidan kapasite ve oksidatif stres indeksinde azalma oluşturmuştur. Serum adipokin düzeylerinde herhangi bir değişiklik saptanmamıştır. Sonuçlarımız NW egzersiz eğitiminin prediyabetik bireylerde diyabet gelişiminin önlenmesinde faydalı olabileceğini, doku kanlanmasını düzenlemek ve akut dönemde oksidatif stresi azaltmak suretiyle olası komplikasyonların gelişmesinin önlenmesinde olumlu katkıları olabileceğini göstermektedir. Nordic walking (NW) exercise is a popular type of exercise performed with batons, thus enabling the upper extremity to participate in the movement, reducing the load on the lower extremity and resulting in the involvement of large muscle groups. Exercise is recommended to prevent the development of diabetes mellitus and to control the disease. However, the effects of long-term NW exercise on the development of diabetes in prediabetic individuals are unknown. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of NW on insulin resistance, erythrocyte deformability, adipokine levels, oxidative stress in prediabetic women aged 40-65 years. Prediabetic individuals (n=16) underwent progressive NW exercise at 65% of maximal heart rate 3 days/week, 12 weeks, and the results were compared with control (n=14). Erythrocyte deformability was measured with a ektacytometer, total oxidant-antioxidant capacity, serum adipokines were determined by commercial kits in individuals diagnosed with prediabetes. Results are given as mean±standard error (SE). Variance analysis, Friedman test, Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis, Chi square test were used for statistics. NW exercise caused patients to lose weight, decreased body fat percentage, waist, hips, thighs, chest circumferences. While the initial fasting blood glucose, insulin and HbA1c levels of the prediabetic patients were higher than the control group, the exercise program caused return of these parameters to the control values. Exercise caused acute and prolonged increases in erythrocyte deformability of prediabetic individuals. The first exercise session in prediabetic individuals caused decrease in total oxidative capacity and oxidative stress index acutely. No change in serum adipokines was detected. Our results show that NW exercise can be beneficial in preventing the development of diabetes in prediabetic individuals, it can contribute to the development of possible complications by regulating tissue blood supply and acutrly reducing oxidative stress. 96