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Cultivation of varieties and hybrids of grain crops with the use of scientific technologies with elements of biologization helps to preserve biodiversity and reduce the negative impact on the environment, while simultaneously solving the grain-food problem and providing consumers of the world market with high-quality grain products, especially in conditions of climate change. The article examines Ukraine's prospects on the world market of corn grain and outlines ways to increase the efficiency of its production, taking into account the global challenges and threats of today. The purpose of the article is to establish the long-term dynamics of sown areas, production and yield of maize in Ukraine, ways to increase the export potential of Ukrainian maize based on the complex implementation of high-yielding hybrids and scientific technologies with elements of biologization in the conditions of the negative impact of climate change and other stress factors. The methodological approach takes into account the general concepts of the development and features of agrarian production based on the use of data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United States Department of Agriculture, United Nations, Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine and State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Statistical data on the world production and export of maize grain, the dynamics of sown areas, production and yield of maize in Ukraine are demonstrated, which directly focus attention on the competitiveness of Ukrainian maize on the world grain market. These arguments are confirmed by the analytical results, which show that in 2022, despite the negative impact of the climatic factors and a full-scale armed attack by the russian federation, Ukraine entered the top five global producers and the top four global exporters of maize grain. Conceptually identified key problems, the solution of which will ensure further growth of maize productivity in different soil-climatic conditions. For the effective production of grain maize, a number of adaptation measures are proposed to overcome the negative impact of climate change and other stress factors, which consist in the complex application of high-yielding hybrids and environmentally safe technologies, which include: the use of plant residues with the use of modern biodestructors for the maximum use of their natural mass, which along with the implementation of scientifically based crop rotations, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, will contribute to the preservation of biodiversity and the solution of the grain-food problem in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal mycobacterioses, unlike those in humans, are not in the focus of veterinary science and practice for various reasons. This fact, as well as some others, including the growing incidence of human mycobacteriosis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria involved in the sensitisation of productive animals, is an objective, albeit indirect, indication of the existing problem of mycobacteriosis in veterinary medicine. This study employed the comparative geographical and epizootological methods of analysis. The findings obtained from the publications of scientists from around the world helped to summarise and objectively assess the severity of the epizootic situation regarding mycobacteriosis in animals in the world and in Ukraine, to identify a range of features of the infectious and epizootic processes, and to establish the dominant aetiopathogenetic criteria for this infection in animal populations. Animal mycobacteriosis is the subject of detailed scientific research in most countries of the world, as this disease is widespread among productive and unproductive (domestic and wild) animals, as well as the fish fauna of sea and river waters. It was found that the most common causative agents of mycobacteriosis are nontuberculous mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium complex, M. abscessus complex, M. kansasii, and M. fortuitum, and some others. In Ukraine, animal mycobacteriosis is not given due attention, even though parallergic reactions to tuberculin in cattle lead to complications in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. They cause considerable losses in dairy farming due to the culling and slaughter of highly productive cows. Identification of aetiopathogenetic patterns of paraallergic reactions to tuberculin in productive animals is a key to effective control and management of the epizootic process of animal mycobacteriosis and reduction of biohazards of human infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria through food of animal origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to establish long-term dynamics and ways to increase the yield and quality of grain products in the conditions of unstable moistening in Ukraine based on the use of modern cost-effective and ecologically safe technologies, which include: scientifically based crop rotations with the effective use of highly productive and competitive varieties and hybrids of grain and leguminous crops, optimal combination of mineral and organic fertilizers with the use of by-products of the predecessors - straw of winter wheat, spring barley and peas, as well as stalks of corn. It was found that during 2016-2022, when applying the organo-mineral fertilization system, there was a rapid increase in yield compared to the control option without fertilizer application: winter wheat and corn for grain - by 17%, peas - by 30%, spring barley - by 32%; increase of all productivity indicators of short crop rotation - by 20-24%. When using an organic fertilization system, an increase in quality indicators is noted: in the grain of winter wheat and peas - protein, in the grain of corn and spring barley -digestible protein and starch. It was determined that the cultivation of highly productive and competitive corn for grain and winter wheat in a short crop rotation, as well as the reduction of costs when applying an organic fertilization system with the introduction of by-products of the predecessors, ensured the highest conditionally net profit - 12.8 thousand UAH/ha, as well as a high level of profitability - 121%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the prospects of Ukraine on the world grain market and ways to increase the efficiency of maize cultivation using environmentally safe technologies in the conditions of the negative impact of climate change and other stress factors. The methodological approach takes into account the peculiarities of agrarian production based on the use of data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, United States Department of Agriculture, United Nations, Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine and State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The dynamics of world production and export of maize grain, sown areas, production and yield of maize in Ukraine are demonstrated, which directly focuses attention on the competitiveness of Ukrainian maize on the world grain market. These arguments are confirmed by analytical results, which show that in 2022, among the world leaders of maize grain producers, Ukraine took fifth place, and among exporters - fourth. In order to mitigate the impact of climate change and other stress factors on the effective production and export of Ukrainian maize, adaptation measures are proposed, which consist in the application of modern technologies, which include: optimization of the structure of sown areas and scientifically based crop rotations with the effective use of competitive varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, the use of soil protective tillage, sideration and mulching, irrigation systems, and also the productive use of plant residues with the application of modern biodestructors. Their comprehensive implementation will contribute to the development of maize yield, grain quality, preservation of biodiversity and the solution of the grain-food problem in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is established that at the beginning of the 21st century due to significant exploitation of land resources of Ukraine, there was a violation of ecological balance in natural agroecosystems, intensified erosion and other degradation processes in soil, which now reached the highest level in the world. Due to the reduction in the use of organic fertilizers, the use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides has exceeded the permissible limits, which has led to pollution of soils, the environment and agricultural products with harmful chemicals. Currently, the use of physiological and genetic characteristics of crops belonging to different biological groups plays an important role in agrarian production in Ukraine. Along with the productive use of the genetic potential of crops, the use of modern innovative technologies, in particular the elements of biologization in organic farming, is of great importance. These include the systematic use of scientifically sound crop rotations, the use of optimal rates of organic and mineral fertilizers, green manure, post-harvest crops, biohumus, and minimize tillage. With increasing aridity of the climate, they adapt to new climatic conditions due to the accumulation and preservation of moisture, which is an effective measure in regulating soil water regime in the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine. It was found that among the elements of biologization, the maximum use of natural mass of surface and root crop residues and by-products of crops -- cereal straw, tops and stalks of corn and sunflower, root crop buds and green manure -- is effective. Along with increasing the production of competitive agricultural products of better quality, their use ensures the efficient use of land resources, preservation and reproduction of soil fertility, improving the ecological state of the environment. It is determined that the use of plant residues actualizes the use of modern biodestructors, which are adapted to different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine and technologies for cultivation crops. Of great importance in the production of corn for grain is the use of effective biodestructors of stubble Ecostern and Cellulad. Such studies are gaining relevance in the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine, especially in climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To define the factors of managing the potential of moisture resources, the regularities of accumulation and use of moisture from soil by agricultural crops while cultivating them in the system of different crop rotations in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The comparative assessment of the productivity of cereal-hoed 10-field rotation demonstrated that in 2010–2015 the yield of dry substance of the main product increased 1.35 times, the yield of fodder units –1.28 times, and that of cereals – 1.23 times. The fraction of the yield of dry substance was 12 % from the total yield which was 2.3 times higher as compared to 1965–1969. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in 5- field cereal-hoed rotation promoted the increase in the yield of fodder units by 35.7 %, cereal units – by 29.1 %. The highest yield from the fertilizers introduced was obtained for tillage, where the yield of fodder and cereal units increased by 56.6 and 60.7 % respectively. Short crop rotations had higher productivity: strong direct correlation (R>0.70) was found between the accumulation of energy in dry substance and the yield of dry substance, fodder and cereal units and the accumulation of energy per 10 t of the moisture used. Regression coefficients for the variables: dry substance, fodder and cereal units, dry substance per 10 t of moisture in the dependence equations were 3.06, 1.25, 7.25 and 2.89 times higher as compared to long crop rotations. It demonstrated the 2.59-fold higher efficiency of forming productivity in short crop rotations and using the total moisture circulation as compared to long crop rotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]