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Abstract The rapid development of vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communication technologies significantly promotes the revolution of intelligent transportation systems. V2X communication is expected to play a critical role in enhancing the safety and efficiency of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), especially for mixed traffic scenarios. Additionally, the computational and storage capabilities of roadside units (RSUs) will be harnessed to effectively enhance the motion planning and control performance of CAVs within the constraints of limited on‐board computational resources. Thus, a V2X assisted co‐design of motion planning and control algorithm for CAVs to improve their situational awareness and computational efficiency is proposed. Under this architecture, a pre‐planning algorithm is proposed first to utilize the computational and storage capabilities of RSUs and generate feasible trajectories for different driving tasks. By analysing the relationship between driving risk index and motion planning performance, an online‐planning algorithm is derived to modify the pre‐planned trajectories in real‐time with static or dynamic obstacles. Furthermore, the lateral and longitudinal control of the vehicle using the Frenet coordinate system is decoupled. The lateral control employs an offline linear quadratic regulator (LQR) from RSUs to control the steering angle of the vehicle. The longitudinal control employs a dual‐loop PID to control the throttle opening of the vehicle. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated and demonstrated by a Carsim‐Prescan simulation study in different mixed traffic scenarios. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed method improves the computational efficiency by 23% and reduces the collision rate by 13%.

Abstract Background As core members of hospice care team, the hospice nurses’ ability to care for patients not only directly affects the standard of patient care, but also significantly impacts patient quality of life. It can be seen that it is very meaningful for patients to improve the caring behavior of hospice nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply explore the influencing factors of nurses’ caring behavior and further clarify the mechanism between them. Methods The STROBE guideline was performed to report this study. We conducted a cross-sectional survey from December 2023 to February 2024. In this study, 392 hospice nurses were recruited from tertiary public hospitals in East China by convenient sampling method. Participants were investigated using the Practice Environment Scale, Professional Identity Scale, and Caring Behaviors Inventory. Structural equation modelling was utilized to verify the research hypotheses. Results The results revealed that there were significant and positive correlations between work environment, professional identity and caring behavior. Furthermore, professional identity partially mediated the relationship between work environment and caring behavior. Conclusion Work environment is critical to improving hospice nurses’ caring behavior. Professional identity plays an intermediary role impacting how work environment promotes caring behavior among Chinese hospice nurses. Nursing managers should have a correct understanding of the relationship between them. Targeted measures and coping strategies need to be actively taken to create a better working environment for hospice nurses. This would enhance professional identity, and thereby promote caring behavior.

The activity of Hippo signaling is commonly dysregulated in various human malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). YAP, the key effector of Hippo pathway, is regulated through several posttranslational modifications. However, the mechanism by which YAP is regulated by arginine methylation remains unknown. In this study, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify the arginine methylation site of YAP in HCC cells. The transcriptional activity of YAP and TEAD were further characterized by real‐time qPCR and immunofluorescence assay, and a subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor mouse model was used to assess the effect of PRMT1‐knockdown on HCC tumor growth. The result of mass spectrometry analysis identified that YAP was methylated at arginine 124. Moreover, we found that arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 interacted with YAP to mediate its arginine methylation, thus inhibited YAP phosphorylation and promoted YAP activity in the nucleus. PRMT1 was up‐regulated in HCC tissues and positively associated with the expressions of YAP target genes. Silencing PRMT1 in HCC cells inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth, while PRMT1‐overexpression promoted HCC growth through YAP methylation. Our study reveals that PRMT1‐mediated arginine methylation at R124 is mutually exclusive with YAP S127 phosphorylation, thereby facilitating YAP activity in the nucleus and promoting tumorigenesis in HCC.

Zirconium hydride (ZrH) is an ideal moderator for space nuclear reactors due to its exceptional properties, including high hydrogen content, small neutron absorption cross section, and high operating temperature. The primary goal of this study is to examine how the atomic ratio of H to Zr (H/Zr ratio) influences the neutronics parameters of a ZrH moderated space nuclear reactor, with a focus on establishing a reliable reference for ensuring the optimal safety and minimization of such reactors. The neutronics calculation based on the ZrH moderated space nuclear reactor named Topaz-II is performed using the Reactor Monte Carlo code (RMC code) with the ENDF/VII cross-section database. The effects of the H/Zr ratio were studied with a particular focus on the initial keff, the burnup, the temperature reactivity coefficient and the criticality safety. The results show that with the increase of the H/Zr ratio, the initial keff increases while the drums’ worth decreases. The Moderator Temperature Coefficient (MTC) is a positive value that rises as the H/Zr ratio increases. In the dropping accidents, the reactor full of voids with seawater is more serious, and the introduced reactivity decreases with the increase of the H/Zr ratio.

Introduction and aims: As an experimental teaching method, emerging learning methods including problem-based learning (PBL), case-based learning, team-based learning and flipped classroom (FC) have been widely applied in dental education. This study aims to evaluate the effect of these teaching methods on dental education performance compared to traditional lecture-based learning (LBL). Methods: The search was carried out in April 2024 in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. All randomized controlled trials were included and the methodological quality assessment was based on the guidelines described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews, followed by a meta-analysis using Stata 14.0 software. Using standard mean deviation (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to determine the effectiveness of emerging teaching methods and LBL in all dental disciplines. Meta-regression was used to analyse sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the stability, and Begg's analysis was used to determine whether there is publication bias. Results: A total of 29 randomized controlled trials including 3502 students were included. The results indicate that emerging educational methods have a significantly positive effect on achieving higher scores (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.34-0.62, P < .001), whether it was theoretical scores (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32-0.72, P < .001) or skill scores (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.15-0.76, P < .001). Compared to LBL, PBL (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.01-0.65, P = .045) and FC (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.31-0.69, P < .001) can both significantly improve students’ academic performance. Conclusion: Compared to LBL, emerging educational methods (PBL, case-based learning, and FC) have significantly improved the learning effectiveness of dental students. These emerging educational methods can be advocated and popularized as routine teaching methods. Clinical Relevance: This study is the first meta-analysis of the effects of emerging teaching methods in dental education which shows great impact of emerging teaching methods on students’ development.

Disperse ferrite is generally embedded in lightweight steel, yet exhibits decent performance, thereby prompting a question: can heterogeneous design optimize it? Here, two representative structures, featured with discontinuous fibrous and dispersed ferrite separately embedded in the austenite matrix, were constructed as examples to address the issue. A heterostructure with fibrous ferrite shows a remarkable product (49 GPa·%) of ultimate strength and total elongation, standing out among other lightweight steels. Superior strength-ductility synergy is primarily attributed to hetero-deformation-induced strengthening and hardening. Abundant hetero-interactions imparted by phase boundaries, dense slip bands in austenite and dislocation networks inside ferrite serve as underlying physical mechanisms.

Heterostructured ferritic steels with bimodal-grained lamellar (BG-L) and ultrafine-grained lamellar (UFG-L) microstructure were prepared through a warm deformation process. The BG-L steel exhibits enhanced mechanical properties compared to conventional quenched and tempered (QT) steel. While the UFG-L steel demonstrates an outstanding combination of strength, ductility, and toughness. Furthermore, the UFG-L steels exhibit no ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) from room temperature (RT) to liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT) and the Charpy impact energy remains as high as 314 J at LNT. The enhanced toughness at LNT can be attributed to the crack-arrester mechanism caused by grain-boundary delamination.

Abstract Optical properties of cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs) can be tuned by an external field, however, it will spontaneously restore to the original state after the field is removed. Here, we introduce diselenide dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) into CLCEs, whose optical properties can be reversibly and precisely tuned under the combined action of force and light. The tuned optical properties will be written into and remembered by the CLCEs, thus a programming effect is achieved. The prepared dynamical diselenide bonded CLCE films have the typical reversibly mechanochromism property, and high-resolution colourful patterning can be programmed by adjusting exposure time and intensity of masked visible-light under different tensile or compressive strain states. The DCB-CLCEs combine the novel anisotropy of CLCEs and the dynamic chain exchangeable ability of DCBs, which endows the materials with reprogrammable optical properties. We demonstrate a simple strategy of writing naked-eye high-resolution colourful patterning into a film with mechanochromism property by thermal or visible-light, it shows great potential in display devices, anticounterfeiting labels, sensors, optical films and smart materials.

Abstract Here, a novel satisfactory model predictive control based on current variance (CV‐SMPC) is proposed for three level neutral point clamped (NPC) rectifiers. CV‐SMPC achieves global optimization of multiple control objectives rather than optimal control of a single control objective with the satisfaction interval. The current satisfaction interval is adjusted online based on the current variance in the CV‐SMPC. The relationship between the current total harmonic distortion (THD), switching frequency, and current variance is established through experimental investigation, enhancing the comprehensibility of control effects. In addition, three simplified sets of candidate vectors are proposed based on the voltage satisfaction interval, thereby reducing the computational burden. Furthermore, the control objectives are categorized into three levels and sequentially combined, eliminating the laborious process of adjusting the weighting factors. Finally, the experimental results conclusively demonstrate the exceptional control performance of CV‐SMPC in both steady‐state and dynamic processes.

Abstract Background In recent years, several giant pandas have suffered from testicular tumor, which has seriously affected giant panda health. However, the pathogenesis of testicular tumor in giant panda is still unclear. Studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers. However, the effect of miRNAs on giant panda testicular tumor has been little studied. Therefore, this study explored the pathogenesis of giant panda testicular tumor through miRNA and mRNA sequencing, and screened out diagnostic markers of testicular tumor. Results Combined with phenotypic symptoms and pathological section results, three giant pandas were diagnosed with testicular tumor and divided into tumor group, and three other giant pandas were divided into normal group. A total of 29 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were screened by blood miRNA-seq, and 3149 target gene candidates were predicted. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the target genes were mainly involved in intermembrane lipid transfer and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. However, only 5 DEmiRNAs were screened by miRNA-seq of blood-derived exosomes and 364 target genes were predicted, which were mainly involved in antigen processing and presentation. In addition, 216 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by RNA-seq, and functional enrichment analysis showed that tumor-specific DEGs significantly enriched to protein phosphorylation. Spearman correlation analysis of miRNA-mRNA showed that the expressions of miR-331-3p and PKIG were significantly positively correlated (spearman = 0.943, p

Abstract Drug resistance is vital for the poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Given the unique microenvironment of bone marrow, we reasoned that drug resistance of AML might rely on distinct metabolic processes. Here, we identify succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) deficiency and over-cumulative succinate as typical features in AML, with a marked function in causing the resistance of AML cells to various anti-cancer therapies. Mechanistically, succinate promotes the accumulation of oncogenic proteins in a manner that precedes transcriptional activation. This function is mediated by succinate-triggered upregulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2M (UBC12) phosphorylation, which impairs its E2 function in cullins neddylation. Notably, decreasing succinate by fludarabine can restore the sensitivity of anti-cancer drugs in SDH-deficient AML. Together, we uncover the function of succinate in driving drug resistance by regulating p-UBC12/cullin activity, and indicate reshaping succinate metabolism as a promising treatment for SDH-deficient AML.

Abstract The booming air transportation industry inevitably burdens air traffic controllers’ workload, causing unexpected human factor-related incidents. Current air traffic control systems fail to consider spoken instructions for traffic prediction, bringing significant challenges in detecting human errors during real-time traffic operations. Here, we present an automation paradigm integrating controlling intent into the information processing loop through the spoken instruction-aware flight trajectory prediction framework. A 3-stage progressive multi-modal learning paradigm is proposed to address the modality gap between the trajectory and spoken instructions, as well as minimize the data requirements. Experiments on a real-world dataset show the proposed framework achieves flight trajectory prediction with high predictability and timeliness, obtaining over 20% relative reduction in mean deviation error. Moreover, the generalizability of the proposed framework is also confirmed by various model architectures. The proposed framework can formulate full-automated information processing in real-world air traffic applications, supporting human error detection and enhancing aviation safety.

Abstract Objective To design and apply a novel puncture method, named P TO P technique, and to evaluate its efficacy and safety. Method The data of patients treated with PVA in medical institution from January 2020 to December 2022 were reviewed and analyzed. The degree of pain relief and recovery from daily activities were evaluated using VAS and LAS scores, and radiological parameters were evaluated using local kyphosis angle and excellent cement distribution. Complications such as cement leakage and recurrent vertebral fractures were also recorded. Results 157 patients with thoracolumbar OVCF were successfully treated with novel puncture techniques. All postoperative clinical and radiological parameters significantly decreased in all patients, except for an increase in local kyphosis angle at the last follow-up compared to postoperative. All other above indicators remained statistically significant at the last follow-up compared to postoperative improvement. Except for 2 patients with poor cement distribution, the remaining 155 patients successfully achieved satisfactory results in unilateral puncture and bilateral cement distribution, achieving an excellent rate of 98.73%. In addition, 18 cases (11.46%) of cement leakage occurred during the operation, fortunately none of them were uncomfortable. During the postoperative follow-up period, 4 cases (2.55%) of recurrent fractures occurred. No other serious complications such as neurologic or named vascular injuries occurred. Conclusion The application of P TO P technology in thoracolumbar OVCF patients is safe and effective. It can not only reduce pain and quickly recover daily activities, but also achieve the perfect effect of unilateral puncture and bilateral cement filling.

Abstract Moyamoya disease (MMD) suffers from impaired cerebrovascular hemodynamics and high perioperative complications occurrence. This study aims to propose and evaluate the relationship between intraoperative hemodynamics and perioperative complications, and propose a potential compensatory self-recirculation network in MMD. We prospectively enrolled 63 MMD patients undergone combined revascularization, and patients were divided into decreased and increased group according to decreased and increased microvascular transit time (MVTT), respectively. Mean age of all patients was 45.9 ± 9.4 years. The post-bypass hyperperfusion syndrome occurrence was significantly higher in the decreased MVTT group, and the cerebral infarction occurrence was significantly higher in the increased MVTT group. For the hemodynamics of the recipient artery around anastomosis, the parameters of distal site demonstrated a significant higher intensity and shorter time in the decreased MVTT group, while the parameters of the proximal site demonstrated a significant higher intensity and shorter time in the increased MVTT group. Pre-bypass and post-bypass collision of blood flow in artery and vein were firstly observed and illustrated. Intraoperative hemodynamics showed close relationship with perioperative complications. The blood flow of MMD seems to develop a unique compensatory self-recirculation system and contribute to the clinical complications, providing a new insight to the clinical management the pathology of the disease.

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor wild type lung adenocarcinoma (EGFRWT LUAD) still has limited treatment options and unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. Ferroptosis, as a form of cell death, has been reported to play a dual role in regulating tumor cell survival. In this study, we constructed a 3-ferroptosis-gene signature, FeSig, and verified its accuracy and efficacy in predicting EGFRWT LUAD prognosis at both the RNA and protein levels. Patients with higher FeSig scores were found to have worse clinical outcomes. Additionally, we explored the relationship between FeSig and tumor microenvironment, revealing that enhanced interactions between fibroblasts and tumor cells in FeSighigh patients causing tumor resistance to ferroptosis. To address this challenge, we screened potential drugs from NCI-60 (The US National Cancer Institute 60 human tumour cell line anticancer drug screen) and Connectivity map database, ultimately identifying 6-mercatopurine (6-MP) as a promising candidate. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated its efficacy in treating FeSighigh EGFRWT LUAD tumor models. In summary, we develop a novel FeSig for predicting prognosis and guiding drug application.

177Lu- prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China. Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints, the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Quality management is a constant and significant concern in enterprises. Effective determination of correct solutions for comprehensive problems helps avoid increased backtesting costs. This study proposes an intelligent quality control method for manufacturing processes based on a human–cyber–physical (HCP) knowledge graph, which is a systematic method that encompasses the following elements: data management and classification based on HCP ternary data, HCP ontology construction, knowledge extraction for constructing an HCP knowledge graph, and comprehensive application of quality control based on HCP knowledge. The proposed method implements case retrieval, automatic analysis, and assisted decision making based on an HCP knowledge graph, enabling quality monitoring, inspection, diagnosis, and maintenance strategies for quality control. In practical applications, the proposed modular and hierarchical HCP ontology exhibits significant superiority in terms of shareability and reusability of the acquired knowledge. Moreover, the HCP knowledge graph deeply integrates the provided HCP data and effectively supports comprehensive decision making. The proposed method was implemented in cases involving an automotive production line and a gear manufacturing process, and the effectiveness of the method was verified by the application system deployed. Furthermore, the proposed method can be extended to other manufacturing process quality control tasks.

Abstract Objectives This study aims to retrospectively analyze the clinical features of Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD) based on Sun’s modified classification, and to investigate whether the Sun’s modified classification can be used to assess the risk of preoperative rupture. Methods Clinical data was collected between January 2018 and June 2019. Data included patient demographics, history of disease, type of dissection according to the Sun’s modified classification, time of onset, biochemical tests, and preoperative rupture. Results A total of 387 patients with TAAAD who met the inclusion criteria of Sun’s modified classification were included. There were more complex types, with 75, 151 and 140 patients in the type A1C, A2C and A3C groups, respectively. The age of the entire group of patients was 51.46 ± 12.65 years and 283 (73.1%) were male. The time from onset to the emergency room was 25.37 ± 30.78 h. There were a few cases of TAAAD combined with stroke, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and lower extremity and organ ischemia in the complex type group. The white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEC) and blood amylase differed significantly between the groups. Three independent risk factors for preoperative rupture were identified: neutrophil count, blood potassium ion level, and platelet count. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the Sun’s modified classification could not be used to assess the risk of preoperative rupture in TAAAD. Conclusion TAAAD was classified as the complex type in most patients. WBC, NEC and blood amylase were significantly different between the groups. NEC and serum potassium ion level were independent risk factors for preoperative rupture of TAAAD, while platelet count was its protective factor. More samples are needed to determine whether Sun’s modified classification can be used to evaluate the risk of preoperative rupture.

Abstract High-pressure diamond anvil cells have been widely used to create novel states of matter. Nevertheless, the lack of universal in-situ magnetic measurement techniques at megabar pressures makes it difficult to understand the underlying physics of materials’ behavior at extreme conditions, such as high-temperature superconductivity of hydrides and the formation or destruction of the local magnetic moments in magnetic systems. Here, we break through the limitations of pressure on quantum sensors by modulating the uniaxial stress along the nitrogen-vacancy axis and develop the in-situ magnetic detection technique at megabar pressures with high sensitivity ( $$\sim 1{{{\rm{\mu }}}}{{{\rm{T}}}}/\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$ ~ 1 μ T / Hz ) and sub-microscale spatial resolution. By directly imaging the magnetic field and the evolution of magnetic domains, we observe the macroscopic magnetic transition of Fe3O4 in the megabar pressure range from ferrimagnetic (α-Fe3O4) to weak ferromagnetic (β-Fe3O4) and finally to paramagnetic (γ-Fe3O4). The scenarios for magnetic changes in Fe3O4 characterized here shed light on the direct magnetic microstructure observation in bulk materials at high pressure and contribute to understanding magnetism evolution in the presence of numerous complex factors such as spin crossover, altered magnetic interactions and structural phase transitions.

Background: Patients with hematological malignancies face an increased risk of developing second primary neoplasms due to various factors, including immune system compromise and chemotherapy-related effects. However, the incidence and associated risk factors in older patients remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the incidence, identify risk factors, and evaluate their impact on survival outcomes among older patients with hematological malignancies. Methods: This retrospective single-center study analyzed data from 163 patients, focusing on the occurrence of second primary neoplasms. Cumulative incidence rates were calculated, and risk factor analysis was conducted using a competing risk model. Results: Among 124 eligible patients with a total follow-up duration of 572.57 person-years, the incidence rate of second primary neoplasms was 15.72/1000 person-years. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.39–1.48], P = 0.518). History of radiotherapy emerged as a significant risk factor (sub-distribution hazard ratio [SHR] = 21.61 [2.81–166.14], P = 0.003), whereas regular natural killer (NK) cell infusion was associated with reduced risk (SHR = 3.25 e−8 [9.81 e−9–1.08 e−7], P ＜ 0.001). Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of informing older patients with hematological malignancies about the long-term risks of second primary neoplasms. Healthcare providers should carefully weigh risk factors when formulating treatment strategies. The results are valuable for investigating the fundamental principles underlying the occurrence and progression of second primary neoplasms.

In patients with Alzheimer’s disease, gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5) expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. However, the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, as well as the underlying mechanism. We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease (Aβ1–42–treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells), as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model. Additionally, injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits. Interestingly, increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-β in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B. Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis, and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.

Hybrid flow shop scheduling problem (HFSP) has been extensively considered, however, some real-life conditions are seldom investigated. In this study, HFSP with no precedence between some stages is solved and an adaptive shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (ASFLA) is developed to optimize makespan. A new solution representation and a decoding procedure are presented, an adaptive memeplex search and dynamical population shuffling are implemented together. Many computational experiments are implemented. Computational results prove that the new strategies of ASFLA are effective and ASFLA is very competitive in solving HFSP with no precedence between some stages.

Abstract Pyroptosis, a typical inflammatory cell death mode, has been increasingly demonstrated to have therapeutic value in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. However, the mechanisms and therapeutic targets of sepsis remain elusive. Here, we reported that REGγ inhibition promoted pyroptosis by regulating members of the gasdermin family in macrophages. Mechanistically, REGγ directly degraded Bim, a factor of the Bcl-2 family that can inhibit the cleavage of GSDMD/E, ultimately preventing the occurrence of pyroptosis. Furthermore, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model mice showed downregulation of REGγ at both the RNA and protein levels. Gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis was augmented in REGγ-knockout mice, and these mice exhibited more severe sepsis-related tissue injury. More importantly, we found that REGγ expression was downregulated in clinical sepsis samples, such as those from patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection. Finally, PA-infected mice showed decreased REGγ levels in the lung. In summary, our study reveals that the REGγ-Bim-GSDMD/E pathway is a novel regulatory mechanism of pyroptosis in sepsis-related tissue injury.

Abstract Background Oral mucositis (OM) is a prevalent and painful complication in patients undergoing anticancer treatment, which significantly impacts patients’ quality of life (QoL) and adherence to therapy. The use of oral probiotics as a preventive strategy for OM has shown promise, but the clinical evidence remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in preventing OM caused by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted up to January 31, 2024, to identify eligible RCTs. The primary outcomes were the incidences of severe OM and all-grade OM. Secondary outcomes included rates of anticancer treatment completion, clinical response, requirement for enteral nutrition, time course of OM, body weight loss, QoL, and adverse events (AEs). Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results A total of 12 RCTs involving 1,376 patients were included in the quantitative analysis. Probiotics administration significantly reduced the risk of severe OM (RR = 0.61, 95%CI: 0.53–0.72, P

High purity and ultrafine DAAF (u-DAAF) is an emerging insensitive charge in initiators. Although there are many ways to obtain u-DAAF, developing a preparation method with stable operation, accurate control, good quality consistency, equipment miniaturization, and minimum manpower is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the current social technology development trend. Here reported is the microfluidic preparation of u-DAAF with tunable particle size by a passive swirling microreactor. Under the guidance of recrystallization growth kinetics and mixing behavior of fluids in the swirling microreactor, the key parameters (liquid flow rate, explosive concentration and crystallization temperature) were screened and optimized through screening experiments. Under the condition that no surfactant is added and only experimental parameters are controlled, the particle size of recrystallized DAAF can be adjusted from 98 nm to 785 nm, and the corresponding specific surface area is 8.45 m2·g−1 to 1.33 m2·g−1. In addition, the preparation method has good batch stability, high yield (90.8%–92.6%) and high purity (99.0%–99.4%), indicating a high practical application potential. Electric explosion derived flyer initiation tests demonstrate that the u-DAAF shows an initiation sensitivity much lower than that of the raw DAAF, and comparable to that of the refined DAAF by conventional spraying crystallization method. This study provides an efficient method to fabricate u-DAAF with narrow particle size distribution and high reproducibility as well as a theoretical reference for fabrication of other ultrafine explosives.

Abstract Moyamoya disease, characterized by basal cerebral artery obstruction, was studied for differential protein expression to elucidate its pathogenesis. Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from 10 patients, categorized by postoperative angiography into good and poor prognosis groups, revealed 46 differentially expressed proteins. Notably, cadherin 18 (CDH18) was the most significantly upregulated in the good prognosis group. In addition, the expression of cadherin 18 (CDH18) and phenotypic transformation-related proteins were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The effects of CDH18 in vascular smooth muscle cells were detected by CCK-8, EdU, transwell and wound healing assays. The overexpression of CDH18 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was found to inhibit proliferation, migration, and phenotypic transformation. These findings suggest CDH18 as a potential therapeutic target in moyamoya disease.

Abstract Fine-grained management of rice fields can enhance the yield and quality of rice crops. Challenges in achieving fine classification include interference from similar vegetation, the irregularity of natural field shapes, and complex scale variations. This paper introduces Rice Attention Cascade Network (RACNet), for the fine classification of rice fields in high-resolution satellite remote sensing imagery. The network employs the Hybrid Task Cascade network as the base framework and uses spectral and indices mixed multimodal data as input to reinforce the feature differentiation of similar vegetation. Initially, a Channel Attention Deformable-ResNet (CAD-ResNet) was designed to enhance the feature representation of rice on different channels. Deformable convolution improves the ability of CAD-ResNet to capture irregular field shapes. Then, to address the issue of complex scale changes, the multi-scale features extracted by the CAD-ResNet are progressively fused using an Asymptotic Feature Pyramid, reducing the loss of scale information between non-adjacent layers. Experiments on the Meishan rice dataset show that the proposed method is capable of accurate instance segmentation for fragmented or irregularly shaped rice fields. The evaluation metric AP50 of RACNet reaches 50.8%.

Abstract We investigate the precessing motion around the the regular black hole with an asymptotically Minkowski core which has a suppression parameter $$\ell $$ ℓ . We obtain the third-order post-Newtonian quasi-Keplerian motion of a test particle in this spacetime and find its relativistic periastron advance. Then, we test this model with the precessing motion of the star S2 and of OJ 287 and determine the upper limits of the dimensionless suppression parameter as $$\ell /m \sim 10^{-3}$$ ℓ / m ∼ 10 - 3 , where m is the mass of the black hole. Compared with the bound given by the shadow of Sgr A*, our bound on $$\ell /m$$ ℓ / m is reduced by 2 orders of magnitude, although our upper limit of $$\ell $$ ℓ still needs further improvement.

The development of pipeline steels with exceptional cryogenic toughness is deemed imperative for their applications in various engineering fields. In this work, API X65 steel with lamellar grain (LG) structure is constructed through warm deformation techniques. Comparative analysis with raw API X65 steel revealed notable enhancements in both yield strength (YS) and ultimate strength (UTS), exhibiting increments of 315 MPa and 164 MPa, respectively, while retaining substantial fracture toughness (KIc = 251.14 MPa m0.5). Remarkably, the LG steel exhibits a distinct absence of a ductile-brittle transition behavior over a wide temperature range, maintaining an exceptionally high impact energy from room temperature (RT) to liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT), and the Charpy impact energy exceeding 330 J at LNT, nearly 16 times higher than the raw API X65 steel. This performance can be primarily attributed to the superior plastic deformation capability, coupled with the delamination toughening mechanism. The resultant tortuous path of crack propagation effectively facilitates the absorption of substantial energy, decreases notch tip sensitivity depending on the temperature, stress triaxiality, and strain rate, thereby fostering excellent cryogenic toughness.

Global energy and environmental issues are becoming increasingly problematic, and the vibration and noise problem of 110 kV transformers, which are the most widely distributed, have attracted widespread attention from both inside and outside the industry. DC bias is one of the main contributing factors to vibration noise during the normal operation of transformers. To clarify the vibration and noise mechanism of a 110 kV transformer under a DC bias, a multi-field coupling model of a 110 kV transformer was established using the finite element method. The electromagnetic, vibration, and noise characteristics during the DC bias process were compared and quantified through field circuit coupling in parallel with the power frequency of AC, harmonic, and DC power sources. It was found that a DC bias can cause significant distortions in the magnetic flux density, force, and displacement distributions of the core and winding. The contributions of the DC bias effect to the core and winding are different at Kdc = 0.85. At this point, the core approached saturation, and the increase in the core force and displacement slowed. However, the saturation of the core increased the leakage flux, and the stress and displacement of the winding increased faster. The sound field distribution characteristics of the 110 kV transformer under a DC bias are related to the force characteristics. When the DC bias coefficient was 1.25, the noise sound pressure level reached 73.6 dB.

Abstract While KRAS mutation is the leading cause of low survival rates in lung cancer bone metastasis patients, effective treatments are still lacking. Here, we identified homeobox C10 (HOXC10) as a lynchpin in pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer bone metastasis. Through RNA-seq approach and patient tissue studies, we demonstrated that HOXC10 expression was dramatically increased. Genetic depletion of HOXC10 preferentially impeded cell proliferation and migration in vitro. The bioluminescence imaging and micro-CT results demonstrated that inhibition of HOXC10 significantly reduced bone metastasis of KRAS-mutant lung cancer in vivo. Mechanistically, the transcription factor HOXC10 activated NOD1/ERK signaling pathway to reprogram epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and bone microenvironment by activating the NOD1 promoter. Strikingly, inhibition of HOXC10 in combination with STAT3 inhibitor was effective against KRAS-mutant lung cancer bone metastasis by triggering ferroptosis. Taken together, these findings reveal that HOXC10 effectively alleviates pan-KRAS-mutant lung cancer with bone metastasis in the NOD1/ERK axis-dependent manner, and support further development of an effective combinatorial strategy for this kind of disease.

Abstract Heterogeneous thermocatalysis of formic acid dehydrogenation by metals in solution is of great importance for chemical storage and production of hydrogen. Insightful understanding of the complicated formic acid dehydrogenation kinetics at the metal-solution interface is challenging and yet essential for the design of efficient heterogeneous formic acid dehydrogenation systems. In this work, formic acid dehydrogenation kinetics is initially studied from a perspective of electrochemistry by decoupling this reaction on Pd catalyst into two short-circuit half reactions, formic acid oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction and manipulating the electrical double layer impact from the solution side. The pH-dependences of formic acid dehydrogenation kinetics and the associated cation effect are attributed to the induced change of electric double layer structure and potential by means of electrochemical measurements involving kinetic isotope effect, in situ infrared spectroscopy as well as grand canonical quantum mechanics calculations. This work showcases how kinetic puzzles on some important heterogeneous catalytic reactions can be tackled by electrochemical theories and methodologies.

Abstract Hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated levels of serum uric acid (SUA), is linked to a spectrum of commodities such as gout, cardiovascular diseases, renal disorders, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, etc. Significantly impairing the quality of life for those affected, the prevalence of hyperuricemia is an upward trend globally, especially in most developed countries. UA possesses a multifaceted role, such as antioxidant, pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, nitric oxide modulating, anti-aging, and immune effects, which are significant in both physiological and pathological contexts. The equilibrium of circulating urate levels hinges on the interplay between production and excretion, a delicate balance orchestrated by urate transporter functions across various epithelial tissues and cell types. While existing research has identified hyperuricemia involvement in numerous biological processes and signaling pathways, the precise mechanisms connecting elevated UA levels to disease etiology remain to be fully elucidated. In addition, the influence of genetic susceptibilities and environmental determinants on hyperuricemia calls for a detailed and nuanced examination. This review compiles data from global epidemiological studies and clinical practices, exploring the physiological processes and the genetic foundations of urate transporters in depth. Furthermore, we uncover the complex mechanisms by which the UA induced inflammation influences metabolic processes in individuals with hyperuricemia and the association with its relative disease, offering a foundation for innovative therapeutic approaches and advanced pharmacological strategies.

To study the internal deformation evolution law of soil mass corresponding to subsidence stretching area of mining areas with thick loose layer, the No.10111-working face of Suntuan coal mine in Huaibei is selected, and No.1—3 vertical boreholes are arranged at 60 m spacing along the direction perpendicular to the advancing direction from the near to the distant for the loose layer corresponding to stretching area of the working face. In the process of coal mining subsidence, the borehole deformation monitoring is carried out based on the technology of optical fiber (borehole No.1) and inclinometer (borehole No.2—3). The area occupied by the overlying rock strata and loose layers mobilized by coal mining is considered as a deformation zone, and the concept of the movement angle of strata of arbitrary thickness is introduced. The results show that: The maximum depth at which strain occurs in the borehole No.1 is about 157 meters, with the deeper sections of the borehole reaching the active phase before the shallower; Within the monitoring range of boreholes No.2 and No.3, the geological formations can be divided from bottom to top into stable sections, lower, middle, and upper sections of the deformation zone. The final cumulative horizontal displacement at the borehole openings of No.2 and No.3 is 129.8 mm and 99.4 mm respectively, and the maximum displacement depths of about 108 m and 75 m respectively; Moreover, the horizontal displacement distribution of No.2 and No.3 borehole from bottom to top is generally uniform, and the average horizontal displacement per meter borehole is about 1.2 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively; In each borehole, the lower part of the deformation zone reaches the active period before the upper part and the upper part still has weak deformation after the lower part of the deformation zone is stable; For a certain thickness of strata in the loose layer, the movement angle increases with the increase of its depth, and the depth h of the lower boundary of the loose layer deformation zone decreases with the increase of the horizontal distance l from the working face, which accords with the exponential function relationship.

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have emerged as the first-line choice for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to their superior efficacy and safety. However, the impact of INSTIs on the development of neuropsychiatric conditions in people living with HIV (PLWH) is not fully understood due to limited data. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional examination of PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, with a specific focus on HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) on INSTI-based regimens (n = 61) and efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens (n = 28). Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluations and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, including T1-weighted images and resting-state functional MRI. Compared to the EFV group, the INSTI group exhibited primarily reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the right superior parietal gyrus, higher regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the left postcentral gyrus, lower ReHo in the right orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus, and increased voxel-wise functional connectivity for the seed region in the left inferior temporal gyrus with clusters in the right cuneus. Furthermore, the analysis revealed a main effect of antiretroviral drugs on GMV changes, but no main effect of neuropsychiatric disorders or their interaction. The repeated analysis of participants who did not switch regimens confirmed the GMV changes in the INSTI group, validating the initial findings. Our study demonstrated gray matter atrophy and functional brain changes in PLWH on INSTI-based regimens compared to those on EFV-based regimens. These neuroimaging results provide valuable insights into the characteristics of brain network modifications in PLWH receiving INSTI-based regimens.

Abstract Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a clinicopathological condition characterized by nephrotic-range proteinuria, has a high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Meanwhile, the recurrence of FSGS after renal transplantation is one of the main causes of graft loss. The diagnosis of recurrent FSGS is mainly based on renal puncture biopsy transplants, an approach not widely consented by patients with early mild disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find definitive diagnostic markers that can act as a target for early diagnosis and intervention in the treatment of patients. In this review, we summarize the domestic and international studies on the pathophysiology, pathogenesis and earliest screening methods of FSGS and describe the functions and roles of specific circulating factors in the progression of early FSGS, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for early diagnosis of FSGS recurrence, as well as aid the exploration of therapeutic targets.

Abstract Background The relationship between thyroid hormone (TH) levels in vivo and osteoarthritis (OA) remains inconclusive. This study aims to investigate the association between TH levels and OA, analyze the effect of triiodothyronine on hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and OA progression, and identify potential target genes of triiodothyronine in OA to evaluate its diagnostic value. Methods Two-sample mendelian randomization method was used to probe the causal links between hyperthyroidism and OA. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from two RNA-sequencing data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE199847 and GSE114007) and enrichment analysis of DEGs (166 commonly upregulated genes and 71 commonly downregulated genes of GSE199847 and GSE114007) was performed to analyze the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and OA. C28/I2 cells treated with T3 and reverse transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to validate T3 targeted genes. The diagnostic performance of target genes was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). Results There was a positive causal association between hyperthyroidism and OA (IVW result, OR = 1.330, 95% CI 1.136–1.557, P = 0.0004). Weighted median and Weighted mode analysis also demonstrated that hyperthyroidism had a positive causal association with OA (p 1). Bioinformatics analysis indicated T3 can partially induce the emergence of late hypertrophic chondrocyte and promote OA through extracellular matrix organization, blood vessel development, skeletal system development and ossification. Post-T3 treatment, MAFB, C1QTNF1, COL3A1 and ANGPTL2 were significantly elevated in C28/I2 cells. ROC curves in GSE114007 showed that AUC of all above genes were ≥ 0.7. Conclusions This study identified that hyperthyroidism has a positive causal association with OA by MR analysis. T3 induced hypertrophic chondrocytes promote OA progression by upregulating genes such as MAFB, C1QTNF1, COL3A1 and ANGPTL2, which can also serve as OA diagnosis.

Abstract Background Conventional single-energy CT can only provide a raw estimation of electron density (ED) for dose calculation by developing a calibration curve that simply maps the HU values to ED values through their correlations. Spectral CT, also known as dual-energy CT (DECT) or multi-energy CT, can generate a series of quantitative maps, such as ED maps. Using spectral CT for radiotherapy simulations can directly acquire ED information without developing specific calibration curves. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of utilizing electron density (ED) maps generated by a novel dual-layer detector spectral CT simulator for dose calculation in radiotherapy treatment plans. Methods 30 patients from head&neck, chest, and pelvic treatment sites were selected retrospectively, and all of them underwent spectral CT simulation. Treatment plans based on conventional CT images were transplanted to ED maps with the same structure set, including planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk (OARs), and the dose distributions were then recalculated. The differences in dose and volume histogram (DVH) parameters of the PTV and OARs between the two types of plans were analyzed and compared. Besides, gamma analysis between these plans was performed by using MEPHYSTO Navigator software. Results In terms of PTV, the homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), D2%, D98%, and Dmean showed no significant difference between conventional plans and ED plans. For OARs, statistically significant differences were observed in parotids D50%, brainstem in head&neck plans, spinal cord in chest plans and rectum D50% in pelvic plans, whereas the variance remained minor. For the rest, the DVH parameters exhibited no significant difference between conventional plans and ED plans. All of the mean gamma passing rates (GPRs) of gamma analysis were higher than 90%. Conclusion Compared to conventional treatment plans relying on CT images, plans utilizing ED maps demonstrated similar dosimetric quality. However, the latter approach enables direct utilization in dose calculation without the requirements of establishing and selecting a specific Hounsfield unit (HU) to ED calibration curve, providing an advantage in clinical applications.

Abstract Motivation Retrosynthesis planning poses a formidable challenge in the organic chemical industry, particularly in pharmaceuticals. Single-step retrosynthesis prediction, a crucial step in the planning process, has witnessed a surge in interest in recent years due to advancements in AI for science. Various deep learning-based methods have been proposed for this task in recent years, incorporating diverse levels of additional chemical knowledge dependency. Results This paper introduces UAlign, a template-free graph-to-sequence pipeline for retrosynthesis prediction. By combining graph neural networks and Transformers, our method can more effectively leverage the inherent graph structure of molecules. Based on the fact that the majority of molecule structures remain unchanged during a chemical reaction, we propose a simple yet effective SMILES alignment technique to facilitate the reuse of unchanged structures for reactant generation. Extensive experiments show that our method substantially outperforms state-of-the-art template-free and semi-template-based approaches. Importantly, our template-free method achieves effectiveness comparable to, or even surpasses, established powerful template-based methods. Scientific contribution We present a novel graph-to-sequence template-free retrosynthesis prediction pipeline that overcomes the limitations of Transformer-based methods in molecular representation learning and insufficient utilization of chemical information. We propose an unsupervised learning mechanism for establishing product-atom correspondence with reactant SMILES tokens, achieving even better results than supervised SMILES alignment methods. Extensive experiments demonstrate that UAlign significantly outperforms state-of-the-art template-free methods and rivals or surpasses template-based approaches, with up to 5% (top-5) and 5.4% (top-10) increased accuracy over the strongest baseline.

The electricity consumption in the smart grids consists of an uncertainty feature. Also, an unstable atmosphere situation causes photovoltaic (PV) generation will be undefined output. With both of these problems, the net demand power of consumers can’t be a specific value. On the other hand, using consumption patterns, the consumptions and generations could be predicted for improving the operation of the power system. This paper reports the results of the differential performance of probabilistic forecasting of the residential electricity onsumption, PV power generation, and net demand related to smart buildings using the novel method of the Improved Deep Mixture Density Network (IDMDN). According to this, investigators used a strong Multi to Multi (M2M) mapping of the neural network model. They followed that they had used a kind of beta kernel to decrease the number of leakage issues. It is an attempt to generate random predictions by the method of end-to-end. It expressed a new performance of changed initiation and multiple procedures of educating to decrease or remove unsteady traits in the probabilistic problems of the beta kernel function. The results show good performance of the proposed method in comparison with other methods.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) represents a prevalent syndrome among various chronic kidney disease pathologies and is known for its higher severity and worse prognosis compared with chronic glomerulonephritis. Understanding its pathogenesis and identifying more effective treatment modalities have long been a concern of kidney specialists. With the introduction of the gut–kidney axis concept and the progress in omics technologies, alterations in the gut microbiota have been observed in primary and secondary NS. This link has been extensively researched in conditions such as diabetic nephropathy and immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. Thus, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is seen as a crucial contributing factor in NS; however, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews that elucidate the changes in the gut microbiota across different NS conditions and that describe its mechanistic role in the disease. Moreover, serving as an innate regulator of the gut microbiota, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has the potential to exert a profound impact on the expression of inflammation-promoting agents, decreasing the levels of endotoxins and uremic toxins. In addition, it strengthens the stability of the intestinal barrier while controlling the metabolic function of the body through its efficient modulation of the gut microbiota. This intricate process yields far-reaching consequences for NS.

IntroductionThe suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is an important consideration in marine engineering. Sediment movement characteristics can be studied by considering the fortnightly behavior of SSC. However, this consideration currently lacks accurate mathematical representation. MethodIn this study, a computationally efficient mathematical model capable of providing analytical solutions for predicting SSC based on resuspension, deposition, and advection was developed to further investigate the mathematical interpretation of fortnightly SSC behavior in coastal areas dominated by M2, S2, O1, K1, M4 and MS4 tides. The model decomposed the SSC into 35 quasi-harmonic terms as well as two terms with fortnightly period. ResultThe model was applied at five observation sites in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea, China, and validated to be able to reproduce the fortnightly variation of SSC. The results show that the primary fortnightly SSC term was generated by the combined action of M2 and S2 tidal currents and had a tidal frequency of 1.0159 °/h, which was equal to the difference between the frequencies of the two partial tides. DiscussionThe resuspension properties only affected the amplitude of the fortnightly SSC term but did not affect the phase. The deposition properties affected both amplitude and phase. The quasi-harmonic analysis indicates that in certain shallow sea areas with strong nonlinear tidal interactions, the amplitude of the M4 tidal elevation can influence the mean SSC, while the amplitude of the MS4 tidal elevation can affect the fortnightly SSC amplitude. As the simplified model is based on certain assumptions, the application conditions of the quasi-harmonic analytical solution include an approximate reciprocating flow pattern, a tidal range significantly smaller than the water depth. Our results provide a mathematical solution for the fortnightly evolution of suspended sediment.

The dynamic coastal environment is characterized by complex and variable interactions, often reflected in shoreline changes. This study analyzes shoreline changes in the estuarine area of Rizhao from 1985 to 2020 based on remote sensing images from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. The largest shoreline changes were attributed to large-scale harbor construction, while relatively natural shorelines showed minor fluctuation. Due to the complex dynamics at the estuaries, shorelines on both sides of the estuaries were extracted and analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) in ArcGIS. Results indicate the southern shoreline experienced minor fluctuations, with a Linear Regression Rate (LRR) ranging from -2.27 m/y to 1.87 m/y. In contrast, the northern shoreline exhibited more significant fluctuations, with an LRR ranging from -7.62 m/y to 13.54 m/y, likely due to more intense dynamics near the cape and Muguan Island. Intra-annual seasonal shoreline was found to be more pronounced than inter-annual variations. Correlation analysis between the Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) and dynamic factor intensities across seasons revealed the highest correlation with runoff volume. Typhoon passages were observed to cause shoreline erosion, while sediment-laden runoff partially mitigated this erosion.

This study explored emoji-based sarcastic statements made by Chinese teenagers using the WeChat app. Two experiments (N = 597) were conducted to investigate both language production and comprehension. In Experiment 1 (N = 236), a free-response task was used to determine which emoji Chinese teenagers would use to signal their sarcastic intentions. The results showed that the smiling emoji (Image 1) and the tears-of-joy emoji (Image 2) were the most commonly used emoji to indicate sarcastic intent. Experiment 2 (N = 361) involved a rating task to investigate the role that two selected emoji played in the comprehension and emotional impact of WeChat messages (literal and sarcastic statements). Our findings revealed that both emoji generally increased the perceived sarcasm in literal comments; however, while the smiling emoji intensified the perceived sarcasm in sarcastic comments, the tears-of-joy emoji had no significant effect on such comments. Regarding emotional impact, the smiling emoji amplified the negativity of the statement, whereas the tears-of-joy emoji mitigated it. This indicates that both emoji and context are reliable cues for interpreting sarcasm, though their levels of reliability may differ. Specifically, the smiling emoji carries greater weight than context, while context is afforded stronger weight than the tears-of-joy emoji in the constraint-satisfaction process of sarcasm. Overall, the smiling emoji is perceived as more sarcastic and more negative than the tears-of-joy emoji.

Objective The influence of serum sodium level changes on septic patient survival after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is not clear. We attempted to figure out the impact of serum sodium trajectory changes on the 30-day mortality rate of such patients.Methods The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database was searched to gather patients who developed sepsis after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. A group-based trajectory model (GBTM) was employed to determine the serum sodium trajectory within 72 h of ICU admission. Patients’ survival differences between different trajectory groups were compared using Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival curves. Cox regression models were further employed to explore the correlation between survival status and serum sodium trajectory.Results 1,038 eligible patients were involved in this project. GBTM identified 3 serum sodium trajectories, all showing a trend of initial decrease followed by an increase. K–M curve analysis uncovered a notable difference in 30-day survival status between Class 1 and Class 2 (Log-rank p = 0.039), while no obvious differences were observed between other groups. Cox hazard analysis revealed that in the three models adjusting for different covariates, Class 2 was connected with the increased risk of survival (OR > 1, p

Background Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)/pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) as a noninvasively measured index of right ventricular-pulmonary artery uncoupling is associated with poor outcomes in heart failure patients. However, the relationship by which the TAPSE/PASP is linked to atrial fibrillation (AF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is not clear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the TAPSE/PASP and AF in PD patients.Methods This study was divided into two parts. First, we included 329 PD patients. All the subjects provided detailed a medical history, laboratory analysis and transthoracic echocardiography on admission. We evaluated the differences in the TASPE/PASP ratios between the AF and non-AF groups. Second, a total of 121 patients were followed up to compare mortality between the AF and non-AF groups.Results Age, BNP, RDW, LA, and septal E/e’ were significantly higher, and TAPSE/PASP was significantly lower in patients with AF than in those without AF (p 0.715.Conclusions The results suggested that the TAPSE/PASP was lower in AF patients than in non-AF patients. The TAPSE/PASP may be a useful factor for predicting mortality in AF patients with PD, but large-scale prospective studies are needed for verification.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) plays a crucial role in investigating new physical phenomena and exploring the principles of fluid mechanics. However, CFD numerical methods often face the challenges of long research cycles, high costs, and extensive human-computer interactions due to the growing complexity of computational tasks. To meet the burgeoning requirements of contemporary physical sciences, in recent years, the coupling of traditional scientific computing techniques with promising deep learning techniques well-known from computer science have emerged as a new research paradigm. This paradigm aims to create automated, intelligent tools for obtaining valuable insights as well as being able to categorize, predict, and make evidence-based decisions in novel ways. These tools can be used to reduce the reliance on expert experience and laborious computations inherent in existing numerical theories and methods. In this paper, we delve into the essence of science paradigms, the evolution of computing intelligence, and provide a comprehensive overview of the key applications driving the development of a new intelligence paradigm in CFD simulations. In addition, we outline a prototype platform for CFD simulations within this new paradigm. Based on this platform, three intelligent workflows are proposed, anticipating to serve as a reference source for future research and foster the emergence of innovative applications in the field of CFD.Highlights Deep learning techniques emerged as a new method to create automated, intelligent tools for CFD simulations.A review of deep learning methods for mesh pre-processing.A review of deep learning methods for numerical solving.A review of deep learning methods for post-processing visualization.A prototype platform for CFD simulations within the new paradigm.Perspectives on challenges and future directions.