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Educational institutions in Poland often struggle with various problems, such as the lack of an adequate number of rooms or the poor technical condition of buildings. This is due to many factors, such as the age of the buildings, demographic trends, migration, political, social, historical, and cultural conditions and, above all, financial conditions. In order to address these problems, the Krakow University of Technology undertook the implementation of the "Green Classroom" scientific project as part of the "Science for Society" programme of the Ministry of Education and Science. The Green Classroom is a mobile, free-standing educational facility consisting of a geometric arrangement of four basic modules. Integrating this type of facility into existing infrastructure, especially in urban areas, requires the availability of suitable land, taking into account hydro-meteorological and wastewater conditions. This study presents a method using geographic information system (GIS) tools to select school areas where it is possible to locate "Green Classrooms", taking into account sustainable land retention. Based on typical rainfall for the city of Krakow, stormwater runoff was calculated taking into account the adopted "Green Classroom" module. An additional sealed surface (a "Green Classroom" system) increases the rainwater runoff by approximately 1 m3. In order to balance the rainwater runoff, it is recommended to install a rainwater collection tank with a capacity of 1 m3 next to the "Green Classroom" module. In order to relieve the storm sewer system, especially in highly sealed urban areas, it is recommended to use aboveground or underground stormwater tanks. The size of the tanks should depend on the impervious surfaces and their number on the site conditions. Nomograms for the city of Krakow have been developed to estimate the size of tanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to demonstrate the technical capabilities and effectiveness of an energy production and management system for school facilities using a modular solution. The system is assumed to generate electricity from renewable sources, such as wind or sun. The potential of renewable energy sources in Cracow, Poland, was assessed, with a focus on solar energy (photovoltaic panels, PV). Taking into account the installation of heating and other equipment, an analysis of the facility's electricity demand was carried out. The study recommended the use of a heat pump system to heat and cool the facility. Renewable energy sources will meet 81% of the facility's projected annual demand, according to the study. An analysis of the energy consumption and production profiles shows that almost 69% of the energy produced by the PV panels is consumed on site. Of the remaining energy, 31% is fed back into the grid and sold to the grid operator or used by other facilities within the shared settlement. The overall balance results in a small electricity deficit that must be covered by the grid. If suitable sites are available, the facilities under study could consider installing a wind turbine as a potential supplement to the energy deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the spatial aspect as a factor of significant importance for the success of rehabilitation functions. The location of cognitive rehabilitation activities in an open, urban space allows people with reduced fitness to take up stress-free rehabilitation activity without time limitations and without stigmatization. The architectural design of the positions for mental rehabilitation implemented in public space was addressed to people with dysfunctions of all ages and people suffering from covid fog as a result of a past disease. This article presents the results of preliminary observational studies conducted on a focus group of COVID19 convalescents, who were provided with an open rehabilitation space equipped with 12 rehabilitation tables. The results showed the decisive influence of the placement of rehabilitation elements in the open green space for rehabilitation results. The task of the mind training path is to raise and maintain intellectual fitness in a friendly recreational space. Prototype studies have shown that, de-pending on the arrangement of individual stops, the mind training path offers different efficiency of exercises, but it is always a better result than in closed spaces of medical facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses green infrastructure, which can be considered a useful tool in the process of ensuring the sustainable development of rural structures in the polish Carpathian region. It allows for achieving a better quality of the environment of human life and healthy wildlife linkages. The element that supports defining information about the existing state of green infrastructure and its resources is the green infrastructure fragmentation coefficient based on edge effect calculations, which is the relation between the edge of the patch (circumference) to its surface area. With the use of model analysis of green infrastructure, it is possible to implement the provisions of the Carpathian Convention and coordinate planning documents that facilitate the sustainable development of spatial structures. Our study on the state of green infrastructure in rural areas of the Polish Carpathian Mountains is a source of knowledge about the quality of this area, its natural environment and fragmentation. Determining the territory’s green infrastructure fragmentation coefficient provides an opportunity for higher-precision studies and the detection of threats and integration of GI fragments and addressing proper solutions in conflict areas.

The article concerns the possibilities of adapting selected historic educational complexes (XX General Secondary School and Mechanical Technical Secondary School No. 15), located in the historical urban layout of the city of Krakow, for the purposes of implementing a scientific project entitled "School of the future: modular and mobile Green Classroom system." The work presents the research objectives, research methods, and general assumptions of the "Green Classrooms" system as new educational spaces, which are to be a modular structure that meets both the educational and social-behavioural needs of children and adolescents. Selected school buildings were also analysed, taking into account their history, architectural and urban composition, conservation conditions, and those resulting from planning documents. The summary determines whether the selected facilities and the plots on which they are located can be adapted for the needs of the scientific project and the "Green Classes" system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the security and safety of the polycentric functio-spatial structure of the city in the context of a pandemic. The research hypothesis is as follows: will the fear of the epidemic affect the manner of planning polycentric structures, reinforce local service concentrations and restore the commercial role of the city street? This paper presents a new outlook on urban security. Local service polycentricism is of particular significance. The problem was investigated based on original analyses of polycentricism and a definition that points to levels of understanding the notion of the centre while accounting for current theories and trends. The study discusses differences in the perception of polycentricism over time. On the example of the history of Cracow's development, the author analysed factors that affect polycentricism, such as: political decisions, suburbanisation and transport-related behaviour patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The area of the Carpathian Foothills is a culturally interesting region with many small settlement structures. The specificity of spatial values was influenced by the natural and cultural environment as well as the historically accumulating multicultural heritage, an important element of which is the architecture with roots anchored in Galicia. After the first partition of Poland in 1772, the territory of south-eastern Poland became part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. Another political decision strengthened the architectural influence in this area of the Carpathians. The next two partitions and political changes resulting from the decisions of the Congress of Vienna outlined the final shape of Galicia's borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of humanistic values in the contemporary configuration of cities. Today's times put us in a privileged position as we can observe deep and clear changes happening very quickly. Visible changes are reflected not only in society and culture, but also in the space of developing cities, towns, and metropolises. While characterizing contemporary urban trends and ideas, the philosophical trends that contribute to them and the values on which they are based were discussed. Corrections are also shown, which usually start with slight dissonances and initially slight differences in the content of theses, and as a result lead to completely different views on the world. Contemporary determinants of postmodernism, deconstructivism, ecological ideas, sustainable development, social integration and participation, high-tech, digital, and smart city are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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