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To inform the development of culturally and socially appropriate interventions, this study examined the lived experiences of Black female college athletes (BFCAs) and identified sources that increase their vulnerability to anxiety. Black Feminist Thought, with sub-tenets of intersectionality and outsider within status, was used as the theoretical foundation to examine the lives of the BFCAs. Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, this qualitative study addressed the question: What sociocultural factors affect anxiety in Black female college athletes? Nine Black female college athletes from an NCAA Division I program agreed to participate in this study. Regarding the sources of anxiety, four themes emerged: regimented schedule (subthemes: lack of freedom, decreased choices, and external locus), forced community (subthemes: isolation and team conflict), emphasis on athletics (subthemes: coaching pressures, training pressures, and academic pressures) and navigating marginalization (subthemes: gender and racial stereotypes and gender and racial inequality). Two unexpected themes also materialized: family support and suggested solutions (subthemes: representation and communication). The findings and analysis were based on the data collected and the theoretical lens. The results suggest the need for culturally appropriate interventions to support this specific college athlete population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly publicized killing of Black people in spring 2020 sparked a national and global social movement to address racial violence. This led to heightened national discourse about the deeply entrenched nature of systemic racism in American institutions, prompting organizations to make public statements supporting racial justice. While an essential first step in addressing systemic inequities within the workplace, these statements are primarily performative and do little to combat systemic racist practices and policies within their ranks. For instance, research has shown that women of color, and particularly Black women, experience daily racial and gendered aggressions that negatively impact their career trajectories. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews of twenty Black women lawyers, this article demonstrates how systemic racism is deeply entrenched in white spaces, preventing a genuine and effective path to diversity, equity, and full inclusion. Moreover, it theorizes how emotional, cognitive, financial, and relational labors amount to an inclusion tax levied against Black women professionals in white spaces. The article concludes with practical implications and ethical considerations on how to address this dynamic across various occupations and industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Older Black women experience structural and intersectional disadvantages at the intersection of age, race, and gender. Their disadvantaged social statuses can translate into serious psychological health consequences. One concept that may aid in understanding psychosocial determinants of older Black women's depression risk is the "Strong Black Woman," which suggests that Black women have supernatural strength amidst experiencing adversity and are expected to "be strong" for others by providing self-sacrificial aid without complaint. Objectives: Drawing inspiration from the "Strong Black Woman" concept, the current study examined whether three psychosocial factors (i.e., mastery, anger suppression, and relational demands (from spouse, children, relatives, and friends)) were associated with depressive symptoms, clinically significant depressive symptoms, and lifetime professionally diagnosed depression among older Black women (i.e., ages 50 years and older). Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Data were drawn from the 2010 to 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 1,217). Methods: For past-week depressive symptoms, ordinary least squares regression analyses were conducted, and beta coefficients were reported. For clinically significant depressive symptoms (i.e., reporting three or more depressive symptoms in the past week) and lifetime professionally diagnosed depression, binary logistic regression analyses were performed, and odds ratios were reported. Results: Higher levels of mastery were associated with lower risk for depressive symptoms and depression. Anger suppression was associated with higher risk for depressive symptoms and depression. Demands from children and one's spouse were associated with higher depressive symptoms while demands from family were associated with risk for lifetime depression diagnosis. Not having a spouse was associated with heightened risk of depressive symptoms and depression. Interestingly, demands from friends were not associated with depressive symptoms nor diagnosed depression. Conclusion: Study findings revealed important nuances in the determinants of depression among older Black women which, in turn, has implications for research and mental health care provision in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the poetics of touch and female fetishism in Lynn Nottage's play "Intimate Apparel." The author argues that the fetish object in the play serves as a creative medium for female expression, knowledge, and fantasy, rather than devaluing femininity. The protagonist, Esther Mills, uses her attachment to fabrics and garments as a way to navigate her own femininity and overcome feelings of loss and alienation. The article also discusses the transformative power of the fetish object and its influence on Esther's evolution throughout the play. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: We assessed chronic liver disease (CLD)-related mortality in the U.S. using death data (2011–2021) obtained from National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). The average annual percentage change (AAPC) from the models selected by Joinpoint regression analysis over the pre-pandemic (2011–2019) and the 2019–2021 were reported because non-linear trend in death rates were observed over the 2011–2021. Liver-specific death was defined as an underlying cause of death and Chronic liver disease (CLD)-related death was defined as any cause of death. During the pre-pandemic, age-standardized HCC- and cirrhosis-specific death rates were annually increased by AAPC = +1.18% (95% confidence interval, 0.34% to 2.03%) and AAPC = +1.95% (1.56% to 2.35%). In contrast, during the 2019–2021, the AAPC in age-standardized cirrhosis-specific death rate (per 100,000) accelerated by up to AAPC +11.25% (15.23 in 2019 to 18.86 in 2021) whereas that in age-standardized HCC-specific death rate slowed to -0.39 (-1.32% to 0.54%) (3.86 in 2019 to 3.84 in 2021). Compared to HCC-specific deaths, cirrhosis-specific deaths were more likely to be non-Hispanic white (72.4% vs. 62.0%) and non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska native (AIAN) (2.2% vs. 1.1%) and have NAFLD (45.3% vs. 12.5%) and ALD (27.6% vs. 22.0%). During the 2019–2021, the age-standardized HCV- and HBV-related death rate stabilized, whereas the age-standardized NAFLD- and ALD-related deaths rate increased to 20.16 in 2021 (AAPC = +12.13% [7.76% to 16.68%]) and to 14.95 in 2021 (AAPC = +18.30% [13.76% to 23.03%]), which were in contrast to much smaller incremental increases during the pre-pandemic (AAPC = +1.82% [1.29% to 2.35%] and AAPC = +4.54% [3.97% to 5.11%]), respectively). The most pronounced rise in the age-standardized NAFLD-related death rates during the pandemic was observed among AIAN (AAPC = +25.38%), followed by non-Hispanic White female (AAPC = +14.28%), whereas the age-standardized ALD-related death rates during the pandemic were highest among AIAN (AAPC = +40.65%), followed by non-Hispanic Black female (AAPC = +26.79%). Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic had a major negative impact on cirrhosis-specific and CLD-related mortality in the U.S. with significant racial and gender disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HPV-associated cancer disparities disproportionately affect Black/African American and Hispanic individuals in the U.S. HPV vaccination, which can prevent many HPV-associated cancers, should be clearly recommended by pediatricians to parents of adolescents aged 9–12, yet uptake and completion remain lower than other adolescent vaccinations. We used the Structural Influence Model of Health Communication to explore communication inequalities from interviews with 19 Black and Hispanic mothers of adolescents. We identified HPV vaccination information seeking behaviors, media use, and preferred channels to address information needs. This study provides insights into how mothers' nativity and ethno-racial identity influenced how they accessed and processed information from various sources. Preferences for digital and community-based strategies to address information gaps and hesitancy concerns are also presented. Findings suggest future prevention strategies must increase access to accurate information that resonates with NH-Black and Hispanic communities' needs and is disseminated via preferred communication channels to maximize the effects of multi-level interventions promoting HPV vaccination among communities experiencing disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black women embody self-determination and strength to overcome intersecting racism and sexism. This notion of strength has been operationalized as the Strong Black Woman (SBW) schema, and growing research on this schema has been mixed. Quantitative findings have largely connected this schema to negative health outcomes whereas qualitative work has revealed positive benefits of this schema. To further understand the complexity of this schema, we drew from a positive psychology framework to examine how this schema related to resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed with data from 178 young adult Black women (Mage = 20.48, SD = 1.38) who were recruited from a Historically Black College in the Southeastern region of the United States. Regression findings revealed that some characteristics (e.g., obligation to manifest strength, intense motivation to succeed) were positively associated with resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing whereas others (e.g., extraordinary caregiving, emotional suppression) were negatively associated with these outcomes. Our results further complicate the role of the SBW schema in the lives of Black women and support the need for continued research on this topic. Public Health Statement: Many Black women are socialized to be strong and tenacious in the face of hardship. This study examined if being strong contributed to positive outcomes, like resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing in a sample of college-aged Black women. We found that although some dimensions of strength were positively associated with resilience, self-efficacy, and flourishing, most dimensions were either not associated with these outcomes or were related to lower levels of these outcomes. These findings can inform new prevention and intervention programs to help Black women thrive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implicitly stereotyping pSTEM (physical sciences, technology, engineering, and math) with Asian and White men can demotivate Black and Latina women in pSTEM. However, theory suggests that stereotypes might not affect all members of a group in the same way. In a sample of 345 undergraduate Black and Latina women, we tested gender typicality and ethnic/racial typicality as moderators of the relation between implicit stereotypes and pSTEM motivation. We found that stronger endorsement of implicit stereotypes associating pSTEM with men or Asian/White people was negatively related to expectancy beliefs and value beliefs among Black and Latina women. However, interaction effects revealed that the lower value beliefs in relation to pSTEM implicit stereotypes were strongest for women who identified most with other women, and the lower expectancy beliefs in relation to pSTEM implicit stereotypes were strongest for Black and Latina women who identified least with other Black and Latinx people. Thus, for Black and Latina women, seeing oneself as typical of one's ethnic/racial group may buffer the impact of stereotypes, whereas seeing oneself as a typical woman may further lower pSTEM motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how Black women entrepreneurs in Cali, Colombia confront racism and sexism, as they engage in the expanding neoliberal beauty market. We argue that anti-racist entrepreneurial experiences in Cali are shaped by four interconnected processes: First, changes in gender and development policies, aligned with inclusive neoliberal development projects. Second, the limitations of state neoliberal multicultural policies, which has made activists aware of the need to address racism and sexism. Third, activist's appropriation of the intersectional turn, allowing them to recognize articulations between racism, classism and sexism. Fourth, the adoption of anti-neoliberal discourses supporting distributive and solidarity practices. Our analysis suggests that while entrepreneurial anti-racist actions do not generate radical or permanent changes in the beauty industry, they do have material and symbolic effects in Black women's experiences of racial justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay employs Saidiya Hartman's method of critical fabulation used to make visible the lives of Black women in the archives and asks if it is possible that George Herbert, a white, Christian man, could engage in this methodology. I read Herbert's impersonation of an African woman in "Aethiopissa ambit Cestum Diversi Coloris Virum" ("Aethiopissa Courts Cestus, a Man of a Different Color") (written c. 1620), to argue that the poet ventriloquizes Aethiopissa through tropes of blackness to reveal his identification with her––creating a representation that lies outside of normative early modern depictions of blackness. This essay demonstrates how Herbert presents Aethiopissa as a strong and rhetorically skilled speaker who employs what I call the "spectrum of darkness," a strategy she uses to appeal to her white addressee's senses to naturalize her blackness via natural phenomena. Herbert, I argue, sympathizes with Aethiopissa's erotic complaint as it can present the poet's own relation to his patron, Sir Francis Bacon. I conclude by maintaining that Herbert's "Aethiopissa" could be added to the canon of texts productively studied and taught by scholars in premodern critical race studies. [W.L.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although research on ethnic–racial socialization is well established, limited studies have examined the influence of specific, highly publicized anti‐Black murders. We assessed Black mothers' (N = 12, mean age = 37.45) concerns and ethnic–racial socialization with adolescents aged 11–18 years old approximately 1 year following the murders of George Floyd and other unarmed Black people. Researchers generated the following themes using reflexive thematic analysis: protecting adolescents from physical harm; protecting adolescents from psychological harm; parents' emotional distress; and parents' lack of confidence in their ethnic–racial socialization practices. Black mothers exhibit exceptional amounts of strength and courage as they navigate pervasive physical and psychological threats to their adolescents while experiencing worry and low confidence in their ability to socialize their adolescents about anti‐Black racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The current study examines regional differences in Black/White fatal drug overdoses. Methods: Black/White overdose mortality data (2012–2021; N = 537,085) were retrieved from CDC WONDER. We used death counts and corresponding Census Bureau population estimates by the decedent's age and race/ethnicity to calculate mortality rate ratios. Results: From 2012 to 2021, there were 537,085 reported overdose deaths among White (85%) and Black (15%) individuals in the United States. In the South, Black individuals had lower fatal drug overdose deaths than their same‐aged White counterparts. In the Northeast, Midwest, and West regions, Black individuals had around 10%–60% lower likelihood of overdoses among younger ages (15–24, 25–34, 35–44) but about 60%–300% higher likelihood of overdoses among older adults (55–64). Increases in overdose deaths during the pandemic (2020–2021) led to changes in Black/White overdose death patterns, whereas Black individuals of all ages in the Midwest and West regions had approximately 15%–425% higher likelihood of fatal overdoses than their same‐aged White counterparts. Sex‐stratified analysis suggests that Black females in the South had overdose death rates around 50% lower than same‐aged White females, and overdose deaths were relatively equal for Black and White females in the Midwest—patterns not seen among males. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: The findings indicate that the Black/White overdose mortality gap changed after the COVID‐19 pandemic across all regions and age cohorts, with state and regional variations in magnitude. Behavioral interventions and policies to curb drug overdose deaths among populations most impacted should consider regional, sex, and age‐related differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The counterstories of Black and Asian women faculty across three Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) as interpreted through Critical Race Feminism are shared in a Reader's Theater format presented as three acts featuring conversations between the participants. In Act I, Black women faculty revealed experiences with Anti-Blackness and colorism surrounding their HSIs. Act II revealed a need for mentoring. In Act III, Black and Asian women faculty shared feeling the onus was placed upon them to build cultural competence on their HSI campuses. This Reader's Theater denotes a need for HSIs to foster an inclusive environment for Black and Asian women faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article extends the previous conversation around endarkened narrative inquiry, a culturally situated approach informed by Black feminist thought, womanism, endarkened feminist epistemology, and narrative inquiry. In this article, we reclaim narrative in the context of a methodological process that centers Black women-centric ontoepistemologies, informed by theoretical perspectives and existing literature, to focus on Black women's ways of storying their lives. We also discuss the creation of wisdom whisper as a methodological consideration for data collection. Finally, we reflect on the methodological mentoring and negotiations that took place to culturally situate this methodology and offer a method of inquiry aligned with a Blackness-centered framework of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black and female landowners, two of the largest groups of underserved landowners in the southeastern US, have considerably less land enrolled in the US Department of Agriculture's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) than White and male landowners. The reasons for this discrepancy are complex and interrelated. Previous studies approached different facets of this problem using a variety of methods and analyses. Here, we conducted a synthetic literature review that demonstrates how the intertwined ecological, economic, and cultural concerns of underserved landowners influence their decisions about potential land conversion in the context of CRP requirements. Other studies have rarely considered such relevant factors as the sociocultural importance of land to underserved populations or the links between the limited participation of these groups in the CRP and historical racism and sexism in land management industries and agencies. Explicitly addressing these issues will help promote conservation equity in the CRP and other conservation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Outgroup empathy deficit research suggests that White U.S. citizens—especially those most prone to prejudice—should report minimal empathy for Black victims of police violence. We propose that this oft-cited phenomena is not inevitable, and the police-related experiences of those White individuals must be considered. To address this issue, we considered empathy toward a Black versus White woman victim of a fatal police shooting. We were particularly interested in identifying factors that might eliminate outgroup empathy deficits. Method: Two hundred and thirty White MTurk participants completed a right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) measure and reported the extent that they experienced police mistreatment. They were randomly assigned to read about a deadly White policeman shooting of a Black or White woman and reported the extent they believed Black people experienced unfair police mistreatment, their victim-directed empathy, and their compassion for her family. Results: There was clear evidence of inclusive victimhood consciousness (i.e., acknowledging that one's personal experiences are like those of an outgroup). Specifically, in the Black (but not White) victim condition, greater perceived personal police mistreatment predicted elevated perceived police mistreatment of Black individuals, which in turn was linked to heightened victim-directed empathy and family-directed compassion. Critically important, these effects were limited to high RWA participants. The Victim Race × Personal Police Mistreatment interaction was not significant for low RWA participants. Conclusions: In sum, among highly authoritarian White participants, police mistreatment experiences were positively associated with empathy for a Black woman victim of a deadly police shooting and compassion for her family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black women in community supervision programs (CSPs) are disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A randomized controlled trial of a group intervention titled Empowering African-American Women on the Road to Health (E-WORTH) demonstrated effectiveness in reducing sexual risk behaviors and STI incidence among Black women in CSPs. This secondary analysis aimed to assess the moderating effects of housing status and food security on E-WORTH effectiveness in reducing sexual risk behaviors and cumulative incidence of STIs over a 12-month period which were found significant in the original trial among a sample of 351 Black women in CSPs in New York City who use drugs and/or engage in binge drinking who reported engaging in HIV risk behaviors or testing positive for HIV. We examined the moderating effects of housing stability, housing independence, and food insecurity on reducing cumulative STI incidence and number of unprotected sex acts using mixed-effects negative binomial regression and logistic regression models that controlled for age, high school education, employment status, and marital status. Findings indicate that the intervention effect was moderated by housing stability, but not housing independence or food security. Compared to the control group, E-WORTH participants who were housing insecure had 63% fewer acts of condomless sex. Our findings highlight the importance of interventions designed for women in CSPs that account for upstream determinants of health and include service linkages to basic needs provisions. Further research is needed to unpack the cumulative impacts of multiple experiences of poverty faced by this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay utilizes the iconic photograph of Ieshia Evans at the 2016 Black Lives Matter protest in Baton Rouge, LA to complicate dominant understandings of iconicity in relation to racial icons. We argue that Evans's photograph became iconic because it tapped into a visual grammar of respectability marked by an aesthetic of demureness. We urge critical and visual scholars to look to what we call the iconic periphery, a discursive realm of potentially oppositional or counter-hegemonic images that circulate in abundance at the margins of iconic photographs, to find a radical aesthetic with the potential for social and racial justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ballet industry has long been criticized for using excessively thin and exclusively Anglo-looking ballerinas. The statement that they fit the "look" or comments such as this in the 2015 New York Daily Post: "A lot of people feel ballerinas should all be the same color" (Keivom, 2015) have been used to exclude Black and Brown ballerinas. This chapter describes the relationship between race, gender, and beauty within the ballet industry. It describes the challenges that Black women experience and the anti-Blackness that takes place within ballet due to Eurocentric beauty standards. Through a focus on the emphasis on hair texture, flesh-tone tights, and pointe shoes, and on the racist history of America and ballet, this chapter demonstrates how ballet continues to discriminate against and marginalize Black women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMedical gendered racism in the USA has been and continues to be a significant issue for Black women across various healthcare domains, including sexual and pelvic healthcare. The experiences of Black women with Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder, characterised by pain with sexual intercourse, are particularly understudied in relation to medical gendered racism. This paper advances existing research on Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder by employing Black feminist thought and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks. We seek to conceptualise how medical gendered racism impacts Black women’s experiences with genito-pelvic pain and the quality of their healthcare. We offer a nuanced, culturally sensitive approach to doing so and to clinical practice, and provide actionable recommendations for healthcare professionals. This work aims to equip researchers and healthcare practitioners with the knowledge and tools to acknowledge, understand, and support effective treatment of genito-pelvic pain experienced by Black women in the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications This research project aims to (a) investigate the association between sandwich caregiving and midlife women's health and (b) ask how this relationship differs by race.Although researchers consistently find that physical health declines substantially during midlife for women, much about what produces this trend is unexplored. One notable gap in prior literature is the impact of simultaneously providing care to both aging parents and young children (i.e., sandwich caregiving) on the health and well‐being of midlife women.This study analyzes six consecutive waves of nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) between 2008 and 2018 with growth curve models.The analysis illustrates that sandwich caregiving does not have a significant relationship with self‐reported physical health among White and Black mothers but has a negative association with fair or poor self‐rated physical health among Hispanic mothers.This study contributes to previous scholarship by specifying the heterogeneous consequences of sandwich caregiving for the health and well‐being of White, Black, and Hispanic women during midlife. Moreover, this work highlights the importance of exploring the complex implications of sandwich caregiving, as more and more midlife adults begin to provide care to dual generations.This study underscores the relevance of the life course perspective and the stress process model in understanding sandwich caregiving. Furthermore, my findings emphasize the significance of the family as a social institution in shaping social inequality and the need for race‐specific interventions to mitigate the adverse health outcomes of sandwich caregiving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual and written accounts of rage in popular media tend to associate rage with violent masculinities.1 Filicide brings women’s rage into sharp relief. By reading South African women in relation to their ancestral peer, Sila van den Kaap and through a ‘black deformative’ analysis of media accounts and an interview of filicide in South Africa, this paper asserts that black women have ample cause for rage. Filicide brings the purportedly personal into public light and compels a response. Although the response tends to pathologise filicidal women, it calls attention to the conditions of impoverishment that black women live under. The paper suggests that filicidal women’s refusal of the conditions of mothering, may also be an enactment of a strike against gendered scripts of care. Their own subsequent suicide might simultaneously be read as an opting out and as reaching for freedom beyond the interdiction of impoverishment. The findings suggest that rage is a crucial action-oriented affect in the expression and striving for black freedoms of which women are always core protagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has a tradition of being extractive from marginalized communities, taking knowledge without regard to giving back. In this manuscript, we discuss how using culturally congruent methodologies, specifically sista circle methodology, mitigates the harm of whiteness rooted in qualitative research. Guided by Black feminist thought and endarkened feminist epistemology, we center Black women to offer guidance for qualitative researchers committed to researching with marginalized communities. The purpose of this manuscript is to invite scholars into a conversation on qualitative research to consider ways to engage in culturally congruent methodologies. We present lessons learned from doing qualitative research centering on the community practices of Black women doctoral students using sista circle methodology. The lessons learned present tangible ways to remove the veil of whiteness in research by using a culturally congruent methodology, shifting methods to align with participants, and conducting authentic member checking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black feminist survivors and advocates of sexual violence have been integral in recognizing their intersecting identity, using their voice and stories to enlighten society and to reinforce the importance of visibility and inclusion in the sexual violence research, prevention, intervention, and treatment. Despite the historical and present-day sexual violence against the Black female body, this population continues to find ways to heal and overcome the attack on her personhood. This article highlights the identities, unique needs, and considerations of the Black female survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in relation to the racism, sexism, and overarching oppression that are often added layers for this population. This article also explores the personal narrative of a Black female survivor of CSA, the discovery of self, and an encouragement to speak ones’ truth after victimization, into survival, and beyond. The article concludes with a focus on the significance of the Black female survivors’ reconnection to culture and the ancestors as a tool for healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In South Africa, where gender and sexual violence remain prevalent, this study examines parents’ experiences of and involvement in gender and sexual prevention within a rural primary school setting. In the context of racialised inequalities, socio-economic marginalisation and gendered structures of power, the parents constitute black female caregivers who bear the burden of gendered poverty and are on the frontline in negotiating their children’s safety in school. Data collection involved 3 focus group discussions with 15 parents, all with children enrolled at the primary school. Employing a new feminist materialist analysis, the study addressed the interconnectedness of all matter within the gender and sexual violence assemblage. Findings revealed a continuum of violence from corridors to classrooms, with instances of sexual harassment, sexualised touching and grooming. Participants’ narratives highlighted the challenges they faced in navigating institutional responses. Despite these challenges, parents challenge deficit-based narratives and demand accountability from educational authorities. By amplifying the voices of black rural women, the study directs attention to the need to foster collaborative partnerships between parents and schools in advocating for gender transformation, justice and care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children of Black immigrant parents living in the US are at elevated risk of being overweight or obese, thus increasing their risks of morbidity and mortality as they age. Parents play a crucial role in shaping their children's nutrition through their food parenting practices. The Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) can explain Black immigrant mother's FPP and their children's dietary behavior. This study aimed to assess SCT's constructs, personal (maternal knowledge, attitudes, beliefs) and environmental factors (acculturation) in relation to the behavioral factor (food parenting practices) among a sample of Black immigrant mothers living in Metro Atlanta, Georgia. Methods: Convenience sampling was employed to recruit 30 Black immigrant mothers who lived in seven Metro Atlanta, Georgia counties in the summer of 2022. Four focus group interviews were conducted over two weeks. The qualitative data analysis was thematic. Results: Focus group data analysis revealed seven major themes: knowledge, attitude, belief, modeling, acculturation, coercive control, and structure, and six subthemes. Mothers discussed being intentional about encouraging healthy foods and limiting unhealthy foods for their children. Overall, acculturation influenced mothers' food parenting practices. Since migrating to the US, some mothers' nutrition changed in positive (e.g., eating more fruits) and negative ways (e.g., snacking more) because of schedules, cost, and access. Children ate a mixed diet, the mother's native diet and the American diet, and the former was considered healthier and affordable by most. Conclusion: This is the first study to look at the food parenting practices of Black immigrants in the US. By identifying key factors that influence the food parenting practices of this population and their children's dietary habits, this study's findings are useful to practitioners or researchers who work with this population on nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses contemporary literary texts that feature the Dark Lady from Shakespeare’s sonnets as a Black woman from the past inhabiting the present: Zadie Smith’s White Teeth (2000), Bernadine Evaristo’s Soul Tourists (2005), and Caroline Randall Williams’s Lucy Negro, Redux (2019). The analysis draws on recent approaches to temporality that offer a critique of linear concepts of time and their function for discourses of progress and modernity as well as ‘race’. Through the figure of the Dark Lady, Smith, Evaristo, and Williams address Black history and project anachronic relations between the early modern era and the present moment, as well as between Shakespeare and the contemporary Black woman writer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the world through the necessity of mask mandates and stay-at-home orders, while marginalized communities continued to grapple with disproportionate outcomes of the pandemic due to systemic racism. Hence, some had to live in a double pandemic, such as minoritized healthcare professionals on the frontlines addressing the uncertainties of the health crisis. Importantly, Black women healthcare professionals relied upon sister circles as a mental health mechanism. Sister circles are support groups for and by Black women and are often informally formed within contexts such as education, work, and recreation. This qualitative study deepens the understanding of how during the double pandemic sister circles in the United States created a space for Black women healthcare professionals to support each other in managing stress, navigating workspaces, and sustaining their personal lives. Fifteen participants across different health professions, including nursing, social work, and therapy, participated in one-time interviews and focus groups to share their experiences as members of a sister circle. Four salient themes were: (1) mental health support, (2) mutual understanding, (3) guidance on how to engage in salary negotiations, and (4) professional knowledge. Additionally, the findings indicate that sister circles provided them a space for mental health support, rooted in mutual understanding, along with offering advice on salary negotiations and advancing their overall professional knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the politics of respectability, representation, and the intersection of academic womanist and queer hermeneutics of the Bible. As early as the nineteenth century, U.S. born-Black women have had to contend with race and gender prejudice to secure their rightful place in society. Too often this came at the cost of respectability politics. Middle class Black church women advocated for the adoption of a strict code of behavior by Black women in order to advance their agenda of respectability in society. I am interested in whether the politics of respectability both within the church and academy have contributed to the essential invisibility of LGBTIAQ2+-identified womanist biblical scholars or womanist scholarship using a queer hermeneutical approach. Have the male heteropatriarchy and biblical authority in the church and academy effectively silenced womanist LGBTI/queer scholarship? This article suggests that while this may have been true of the past, the closet doors are opening and a growing number of womanist scholars are embracing LGBTI/queer methodological approaches in biblical interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-skin privilege is a term that is often used to describe the relative advantages that racially minoritized people who are socially recognised as "light-skinned" receive when navigating predominantly white spaces compared to their peers with darker-skin. This article considers the relationship between racism-induced stress and poor health outcomes amongst Black British women who self-identify as having light-, medium-, or dark-skin to examine the extent to which light-skin privilege mitigates the negative effects that racial discrimination has on health. Drawing on interviews conducted with 20 Black British women, I complicate the understanding that light-skin privilege invariably leads to better health outcomes for Black British women with light-skin by revealing how its operation at a systemic level can coincide with individual experiences of anti-Black racism that can, in turn, lead to poor health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited research examining the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care needs and experiences of Black adolescents who are assigned female at birth (AFAB). This study aimed to understand the perspectives of Black AFAB adolescents in their receipt of SRH counseling in primary care and elicit preferences for SRH-related communication with clinicians. We interviewed English-speaking Black AFAB adolescents, ages 13-17, living in North Carolina between February and June 2022 about their SRH care experiences. The interviews were conducted via video conferencing, audio-recorded, professionally transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic approach. We interviewed 23 adolescents (mean age 15.8 years) across 10 geographically diverse counties in North Carolina. Most conveyed positive perceptions of clinicians regarding trust and comfort. However, many expressed concerns about clinicians not doing enough to ensure patient confidentiality, provide them with enough information to make informed and autonomous decisions, and destigmatize discussing SRH issues during the clinical encounter. Suggested improvements include sociodemographic congruence between patients and clinicians (eg, younger Black women), ensuring time alone with clinicians across adolescence, and proactively sharing information to promote respect and autonomy. Although Black AFAB adolescents had positive perceptions of their health care providers regarding relational components of care, many participants shared significant gaps and areas for improvement in the quality of care received to better align services with their preferences for SRH care. These findings can inform the development of SRH counseling best practices and clinician education to support respect and autonomy, which are routinely denied to Black AFAB adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The goal of this research was to uncover narratives around food access and consumption among Black women who attend HBCUs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Black women, ages 18–25. Methods: Focus groups were used to understand how participants defined healthy foods as well as barriers and facilitators of consumption. During the pandemic follow-up focus groups uncovered how COVID-19 impacted their access and consumption patterns. Results: Findings revealed that HCBU women faced similar and distinct concerns around food access prior to and during the pandemic. Students were limited by price, budgets, proximity to healthy foods, kitchen access, and cooking tools. However, proximity or transportation both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic encouraged students to access healthy foods. Conclusion: For students who are already at a societal disadvantage and attend a university located in a food desert, access to nutritious foods can be an exacerbated plight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined whether cultural values, conformity and parenting behaviours were related to child adjustment in middle childhood in the United States. White, Black and Latino mothers (n = 273), fathers (n = 182) and their children (n = 272) reported on parental individualism and collectivism, conformity values, parental warmth, monitoring, family obligation expectations, and child internalising and externalising behaviours. Mean differences, bivariate correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed on variables of interest. Collectivism in mothers and fathers was associated with family obligation expectations and parental warmth. Fathers with higher conformity values had higher expectations of children's family obligations. Child internalising and externalising behaviours were greater when Latino families subscribed to individualistic values. These results are discussed in the context of cultural values, protective and promotive factors of behaviour, and race/ethnicity in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black women with breast cancer often present with more aggressive disease compared with other races, contributing to an increased risk of cancer mortality. Despite this inequity, Black women remain severely underrepresented in breast cancer clinical trials. We aim to characterize factors that influence a woman's decision to enroll in a clinical trial, with the goal of identifying clinical interventions to aid in the recruitment of vulnerable groups. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted using a questionnaire adapted from 2 prevalidated surveys investigating factors influencing clinical trial enrollment. The survey was administered to women with curable breast cancer during a single follow-up visit at 4 different sites within a university medical system where all patients are screened for clinical trial eligibility. Chi-square tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess associations or differences between the populations. One hundred ninety-four out of 209 women completed the survey, giving a compliance rate of 93%. Twenty-six percent of women self-identified as Black, most women were located at community sites (67.1%), most women had diagnoses of early-stage disease (I: 57.7%, II: 29.4%), and 81% of women had some collegiate-level education. Black women were younger at diagnosis (P =.005) and less likely to be married (P =.012) but more often lived with family members (P =.003) and had a lower median income (P <.001). According to the survey, Black women were less likely to trust their care team (P =.032), more likely to believe that research ultimately harms minorities (P <.001), and had a stronger belief in God's will determining illness and wellness (P <.001). Recurring themes of trust in the health care team, patient education, and advancement of cancer treatments were discussed in the focus groups. Failure to offer clinical trials and mistrust in research institutions may pose the greatest hindrances to the enrollment of Black women in clinical trials. Empowering women through education and fostering trustworthy relationships can encourage greater clinical trial participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police violence shapes the lives of racial and ethnic minorities, and while much has been written about strategic responses to police, missing is an examination of how black women navigate interactions with officers. Based on 32 interviews with black women, we find that they use witnessing, or the mobilization of others as observers to police encounters. Research demonstrates the rising role of videos and smartphones in documenting encounters with officers. We find that black women adapt witnessing techniques based on their surroundings, available resources, and network contacts. Three forms of witnessing are observed: physical witnessing , mobilizing others in close proximity to interactions with officers; virtual witnessing , using cellphone or social media technology to contact others or record interactions with officers; and institutional witnessing , leveraging police or other institutional contacts as interveners to interactions with officers. Black women mobilize witnessing to deescalate violence, gather evidence, and promote accountability. Attuned to both the interactional and structural dynamics of police encounters, black women conceptualize witnessing as a way to survive police encounters and navigate their legal estrangement within the carceral system. We theorize black women's witnessing as a form of resistance as they work to reconfigure short- and long-term power relations between themselves, their communities, and police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To succeed in ending the HIV epidemic in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) focuses on delivering combinations of scientifically proven, cost-effective, and scalable interventions to priority populations. Systemic factors continue to contribute to persistent health disparities and disproportionately higher rates of HIV diagnosis in some communities. The National HIV/AIDS Strategy has designated cis-gender Black women (CgBW) as a priority population to address the racial and ethnic inequities in HIV. This report presents the portfolio of projects, programs, and initiatives funded by the CDC's Division of HIV Prevention (DHP) to address disparities in HIV and improve health and QOL among CgBW. These funded activities include the development, planning, and implementation of HIV prevention programs, mass media campaigns, and behavioral interventions focused on CgBW. This report also summarizes DHP's community engagement, capacity building, and partnership efforts, and highlights research and surveillance activities focusing on CgBW. Finally, this report outlines future directions for CDC's efforts to improve access to HIV testing, treatment, and prevention for CgBW in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In three studies we examined whether four social identity characteristics (gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status) affect perceived risk of disorder development for eating and mood relevant behaviors. Women and girls are at greater risk of developing an eating disorder than men and boys. However, because the race of Black women and girls does not fit the prototypical image of a person with an eating disorder (ED), we hypothesized ED-related behaviors would be perceived as less concerning for them. Study 1 demonstrated robust stereotypes along all four identity dimensions (gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status) for perceived ED prevalence, and weaker stereotypes for depressive and anxiety disorders. In Study 2, identical ED-related behaviors were interpreted as riskier and less healthy when performed by a female or White target, relative to a male or Black target. Identity dimensions did not affect risk judgments for mood disorder behaviors. Study 3 replicated and extended these results. These findings suggest Black women and girls are at a disadvantage in the early identification of risk factors associated with ED development. This work responds to the call for culturally sensitive research on the effects of diverse identities on detecting and addressing body image problems and eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of interlocking oppressions of racism and sexism (e.g. intersectionality), Black women’s experiences of high rates of sexual violence are often ignored. A critical Black feminist framework, cultural betrayal trauma theory (CBTT) examines within-group violence in the Black community, which has compounding harm due to inequality. Though quantitative research has found support for CBTT, Black young women survivors’ perspectives have not been examined. Therefore, the purpose of the current exploratory study was to engage in intersectionality praxis to qualitatively examine Black young women survivors’ perspectives on CBTT through structured thematic analysis and coding based on theory. Respondents (N = 37; 18–30 years), provided their thoughts on CBTT following participating in a quantitative study. With most survivors in agreement that cultural betrayal in trauma is harmful, a key theme was community orientation in understanding both the harm and healing of cultural betrayal trauma. Black young women survivors’ resonance with CBTT, as well as their recommendations for community-level solidarity and healing have important implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to parenthood has long been viewed as a period of change in new parents' romantic relationships. However, this research has largely focused on changes in relationship quality, generally overlooking changes in relationship status (e.g., ending or entering a relationship during this period). To address this gap, we explored patterns and predictors of relationship dissolution and relationship formation during the early postpartum period among a sample of first-time Black mothers. A community sample of mothers living with low incomes (N = 212; 10% married; 85% enrolled in Medicaid) reported on their relationship status and other characteristics at 1, 8, and 16 weeks postpartum. Among mothers who were in a relationship at 1 week postpartum (N = 126), 20% of these relationships ended by Week 8 or 16. Mothers whose relationships ended reported lower relationship functioning at Week 1 than mothers whose relationships remained intact. Among mothers who were single at 1 week postpartum (N = 86), over 50% subsequently reported being in a relationship at Week 8 or 16. Mothers who started relationships reported lower overall social support at Week 1 relative to mothers who remained single. Together, these findings indicate that changes in relationship status during the early postpartum period were common and provide initial insights into factors characterizing mothers who experienced relationship transitions. Future work would benefit from considering changes in relationship status as well as other relational changes during the transition to parenthood to reflect a wider range of experiences among new parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The body image satisfaction of Black American women is at risk of declining due to Instagram engagement, as studies have shown that using this social media platform has been linked to body image concerns. Using sociocultural theory and the social media "teleco-presence" theory of identity, the goal of this study is to examine the mediating effect of body ideals on the relationship between Instagram engagement and body image satisfaction for African American emerging adult women. Quantitative data was collected from participants using Amazon MTurk (N = 101). Data was analyzed using SPSS Process Macro with bootstrapping. Results revealed that the path from Instagram engagement to body ideals was negative and statistically significant; the path from Instagram engagement to body image satisfaction was positive and significant; the path from body ideals to body image satisfaction was negative and statistically significant; and the indirect effect was statistically significant. Results illustrate that Instagram engagement predicts increases in body image satisfaction and is partially mediated by the internalization of body ideals among emerging adult Black American women. Implications for social media use are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discursive practices position Black women as racial, gendered, and sexual others. There remains a need to understand how Black women craft sexualities given this backdrop. This paper draws on sexual and dating advice from 30 semi-structured interviews to examine how cisgender heterosexual undergraduate women enrolled at a Historically Black College/University in the USA constructed and promoted heterosexualities. Neoliberalism, racialised risk narratives and notions of Black womanhood converge to frame how participants articulated their roles and the roles of women like them in maintaining sexual health and social status at the nexus of race and gender oppression, and in respect of aspirational Black feminine middle-class identities. Overarching messages in their peer advice revealed gender-specific expectations about sexual responsibility through self-reliance and sexual respectability through heterosexual monogamy. The present study expands sexualities research through an intersectional approach that examines the implications of racialised, gendered and classed meanings of Black sexuality and womanhood in an understudied population. Findings identify peer sexual advice as a rhetorical tool that simultaneously resists and reproduces power structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Informed by ecological and Black feminist approaches, this inductive, thematic analysis analyzed narratives from 24 Black college women, ages 18–25, about the sexual socialization they received from multiple agents within and outside of the family. The themes were: Avoidance, Safety and Consent, Fun and Action-Centered Acts, (Mis)Information About Sexual Health, Gendered Norms, and Purity versus Sexual Freedom. The women received messages of avoidance, purity, safety, consent, and gendered norms, from their families and schools. Peers and media socialized women to view sex as fun and action centered. Given the persistent increases in sexually transmitted infections and diseases, and formation of longer-lasting romantic relationships during the college years, it is important for young adult women, including Black women, to receive adequate knowledge and skills to advocate for safe and healthy romantic sexual relationships. Implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: Black women continue to face significant underrepresentation in senior leadership roles, particularly within higher education. Despite this disparity, there exists a dearth of research and understanding surrounding the achievements and success narratives of those who have managed to ascend to senior-level leadership positions within the higher education sector. Solution: Higher education institutions and professionals in the HRD field ought to develop and implement identity-based leadership initiatives that address the distinctive challenges Black women (as well as other women of color) face in leadership roles. Concurrently, universities are encouraged to establish structured mentoring programs to facilitate connections between Black women leaders and mentors possessing either congruent or divergent identities, but with a demonstrated cultural competence capable of accommodating the mentee's requirements. Furthermore, universities must formulate and uphold policies that cultivate and retain Black women's talent, intellectual contributions, and leadership acumen. Stakeholders: Black women leaders, human resource development researchers, practitioners, scholars, higher education administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A report entitled Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality against Black Women underscores the paucity of research examining police violence toward Black women. This study focused on how valuing a White police officer and symbolic racism moderate reactions when the officer fatally shoots a Black or White woman during a traffic stop. At high levels of officer valuing, symbolic racism was positively associated with perceptions the victim presented a threat to the officer, but negatively associated with support for punishing the officer and perceived victim compliance; these associations were stronger when the victim was Black relative to White. At low officer valuing levels, there was no variability in the link between symbolic racism and the outcome variables as a function of victim race. Implications for bias in judicial outcomes for the victim and officer are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This autoethnography asks newsrooms to consider how the actions and culture of white newsrooms can negatively affect Black female reporters through the usage of autoethnography and critical race theory. I reflect upon my experiences with workplace bullying as a reporter at a Southern newspaper to illustrate how white workspaces can be harmful for Black women and their identity. Critical race theory's social construction of race thesis and the theory's emphasis on storytelling via the voice of color thesis were used to explore bullying and lack of acknowledgement for the bullying that took place in the white newsroom. This paper also drew from communication literature that focuses on workplace bullying, gender, and identity. The analysis of my experiences and literature shed light on the isolation and bullying found within white newsrooms. I offer my newsroom experiences in hopes of creating changes in newsroom culture for Black female journalists and white newsrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on body appreciation across the lifespan has produced conflicting results that it increases with age, decreases with age, or is generally stable with an increase in women over 50-years-old. Furthermore, most of the research has been conducted in White, Western populations. Cross-cultural research suggests that both Chinese and African women experience similar sociocultural pressures as White Western women, and that appearance ideals are shifting to resemble a more Western ideal. We cross-sectionally and cross-culturally examined body appreciation across the lifespan, recruiting White Western women (UK, USA, Canada, and Australia), Black Nigerian women, and Chinese women. 1186 women aged 18–80 completed measures of body appreciation, internalisation of thin and athletic ideals, and perceived sociocultural pressure. Body appreciation did not vary with age in women from any country. Nigerian women reported the highest body appreciation, and Western women the lowest. Higher thin/athletic ideal internalisation, and higher perceived sociocultural pressure were significantly associated with lower body appreciation in all countries and age-groups. Overall, our findings indicate that although levels of body appreciation differ drastically between ethnicities and cultures, it is generally stable across age, and shows cross-culturally robust relationships between sociocultural internalisation and pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the U.S. there are significant racial and gender disparities in the uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Black Americans represented 14% of PrEP users in 2022, but accounted for 42% of new HIV diagnoses in 2021 and in the South, Black people represented 48% of new HIV diagnoses in 2021 but only 21% of PrEP users in 2022. Women who use drugs may be even less likely than women who do not use drugs have initiated PrEP. Moreover, women involved in community supervision programs (CSP) are less likely to initiate or use PrEP, More PrEP interventions that focus on Black women with recent history of drug use in CSPs are needed to reduce inequities in PrEP uptake. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis from a randomized clinical trial with a sub-sample (n = 336) of the total (N = 352) participants from the parent study (E-WORTH), who tested HIV negative at baseline were considered PrEP-eligible. Black women were recruited from CSPs in New York City (NYC), with recent substance use. Participants were randomized to either E-WORTH (n = 172) an HIV testing plus, receive a 5-session, culturally-tailored, group-based HIV prevention intervention, versus an HIV testing control group (n = 180). The 5 sessions included an introduction to PrEP and access. This paper reports outcomes on improved awareness of PrEP, willingness to use PrEP, and PrEP uptake over the 12-month follow-up period. HIV outcomes are reported in a previous paper. Results: Compared to control participants, participants in this study assigned to E-WORTH had significantly greater odds of being aware of PrEP as a biomedical HIV prevention strategy (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.64–6.46, p = 0.001), and indicated a greater willingness to use PrEP as an HIV prevention method (b = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.32, p = 0.004) over the entire 12-month follow-up period. Conclusions: These findings underscore the effectiveness of a culturally-tailored intervention for Black women in CSP settings in increasing awareness, and intention to initiate PrEP. Low uptake of PrEP in both arms highlight the need for providing more robust PrEP-on-demand strategies that are integrated into other services such as substance abuse treatment. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02391233. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Genomic tests, such as the Oncotype Dx 21-gene and Prosigna risk of recurrence (ROR-P) assay, are commonly used for breast cancer prognostication. Emerging data suggest variability between assays, but this has not been compared in diverse populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RNA sequencing was performed on 647 previously untreated stage I-III estrogen receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative tumors in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, which oversampled Black and younger women (age <50 years at diagnosis), using research versions of two common RNA-based prognostic assays: ROR-PR and the 21-gene recurrence score (RSR). Relative frequency differences and 95% CIs were estimated for associations with race and age, and hazards of 5-year local or distant recurrence were modeled with Cox regression. Proliferation and estrogen module scores from each assay, representing broad activity of genes in those pathways, were examined to guide interpretation of differences between tests. RESULTS: Among both younger and older individuals, Black women had higher frequency of intermediate and high ROR-PR scores than non-Black women. Race was not significantly associated with RSR in either age group. High (hazard ratio [HR], 4.67 [95% CI, 1.73 to 12.70]) and intermediate (HR, 2.12 [95% CI, 0.98 to 4.62]) ROR-PR scores were associated with greater risk of recurrence, but RSR did not predict recurrence. RSR emphasized estrogen over proliferation modules, whereas ROR-PR emphasized proliferation. Higher proliferation scores were associated with younger age and Black race in both assays. Modifications to the RSR algorithm that increased emphasis on proliferation improved prognostication in this diverse population. CONCLUSION: ROR-PR and the 21-gene RSR differentially emphasize estrogen-related and proliferative biology. The emphasis of 21-gene RS on estrogen-related biology and lower endocrine therapy initiation among Black women may contribute to poorer prognostic ability in heterogeneously treated populations. Prognostic value of breast cancer recurrence scores may vary by endocrine therapy adherence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]