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For decades the migratory phenomenon has been a constant feature in Italian economic development, and the numerous Italian communities, now well established in various foreign countries, are testimony to that historical dimension. Taking into account Italian statistical information, the author analyzes the main aspects of the Italian communities abroad and points out the stable features and changing aspects of the migratory streams in recent times. Concluding remarks deal with some measures that would be necessary to adopt in the future both towards the Italian communities abroad and in the field of the actual different types of migrants. As to data problems, even if Italian statistical information seems to indicate the basic trends, it fails to provide complete data regarding the actual size of the phenomenon. An international agreement seems to be the most pressing requisite at present for a harmonious flow of information based on a standard collection criteria.