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4. Effects of boundary layer forcing on wing-tip vortices

Author

Shaw-Ward, Samantha and Birch, D. M.

Subjects
629.132
Abstract

The nature of turbulence within wing-tip vortices has been a topic of research for decades, yet accurate measurements of Reynolds stresses within the core are inherently difficult due to the bulk motion wandering caused by initial and boundary conditions in wind tunnels. As a result, characterization of a vortex as laminar or turbulent is inconclusive and highly contradicting. This research uses several experimental techniques to study the effects of broadband turbulence, introduced within the wing boundary layer, on the development of wing-tip vortices. Two rectangular wings with a NACA 0012 profile were fabricated for the use of this research. One wing had a smooth finish and the other rough, introduced by P80 grade sandpaper. Force balance measurements showed a small reduction in wing performance due to surface roughness for both 2D and 3D configurations, although stall characteristics remained relatively unchanged. Seven-hole probes were purpose-built and used to assess the mean velocity profiles of the vortices five chord lengths downstream of the wing at multiple angles of attack. Above an incidence of 4 degrees, the vortices were nearly axisymmetric, and the wing roughness reduced both velocity gradients and peak velocity magnitudes within the vortex. Laser Doppler velocimetry was used to further assess the time-resolved vortex at an incidence of 5 degrees. Evidence of wake shedding frequencies and wing shear layer instabilities at higher frequencies were seen in power spectra within the vortex. Unlike the introduction of freestream turbulence, wing surface roughness did not appear to increase wandering amplitude. A new method for removing the effects of vortex wandering is proposed with the use of carefully selected high-pass filters. The filtered data revealed that the Reynolds stress profiles of the vortex produced by the smooth and rough wing were similar in shape, with a peak occurring away from the vortex centre but inside of the core. Single hot-wire measurements in the 2D wing wake revealed the potential origin of dominant length-scales observed in the vortex power spectra. At angles above 5 degrees, the 2D wing wake had both higher velocity deficits and higher levels of total wake kinetic energy for the rough wing as compared to the smooth wing.

Published
2016

5. Direct numerical simulation of vortices

Author

Jammy, S. P. and Birch, D. M.

Subjects
532
Abstract

A direct numerical simulation of a Batchelor vortex has been carried out in the presence of freely decaying turbulence, using both periodic and symmetric boundary conditions; the latter most closely approximates typical experimental conditions, while the former is often used in computational simulations for numerical convenience. A recently developed numerical method, based on compact schemes combined with three stage Runge-Kutta method for time integration, with projection method for enforcing continuity is used for numerical simulations. The Poisson solver used is a direct solver in spectral space. The higher-order velocity statistics were shown to be strongly dependent upon the boundary conditions, but the dependence could be mostly eliminated by correcting for the random, Gaussian modulation of the vortex trajectory, commonly referred to as wandering, using a technique often employed in the analysis of experimental data. Once this wandering had been corrected for, the strong peaks in the Reynolds stresses normally observed at the vortex centre were replaced by smaller local extrema located within the core region but away from the centre. Analysis of the budgets of turbulent kinetic energy and normal Reynolds stress suggest that the production budget during the growth phase of vortex development, resembles turbulent boundary layer type budgets. The analysis of the budgets of turbulent shear stresses shows that the formation and organization of `hairpin' (secondary) structures within the core is the main mechanism for turbulent production and the budget of TKE and radial tangential shear stress shows a turbulent boundary layer type budget.

Published
2015

7. The Effects of Aspect Ratio and End Condition on the Control of Free Shear Layers Development and Force Coefficients for Flow Past Four Cylinders in the In-line Square Configuration

Author

Lam, Kit, Zou, Lin, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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8. Strategies for Optimal Control of Global Modes

Author

Marquet, Olivier, Sipp, Denis, Jacquin, Laurent, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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9. Passive Multiscale Flow Control by Fractal Grids

Author

Seoud, R. E. E., Vassilicos, J. C., Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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10. Biomimetic Flight and Flow Control: Learning from the Birds

Author

Vepa, Ranjan, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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11. Vortex Shedding behind a Tapered Cylinder and Its Control

Author

Ramesh, O. N., Chopde, R. S., Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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13. Hydraulic Model of the Skin Friction Reduction with Surface Grooves

Author

Frohnapfel, Bettina, Lammers, Peter, Jovanović, Jovan, Delgado, Antonio, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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15. Experimental Optimization of Bionic Dimpled Surfaces on Axisymmetric Bluff Bodies for Drag Reduction

Author

Zhang, Chengchun, Ren, Luquan, Han, Zhiwu, Liu, Qingping, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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16. Improvement of the Jet-Vectoring through the Suppression of a Global Instability

Author

Chapin, Vincent G., Boulanger, Nicolas, Chassaing, Patrick, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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18. Flow Control in Turbomachinery Using Microjets

Author

Hiller, Sven-J., Ries, Tobias, Kürner, Matthias, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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19. ONERA/IEMN Contribution within the ADVACT Program: Actuators Evaluation

Author

Garnier, E., Pruvost, M., Ducloux, O., Talbi, A., Gimeno, L., Pernod, P., Merlen, A., Preobrazhensky, V., Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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20. Feedback Control Using Extremum Seeking Method for Drag Reduction of a 3D Bluff Body

Author

Beaudoin, Jean-François, Cadot, Olivier, Wesfreid, José Eduardo, Aider, Jean-Luc, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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22. Optimal Growth of Linear Perturbations in Low Pressure Turbine Flows

Author

Sharma, Atul S., Abdessemed, Nadir, Sherwin, Spencer, Theofilis, Vassilis, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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23. A Switched Reduced-Order Dynamical System for Fluid Flows under Time-Varying Flow Conditions

Author

Hamilton, Howard H., Kurdila, Andrew J., Jammulamadaka, Anand K., Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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24. Simulations of Feedback Control of Early Transition in Poiseuille Flow

Author

McKernan, John, Whidborne, James F., Papadakis, George, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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25. Active Cancellation of Tollmien-Schlichting Instabilities in Compressible Flows Using Closed-Loop Control

Author

Engert, Marcus, Pätzold, Andreas, Becker, Ralf, Nitsche, Wolfgang, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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27. Evolutionary Optimization of Feedback Controllers for Thermoacoustic Instabilities

Author

Hansen, Nikolaus, Niederberger, André S. P., Guzzella, Lino, Koumoutsakos, Petros, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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28. Low-Dimensional Tools for Closed-Loop Flow-Control in High Reynolds Number Turbulent Flows

Author

Hall, Joseph W., Tinney, Charles E., Ausseur, Julie M., Pinier, Jeremy T., Hall, Andre M., Glauser, Mark N., Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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29. Active Control of Laminar Boundary Layer Disturbances

Author

Gaster, M., Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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30. Multi-Scale Flow Control for Efficient Mixing: Simulation of Electromagnetically Forced Turbulent-Like Laminar Flows

Author

Hascoët, E., Rossi, L., Vassilicos, J. C., Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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31. Boundary Layer Control for Drag Reduction by Lorentz Forcing

Author

Xu, Peng, Choi, Kwing-So, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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32. Direct Numerical Simulation of Alternated Spanwise Lorentz Forcing

Author

Montesino, Stéphane, Thibault, Jean-Paul, Tardu, Sedat, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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33. Multi-Scale Flow Control for Efficient Mixing: Laboratory Generation of Unsteady Multi-Scale Flows Controlled by Multi-Scale Electromagnetic Forces

Author

Ferrari, S., Kewcharoenwong, P., Rossi, L., Vassilicos, J. C., Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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34. Minimum Sustainable Drag for Constant Volume-Flux Pipe Flows

Author

Marusic, Ivan, Joseph, D. D., Mahesh, Krishnan, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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35. An Improvement of Opposition Control at High Reynolds Numbers

Author

Pamiès, Mathieu, Garnier, Eric, Sagaut, Pierre, Merlen, Alain, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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36. Enhancement of Suboptimal Controllability in Wall Turbulence

Author

Doche, Olivier, Tardu, Sedat, Kubicki, Vincent, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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37. Control of the Shear-Layer in the Wake of an Axisymmetrical Airfoil Using a DBD Plasma Actuator

Author

Forte, Maxime, Jolibois, Jérôme, Moreau, Eric, Touchard, Gérard, Cazalens, Michel, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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38. Collaborative Studies on Flow Separation Control

Author

Siauw, Wei Long, Bonnet, Jean Paul, Tensi, Jean, Seifert, Avi, Stalnov, Oxana, Kumar, Vikas, Alvi, Farrukh, Atkinson, Callum Hugh, Trevor, Stephen, Gomes, Luis Daniel, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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39. Control of Subsonic Flows with High Voltage Discharges

Author

Magnier, Pierre, Dong, BinJie, Hong, Dunpin, Leroy-Chesneau, Annie, Hureau, Jacques, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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40. Models for Adaptive Feedforward Control of Turbulence

Author

Breuer, Kenneth, Wu, Kevin, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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43. Dynamic Surface Pressure Based Estimation for Flow Control

Author

Ukeiley, Lawrence, Murray, Nathan, Song, Qi, Cattafesta, Louis, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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46. Measurements of Synthetic Jets in a Boundary Layer

Author

Jabbal, Mark, Zhong, Shan, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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49. Model Reduction and Control of a Cavity-Driven Separated Boundary Layer

Author

Åkervik, Espen, Hœpffner, Jérôme, Ehrenstein, Uwe, Henningson, Dan S., Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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50. Synthetic Jets and Their Applications for Fluid/Thermal Systems

Author

Amitay, Michael, Gladwell, G. L. M., editor, Moreau, R., editor, Engelbrecht, J., editor, Freund, L. B., editor, Kluwick, A., editor, Moffatt, H. K., editor, Olhoff, N., editor, Tsutomu, K., editor, van Campen, D., editor, Zheng, Z., editor, Morrison, J. F., editor, Birch, D. M., editor, and Lavoie, P., editor

Published
2008
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