Gerald M. Mkoji, Ittiprasert Wannaporn, Xiao-Jun Wu, Julia B. Carleton, Gloria I. Giraldo-Calderón, Matty Knight, Catherine S. Jones, Anthony T. Papenfuss, Elio Hideo Baba, Brian J. Raney, Richard M. Cripps, Christine Coustau, Martin T. Swain, René Feyereisen, Judith E. Humphries, Nithya Raghavan, Kathryn M. Ryan, Céline Cosseau, Karl F. Hoffmann, Michael S. Blouin, Edwin J. Routledge, TyAnna L. Lovato, Min Zhao, Olga Baron, Fabiano Sviatopolk-Mirsky Pais, Mikkel Christensens, Sandra W. Clifton, Leonid L. Moroz, Maria G. Castillo, Damian L. Trujillo, Donald P. McManus, Emanuela V. Volpi, Liana K. Jannotti-Passos, Scott P Lawton, Joanna M. Bridger, Yesid Cuesta-Astroz, Eric S. Loker, David Duval, Fernanda Ludolf, Bronwyn Rotgans, Mónica Medina, Di Liang, Benjamin Gourbal, Izinara C Rosse, Catrina Fronick, Sarah K. Buddenborg, Roberta Lima Caldeira, Umar Niazi, Aurélie Kapusta, Christoph Grunau, Scott F. Cummins, Katherine M. Buckley, Milind Misra, Matheus de Souza Gomes, LaDeana W. Hillier, Iain W. Chalmers, Guillaume Mitta, Scott J. Emrich, Kathrin K. Geyer, Wander de Jesus Jeremias, Larissa L. S. Scholte, Laurence Rodrigues do Amaral, Juliana G Assis, Jacob A. Tennessen, Emmanuel A. Pila, Patrick C. Hanington, Andrew M. Shedlock, Wesley C. Warren, Chris Botka, Sandra Grossi Gava, Coen M. Adema, Janeth J. Pena, Satwant Kaur, Chad Tomlinson, Richard Galinier, Michelle A. Gordy, Bishoy Kamel, Guilherme Oliveira, Anne E. Lockyer, Jonathan P. Rast, Andrea B. Kohn, Daniel Lawson, Richard K. Wilson, Patrick Minx, Bryony C. Bonning, Peter C. FitzGerald, Christopher J. Bayne, Omar dos Santos Carvalho, Monica Munoz-Torres, Tianfang Wang, David Rollinson, Vince Magrini, Kyle K. Biggar, Titouan Quelais, Leslie R. Noble, Utibe Bickham-Wright, Francislon Silva de Oliveira, Cédric Feschotte, Daniel J. Jackson, Joris M. Koene, Michael J. Montague, Anthony J. Walker, Lucinda Fulton, Daniel S.T. Hughes, Susan Jobling, Rob Peace, Halime D. Arican-Goktas, Nathalie Dinguirard, Timothy P. Yoshino, Mohammed Yusuf, Cesar E. Montelongo, Michael E. Geusz, Sijun Liu, Si-Ming Zhang, Kenneth B. Storey, Leon di Stephano, Yanin Limpanont, Center for Evolutionary and theoretical Immunology, Biology, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], The McDonnell Genome Institute (MGI), Washington University in St Louis, INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, University of Aberdeen, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, George Washington University (GW), Division of Science & Mathematics, University of the District of Columbia, Fiocruz Minas - René Rachou Research Center / Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), sans affiliation, Biology Department, Medical University of South Carolina [Charleston] (MUSC), Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Analysis, Federal University of Uberlândia [Uberlândia] (UFU), Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London [Uxbridge], Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University (OSU), Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institute of Biochemisty and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Iowa State University (ISU), Department of Information Technology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Department of Human Genetics [Salt Lake City], University of Utah, Biology, New Mexico State University, New Mexico State University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research (WEHI), Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Genome Analysis Unit, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green State University, IBERS, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, University of Alberta, Department of Biology, Lawrence University, Lawrence University, Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Environment, Health & Societies, Environment and Health Theme, Brunel University London, Brunel University London, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Faculteit der Aard- en Levenswetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, University of Florida [Gainesville], Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Kingston University, Kingston University, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering (USC), Molecular Parasitology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Penn State System, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Department of Neuroscience (DEPARTMENT OF NEUROSCIENCE), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics lab Lorenzo and Pamela Galli, Melanoma Research Fellow Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Parasites and Vectors Division, London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research, Natural History Museum, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster [London] (UOW), Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences Pharmacy and Chemistry, Sequence characterization of the Biomphalaria glabrata genome was funded by NIH-NHGRI grant HG003079 to R.K.W., McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine. Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni were provided to some participating labs by the NIAID Schistosomiasis Resource Center (Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, MD) through NIH-NIAID Contract HHSN272201000005I for distribution through BEI Resources. C.M.A. and E.S.L. acknowledge NIH grant P30GM110907 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). Publication costs were contributed equally by McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine and the COBRE Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI) which is supported by NIH grant P30GM110907 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). E.S.L. acknowledges NIH/NIAID ROI AI101438. J.M.B., H.D.A.-G and M.K. acknowledge NIH-NIAID R01-AI0634808. M.Y. acknowledges UK BBSRC (BB/H022597/1). G.O. acknowledges support from FAPEMIG (RED-00014-14, PPM-00189-13) and CNPq (304138/2014-2, 309312/2012-4). R.L.C. acknowledges CNPq (503275/2011-5). T.P.Y. acknowledges NIH/NIAID RO1AI015503. K.F.H. and M.T.S. acknowledge BBSRC (BB/K005448/1). B.G. acknowledges ANR JCJC INVIMORY (ANR-13-JSV7-0009). S.E. acknowledges NIAID contract HHSN272201400029C. J.M.K. acknowledges the Research Council for Earth and Life Sciences (A.L.W., 819.01.007) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). R.M.C. acknowledges NIH GM061738 and support from the American Heart Association, Southwest Affiliate (14GRNT20490250). D.T. acknowledges NIH R25 GM075149. C.F. acknowledges NIH R01-GM077582. D.J.J. acknowledges D.F.G. JA2108/1-2. M.de S.G. acknowledges CNPq 479890/2013-7. K.M.B. and J.P.R. acknowledge NSERC 312221 and CIHR MOP74667. C.S.J., L.R.N., S.J., E.J.R., S.K. and A.E.L. acknowledge NC3R GO900802/1. K.K.B. and K.B.S. acknowledge NSERC 315051 and 6793, respectively. M.B. and C.J.B. acknowledge NIH RO1-AI109134. C.J.B. acknowledges NIH AI016137 and AI111201. B.R. acknowledges NHGRI 4U41HG002371. P.C.H., M.A.G. and E.A.P. acknowledge NSERC 418540. O.L.B. and Ch.C. acknowledge ANR-12-EMMA-0007-01. S.F.C. acknowledges Australian Research Council FT110100990., We thank S. Newfeld for discussion of actin evolution, N. El Sayed and H. Tettelin for discussion of HSP annotation and expression. We acknowledge access to the Metafer microscopy system at the I. Robinson Research Complex, Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxon, UK (BBSRC Professorial Fellowship, grant number BB/H022597/1)., Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), The George Washington University (GW), Fiocruz Minas - René Rachou Research Center / Instituto René Rachou [Belo Horizonte, Brésil], Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), European Bioinformatics Institute [Hinxton] (EMBL-EBI), EMBL Heidelberg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Animal Ecology, and Adema, Coen M.