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448 results on '"BIOLOGIE DU SOL"'

1. Biodiversité des vers de terre (Annelida, Clitellata) des milieux cultivés des Antilles françaises

Author

Gabriac, Quentin, James, Samuel, Dupont, Lise, Csuzdi, Csaba, Coulis, Mathieu, Gabriac, Quentin, James, Samuel, Dupont, Lise, Csuzdi, Csaba, and Coulis, Mathieu

Abstract

Les Antilles françaises font partie du " point chaud " de la biodiversité mondiale des îles de la Caraïbe. Le paysage de ces îles n'a cessé d'évoluer et de se modeler en fonction du contexte agricole. Aujourd'hui, les systèmes agricoles sont dominés par les bananeraies, les champs de canne à sucre, les pâturages et le maraîchage qui peuvent abriter une importante biodiversité de vers de terre (Annelida, Clitellata). Plusieurs études se sont intéressées aux vers de terre des milieux agricoles dans des années 1990, mais aucune synthèse n'a été réalisée à ce jour. L'objectif de ce travail est de dresser une liste complète des espèces de vers de terre des milieux agricoles des Antilles françaises en se basant sur une synthèse de la littérature et des nouvelles collectes. Les résultats de la synthèse bibliographique montrent la présence de 10 espèces déjà mentionnées dans la littérature. Les collectes récentes ont permis de recenser sept espèces nouvelles pour les Antilles françaises : Dichogaster (Dt.) annae (Horst, 1893), Dichogaster (Dt.) saliens (Beddard, 1893), Drawida barwelli (Beddard, 1886), Polypheretima taprobanae (Beddard, 1892), Onychochaeta windlei (Beddard, 1890), Periscolex brachycystis (Cognetti de Martiis, 1905) et Periscolex nevoi Csuzdi & Pavlíček, 2009. Ces nouvelles données ont également permis d'étendre l'aire de répartition connue de plusieurs espèces à des îles où aucune mention n'existait dans la littérature à ce jour. L'ensemble de ces données est intégré dans une clé de détermination richement illustrée permettant d'identifier 21 espèces dont la présence est avérée ou fortement probable dans les milieux cultivés des Antilles françaises.

Published
2024

2. Soil macrofauna communities in Brazilian land-use systems

Author

Brown, George G., Demetrio, Wilian C., Gabriac, Quentin, Pasini, Amarildo, Korasaki, Vanesca, Oliveira, Lenita J., Dos Santos, Julia C.F., Torres, Eleno, Galerani, Paulo R., Gazziero, Dionisio L.P., Benito, Norton P., Nunes, Daiane H., Santos, Alessandra, Ferreira, Talita, Nadolny, Herlon S., Bartz, Marie, Maschio, Wagner, Dudas, Rafaela T., Zagatto, Mauricio R.G., Niva, Cintia C., Clasen, Lina, Sautter, Klaus D., Froufe, Luis C.M., Seoane, Carlos Eduardo S., De Moraes, Anibal, James, Samuel, Alberton, Odair, Brandão Júnior, Osvaldino, Saraiva, Odilon, Garcia, Antonio, Oliveira, Elma, César, Raul M., Corrêa-Ferreira, Beatriz S., Bruz, Lilianne S.M., da Silva, Elodie, Cardoso, Gilherme B.X., Lavelle, Patrick, Velasquez, Elena, Cremonesi, Marcus, Parron, Lucília M., Baggio, Amilton J., Neves, Edinelson, Hungria, Mariangela, Campos, Thiago A., da Silva, Wagner L., Reissmann, Carlos B., Conrado, Ana C., Bouillet, Jean-Pierre, Gonçalves, José Leonardo M., Brandani, Carolina B., Viani, Ricardo A.G., Paula, Ranieri Ribeiro, Laclau, Jean-Paul, et al., Brown, George G., Demetrio, Wilian C., Gabriac, Quentin, Pasini, Amarildo, Korasaki, Vanesca, Oliveira, Lenita J., Dos Santos, Julia C.F., Torres, Eleno, Galerani, Paulo R., Gazziero, Dionisio L.P., Benito, Norton P., Nunes, Daiane H., Santos, Alessandra, Ferreira, Talita, Nadolny, Herlon S., Bartz, Marie, Maschio, Wagner, Dudas, Rafaela T., Zagatto, Mauricio R.G., Niva, Cintia C., Clasen, Lina, Sautter, Klaus D., Froufe, Luis C.M., Seoane, Carlos Eduardo S., De Moraes, Anibal, James, Samuel, Alberton, Odair, Brandão Júnior, Osvaldino, Saraiva, Odilon, Garcia, Antonio, Oliveira, Elma, César, Raul M., Corrêa-Ferreira, Beatriz S., Bruz, Lilianne S.M., da Silva, Elodie, Cardoso, Gilherme B.X., Lavelle, Patrick, Velasquez, Elena, Cremonesi, Marcus, Parron, Lucília M., Baggio, Amilton J., Neves, Edinelson, Hungria, Mariangela, Campos, Thiago A., da Silva, Wagner L., Reissmann, Carlos B., Conrado, Ana C., Bouillet, Jean-Pierre, Gonçalves, José Leonardo M., Brandani, Carolina B., Viani, Ricardo A.G., Paula, Ranieri Ribeiro, Laclau, Jean-Paul, and et al.

Abstract

Background: Soil animal communities include more than 40 higher-order taxa, representing over 23% of all described species. These animals have a wide range of feeding sources and contribute to several important soil functions and ecosystem services. Although many studies have assessed macroinvertebrate communities in Brazil, few of them have been published in journals and even fewer have made the data openly available for consultation and further use. As part of ongoing efforts to synthesise the global soil macrofauna communities and to increase the amount of openly-accessible data in GBIF and other repositories related to soil biodiversity, the present paper provides links to 29 soil macroinvertebrate datasets covering 42 soil fauna taxa, collected in various land-use systems in Brazil. A total of 83,085 georeferenced occurrences of these taxa are presented, based on quantitative estimates performed using a standardised sampling method commonly adopted worldwide to collect soil macrofauna populations, i.e. the TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme) protocol. This consists of digging soil monoliths of 25 x 25 cm area, with handsorting of the macroinvertebrates visible to the naked eye from the surface litter and from within the soil, typically in the upper 0-20 cm layer (but sometimes shallower, i.e. top 0-10 cm or deeper to 0-40 cm, depending on the site). The land-use systems included anthropogenic sites managed with agricultural systems (e.g. pastures, annual and perennial crops, agroforestry), as well as planted forests and native vegetation located mostly in the southern Brazilian State of Paraná (96 sites), with a few additional sites in the neighbouring states of São Paulo (21 sites) and Santa Catarina (five sites). Important metadata on soil properties, particularly soil chemical parameters (mainly pH, C, P, Ca, K, Mg, Al contents, exchangeable acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, Base Saturation and, infrequently, total N), particle size distrib

Published
2024

3. Influence of tree residue retention in Mediterranean forest on soil microbial communities responses to frequent warming and drying events

Author

Brunel, Caroline, Farnet Da Silva, Anne Marie, Lerch, Thomas Z., Gros, Raphael, Brunel, Caroline, Farnet Da Silva, Anne Marie, Lerch, Thomas Z., and Gros, Raphael

Abstract

In the coming decades, Mediterranean forests are likely to experience higher heat-wave frequency that may severely affect soil microbial functioning. Here, we studied the effects of warming intensification on soil microbial communities and tested whether certain types of Mediterranean plant residues favor soil biological resistance to frequent drying and warming events (FDW). To this aim, we set-up mesocosms in which soils originating from six Mediterranean forest stands (i.e, Quercus ilex and Q. pubescens and Pinus halepensis and P. sylvestris monospecific and mixed stands) were amended with corresponding coarse (crushed branches) and fine (crushed twigs with leaves/needles) woody debris. A quantity of residues corresponding to five-fold the equivalent of the quantity left on the floor after tree harvesting/logging (equivalent to 35 gC.kg−1 soil DW) was added to each pot, and mesocosms were laid out into a split-plot design and subjected to FDW. After nineteen months, soil physico-chemical properties and changes in microbial communities' diversity and structure, biomass and extracellular enzymatic activities were measured. We showed that FDW reduced the richness of the soil fungal community by ca. 11% and functional diversity by ca. 4% and increased bacterial richness by ca. 40%. We observed a drastic down-regulation of extracellular enzyme activities related with N and C cycles (respectively -44% for protease, -54% for cellulase and -31% for tyrosinase activities). We also found that residues inputs types (fine vs. coarse) only slightly mitigate those effects, while species origin did. Our study showed that residues retention could alleviate the consequences of hydric and thermic stresses on microbial communities by modulating communities' resistance in specific stands. These results suggest that tree residues retention, in specific stands, could contribute to sustain soil biological properties in the context of Mediterranean climate intensification.

Published
2023

4. Etude des effets des pratiques agricoles sur la diversité des macro-invertébrés du sol et leurs conséquences sur la décomposition de la matière organique : Cas des agroécosystèmes bananiers en Martinique

Author

El Jaouhari, Meryem and El Jaouhari, Meryem

Abstract

La macrofaune du sol joue un rôle majeur dans la provision de services écosystémiques tels que le recyclage des nutriments, le stockage du carbone et la modification de la structure physique du sol. En particulier, les invertébrés saprophages, en consommant une grande quantité de litière, modifient sa dynamique de décomposition et ainsi la remise en circulation des éléments nutritifs essentiels à la croissance des plantes. Il existe une grande diversité d'invertébrés saprophages, chacun ayant un effet spécifique sur le processus de décomposition, conduisant à des complémentarités d'usage des ressources (synergies). Il existerait ainsi une relation positive entre la diversité fonctionnelle des invertébrés du sol et le processus de décomposition. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier dans quelle mesure des pratiques agroécologiques novatrices peuvent restaurer la biodiversité du sol et les processus écologiques associés. Plus particulièrement, elle s'intéressera, i) d'une part au lien entre les pratiques agricoles et la composition des communautés d'invertébrés saprophages, ii) d'autre part, à la manière dont la composition de ces communautés influence le processus de décomposition et in fine la fourniture en éléments minéraux disponibles pour la culture ?

Published
2023

5. The input reduction principle of agroecology is wrong when it comes to mineral fertilizer use in sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Falconnier, Gatien, Cardinael, Rémi, Corbeels, Marc, Baudron, Frédéric, Chivenge, Pauline, Couedel, Antoine, Ripoche, Aude, Affholder, François, Naudin, Krishna, Benaillon, Emilie, Rusinamhodzi, Léonard, Leroux, Louise, Vanlauwe, Bernard, Giller, Ken E., Falconnier, Gatien, Cardinael, Rémi, Corbeels, Marc, Baudron, Frédéric, Chivenge, Pauline, Couedel, Antoine, Ripoche, Aude, Affholder, François, Naudin, Krishna, Benaillon, Emilie, Rusinamhodzi, Léonard, Leroux, Louise, Vanlauwe, Bernard, and Giller, Ken E.

Abstract

Can farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) boost crop yields and improve food availability without using more mineral fertilizer? This question has been at the center of lively debates among the civil society, policy-makers, and in academic editorials. Proponents of the “yes” answer have put forward the “input reduction” principle of agroecology, i.e. by relying on agrobiodiversity, recycling and better efficiency, agroecological practices such as the use of legumes and manure can increase crop productivity without the need for more mineral fertilizer. We reviewed decades of scientific literature on nutrient balances in SSA, biological nitrogen fixation of tropical legumes, manure production and use in smallholder farming systems, and the environmental impact of mineral fertilizer. Our analyses show that more mineral fertilizer is needed in SSA for five reasons: (i) the starting point in SSA is that agricultural production is “agroecological” by default, that is, very low mineral fertilizer use, widespread mixed crop-livestock systems and large crop diversity including legumes, but leading to poor soil fertility as a result of widespread soil nutrient mining, (ii) the nitrogen needs of crops cannot be adequately met solely through biological nitrogen fixation by legumes and recycling of animal manure, (iii) other nutrients like phosphorus and potassium need to be replaced continuously, (iv) mineral fertilizers, if used appropriately, cause little harm to the environment, and (v) reducing the use of mineral fertilizers would hamper productivity gains and contribute indirectly to agricultural expansion and to deforestation. Yet, the agroecological principles directly related to soil fertility—recycling, efficiency, diversity—remain key in improving soil health and nutrient-use efficiency, and are critical to sustaining crop productivity in the long run. We argue for a nuanced position that acknowledges the critical need for more mineral fertilizers in SSA, in combination

Published
2023

6. Référentiels et nouveaux indicateurs pour fonder une agriculture régénératrice

Author

Husson, Olivier, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Duru, Michel, Husson, Olivier, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, and Duru, Michel

Abstract

Les formes d'agriculture se revendiquant de l'agroécologie (agriculture biologique, agriculture de conservation des sols, agriculture régénératrice) sont souvent basées sur des principes ou des cahiers des charges qui ne garantissent pas toujours une réduction des impacts négatifs des pratiques ou un niveau de fourniture de services à la hauteur des promesses annoncées. La littérature fait ressortir les rôles indispensables des microorganismes du sol et du potentiel d'oxydo-réduction (ou rédox) en interaction avec le pH pour la santé du sol et des plantes. L'étude des processus écologiques montre comment il est possible de réduire fortement voire de s'affranchir, progressivement, des énergies fossiles et des intrants de synthèse, en combinant les choix des cultures et intercultures, la gestion de la biomasse, du sol et des intrants de synthèse (type et mode d'application). Sur ces bases, il est possible de contextualiser les pratiques à mettre en oeuvre selon l'état de santé du sol dont un indicateur simple est le rapport matières organiques% / argiles%.

Published
2023

7. Manipulation of the soil microbiome regulates the colonization of plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Author

Wilfrand Ferney Bejarano Herrera, Bruna Arruda, Agnès Robin, Davey L. Jones, Paul B. L. George, Fernando Dini Andreote, Denise de Lourdes Colombo Mescolotti, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Bangor University, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (Agrosavia), Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [Grant number 2016/21596-7], Soils Training and Research Studentship (STARS) grant from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and the Natural Environment Research Council [Grant number NE/M009106/1]., and CNPq for the research [Grant Proc. CNPq: 485116/2013-8].

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil biodiversity, Biologie du sol, Colonisation des racines, Plant Science, Mycorhization, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Colonisation de la rhizosphère, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial interactions, Genetics, Crotalaria juncea, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Colonization, Mycorrhiza, Arbuscular mycorrhiza [EN], Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Crotalaria, fungi, P34 - Biologie du sol, Phosphatase acide, General Medicine, Autoclaved soil, 15. Life on land, Diversity extinction methods, biology.organism_classification, Brachiaria, Horticulture, Microbial population biology, Soil water, Fungi-bacteria interaction, Phosphatase activity, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important symbionts of many plant species, facilitating the acquisition of soil nutrients by roots. We hypothesized that AMF root colonization is strongly influenced by the composition of the soil microbiome. Here, we evaluated mycorrhizal colonization of two plants, the grass Urochloa brizantha (Brachiaria) and the legume Crotalaria juncea (Crotalaria). These were cultivated in the same soil but hosting eight distinct microbiomes: natural soil (i); soil exposed to heat treatments for 1 h at 50 oC (ii), 80 oC (iii), or 100 oC (iv); sterilized soil by autoclaving (AS) followed by re-inoculation of dilutions of the natural soil community at 10(-1) (v), 10(-3) (vi), and 10(-6) (vii); and AS without re-inoculation (viii). Microbial diversity (bacteria and fungi) was assessed through 16S rDNA and ITS1 metabarcoding, respectively, and the soil acid phosphatase activity (AP(ASE)) was measured. Sequencing results showed the formation of distinct microbial communities according to the soil manipulations, which also correlated with the decline of AP(ASE). Subsequently, seedlings of Brachiaria and Crotalaria were grown in those soils inoculated separately with three AMF (Acaulospora colombiana, Rhizophagus clarus, and Dentiscutata heterogama) which were compared to an AMF-free control treatment. Brachiaria showed higher colonization in natural soil when compared to the microbial community manipulations, regardless of the AMF species inoculated. In contrast, two mycorrhiza species were able to colonize Crotalaria under modified microbial communities at similar rates to natural soil. Furthermore, Brachiaria showed a possible inverse relationship between AP(ASE) and mycorrhization, but this trend was absent for Crotalaria. We conclude that mycorrhizal root colonization and soil acid phosphatase activity were associated with the structure of the soil microbiome, depending on the plant species evaluated.

Published
2021
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8. Effets des pratiques agricoles sur les macro-arthropodes du sol dans les bananeraies de Martinique

Author

El Jaouhari, Meryem, Damour, Gaëlle, Mauriol, Christiane, Coulis, Mathieu, El Jaouhari, Meryem, Damour, Gaëlle, Mauriol, Christiane, and Coulis, Mathieu

Abstract

Les services écosystémiques rendus par la biodiversité du sol sont la clé d'une production alimentaire durable. En Martinique, la banane est la principale culture s'étendant sur 26 % de la surface agricole. Elle est cultivée en tant que monoculture d'exportation et subit une forte pression parasitaire nécessitant l'utilisation de produits phytosanitaires et la mise en oeuvre de pratiques souvent nuisibles pour la biodiversité du sol. Il est donc urgent d'identifier et de promouvoir les pratiques innovantes aidant à préserver cette biodiversité. Cette étude vise donc à déterminer l'effet des pratiques agricoles sur les macro-arthropodes du sol. Pour ce faire, nous avons sélectionné 25 parcelles de bananiers de manière à former un gradient de pratiques agricoles dans les agrosystèmes bananiers allant de pratiques agroécologiques aux pratiques intensives en intrants chimiques. Le gradient de pratiques comporte trois catégories représentant des pratiques agricoles contrastées : conventionnel, raisonnée, agroforesterie qui sont complétées par des forêts comme milieu non perturbé et des jachères comme état initial des bananeraies avant la plantation. De plus, nous avons étudié l'effet de la répartition des résidus de culture dans la parcelle, le petit inter-rang étant la zone où les feuilles de bananier sont déposées et le grand inter-rang étant la zone de passage des engins. L'abondance et la diversité des macroarthropodes du sol ont été mesurées par la méthode des quadrats, suivie d'une extraction de la litière et de sol par la méthode de Tullgren. Un total de seize ordres taxonomiques a été répertorié dans l'ensemble des parcelles de cette étude. Cependant, la diversité n'a pas significativement changé selon les pratiques agricoles. Nos résultats ont montré que l'abondance est plus élevée en parcelles raisonnées (1 187±146 ind/m²) que dans les parcelles conventionnelles (971±131 ind/m²). Les détritivores sont le groupe trophique le plus impacté par les pratiques agrico

Published
2022

9. Decay of similarity across tropical forest communities: Integrating spatial distance with soil nutrients

Author

Peguero, Guille, Ferrín, Miquel, Sardans, Jordi, Verbruggen, Erik, Ramírez-Rojas, Irene, Van Langenhove, Leandro, Verryckt, Lore T., Murienne, Jerome, Iribar, Amaia, Zinger, Lucie, Grau, Oriol, Orivel, Jérôme, Stahl, Clément, Courtois, Elodie A., Asensio, Dolores, Gargallo‐Garriga, Albert, LLusià, Joan, Margalef, Olga, Ogaya, Romà, Richter, Andreas, Janssens, Ivan A., Peñuelas, Josep, Peguero, Guille, Ferrín, Miquel, Sardans, Jordi, Verbruggen, Erik, Ramírez-Rojas, Irene, Van Langenhove, Leandro, Verryckt, Lore T., Murienne, Jerome, Iribar, Amaia, Zinger, Lucie, Grau, Oriol, Orivel, Jérôme, Stahl, Clément, Courtois, Elodie A., Asensio, Dolores, Gargallo‐Garriga, Albert, LLusià, Joan, Margalef, Olga, Ogaya, Romà, Richter, Andreas, Janssens, Ivan A., and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms that drive the change of biotic assemblages over space and time is the main quest of community ecology. Assessing the relative importance of dispersal and environmental species selection in a range of organismic sizes and motilities has been a fruitful strategy. A consensus for whether spatial and environmental distances operate similarly across spatial scales and taxa, however, has yet to emerge. We used censuses of four major groups of organisms (soil bacteria, fungi, ground insects, and trees) at two observation scales (1-m2 sampling point vs. 2,500-m2 plots) in a topographically standardized sampling design replicated in two tropical rainforests with contrasting relationships between spatial distance and nutrient availability. We modeled the decay of assemblage similarity for each taxon set and site to assess the relative contributions of spatial distance and nutrient availability distance. Then, we evaluated the potentially structuring effect of tree composition over all other taxa. The similarity of nutrient content in the litter and topsoil had a stronger and more consistent selective effect than did dispersal limitation, particularly for bacteria, fungi, and trees at the plot level. Ground insects, the only group assessed with the capacity of active dispersal, had the highest species turnover and the flattest nonsignificant distance−decay relationship, suggesting that neither dispersal limitation nor nutrient availability were fundamental drivers of their community assembly at this scale of analysis. Only the fungal communities at one of our study sites were clearly coordinated with tree composition. The spatial distance at the smallest scale was more important than nutrient selection for the bacteria, fungi, and insects. The lower initial similarity and the moderate variation in composition identified by these distance-decay models, however, suggested that the effects of stochastic sampling were important at this smaller spatial

Published
2022

10. Influences of Farming Practices on Soil Properties and the 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline Content of Khao Dawk Mali 105 Rice Grains

Author

Kawiporn Chinachanta, Choochad Santasup, Laetitia Herrmann, Didier Lesueur, Arawan Shutsrirung, Sakda Jongkaewwattana, Chiang Mai University (CMU), The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Hanoi], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Agriculture (General), Biologie du sol, 01 natural sciences, S1-972, chemistry.chemical_compound, Microbiologie, Humic acid, GE1-350, Soil properties, riz, F07 - Façons culturales, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pratique culturale, Caractéristiques du sol, Article Subject, Population, Soil Science, Oryza sativa, Biology, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, Matière organique du sol, Rice farming, Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires, education, Earth-Surface Processes, business.industry, Soil organic matter, P34 - Biologie du sol, Soil quality, Environmental sciences, chemistry, Agronomy, Agriculture, Système d'exploitation agricole, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) is a premium fragrant rice variety and is widely grown in Thung Kula Rong Hai (TKR), northeast Thailand. In the present study, the influence of organic and conventional rice farming (ORF and CRF, respectively) in TKR farmers’ paddy fields on soil properties and their relationship with 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) in KDML105 rice grains were investigated. The results indicated that the ORF system had a strong positive effect on major soil quality indicators and the 2AP content in the rice grains. The soil organic matter (SOM) was approximately twice as much in the ORF than in the CRF system, thus leading to much higher total nitrogen (TN), humic acid (HA), and microbial populations in the ORF system. The higher SOM in the ORF system not only enhanced the soil quality indicators but also contributed to approximately 3.5 times higher 2AP than in the CRF system. Principle component analysis indicated a close correlation among SOM, TN, HA, and microbial population under the ORF system; these variables exhibited strong correlations with the 2AP contents in KDML105 rice grains.

Published
2020
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11. Integrating biological indicators in a Soil Monitoring Network (SMN) to improve soil quality diagnosis - a case study in Southern Belgium (Wallonia).

Author

Krüger, Inken, Chartin, Caroline, van Wesemael, Bas, Malchair, Sandrine, and Carnol, Monique

Subjects
SOIL biology, SOIL quality, MINERALIZATION, GRASSLANDS, ECOLOGY, LAND management
Abstract

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2017

12. Impact des pratiques agricoles sur l'état biologique du sol : SIPANEMA, un outil d'aide à la décision basé sur les nématodes

Author

Villenave, Cécile, Chauvin, C., Henaux, M., Trap, Jean, and HORIZON, IRD

Subjects
pratiques agricoles, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, biologie du sol, Nématofaune, outil d’aide à la décision, diversité végétale, bio-indicateur, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, nématodes phytoparasites
Abstract

La caractérisation des nématodes des sols renseigne sur différentes fonctionnalités du sol, et en raison de cette qualité, les nématodes sont utilisés comme indicateurs biologiques des écosystèmes terrestres depuis les années 1990. Par ailleurs, parmi les nématodes présents dans le sol, certains sont phytoparasites, bio-agresseurs des racines, bien connus en agriculture et pour lesquels un contrôle rigoureux est requis sous peine de perte de production. Pour évaluer qualitativement et quantitativement la présence de ces organismes dans les parcelles agricoles, il est nécessaire de réaliser des analyses d'échantillons de sol en laboratoire. Afin d'avoir une première évaluation théorique, un outil de simulation de l'effet des pratiques sur les nématodes des sols nommé SIPANEMA (Scénarios d'impacts des pratiques agricoles sur l'état biologique du sol) a été développé. Le moteur de calcul de l'outil utilise des données scientifiques issues de 2 bases de données : (1) des résultats d'une méta-analyse qui quantifie l'impact des pratiques agricoles (labour, pesticides, fertilisation, rotation, diversité végétale) sur la nématofaune et (2) Nemabase (Université de Davis, USA) qui synthétise les données scientifiques spécifiques pour les nématodes phytoparasites. SIPANEMA simule deux risques : le risque sur le fonctionnement biologique (RFB) et le risque de pression parasitaire due aux nématodes phytoparasites (RPP) à partir de la description des pratiques et de la diversité végétale présente sur la parcelle considérée renseignées par l'utilisateur de l'application en ligne. Cet outil innovant permet de sensibiliser les professionnels de l'agriculture sur les rôles joués par les nématodes et sur les effets des pratiques mises en oeuvre dans des parcelles agricoles, d'identifier les parcelles à risque fort aussi bien en termes de perte de biodiversité que de pression phytoparasitaire, de hiérarchiser les parcelles pour des efforts de suivi de symptômes ou de diagnostic faunistique, et propose de simuler l'effet de changements de pratiques.

Published
2022

13. Relationships between physico-chemical, biological and functional approaches for soil quality assessment. A case study along a gradient of disturbance

Author

Heepngoen, Pusanisa, Thoumazeau, Alexis, Renevier, Marie-Sophie, Sajjaphan, Kannika, Gay, Frédéric, Brauman, Alain, Heepngoen, Pusanisa, Thoumazeau, Alexis, Renevier, Marie-Sophie, Sajjaphan, Kannika, Gay, Frédéric, and Brauman, Alain

Abstract

The assessment of the impacts of land management on soil quality is crucial in the current environmental context. Among the many approaches available to assess soil quality, most of studies or monitoring programs consist in the measurement of stock measurements using an additive approach of physical, chemical and biological, parameters. More recently, functional methods have been developed to provide tools which better account the abiotic-biotic interactions. The objective of our study was to evaluate and compare the capacity of physico-chemical, biological and functional parameters to assess the effect of land management on soil quality over a gradient of disturbance based on rubber tree plantations in Chachoengsao province, Thailand. Three sets of indicators were applied based on i. soil physico-chemical analyses, ii. biological analyses, based on soil free-living nematode indices iii. functional analyses, with Biofunctool® indicators linked to three main soil functions (carbon transformation, nutrient cycling, soil structure maintenance). A soil quality index resulting from the aggregation of each set of indicators into a single score showed that functional assessment was the most sensitive to the gradient of disturbance. Co-inertia analysis between sets revealed a significant relationship between functional analysis and both physico-chemical and biological sets of indicators, whereas the two latter were not related. Our results validated the ability of the functional method to better reflect the complexity of the abiotic-biotic interactions of the soil system.

Published
2021

14. Impact of agroecological management on plant diversity and soil-based ecosystem services in pasture and coffee systems in the Atlantic forest of Brazil

Author

Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, Bianchi, Felix J.J.A., Cardoso, Irene Maria, Tittonell, Pablo, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Teixeira, Heitor Mancini, Bianchi, Felix J.J.A., Cardoso, Irene Maria, Tittonell, Pablo, and Peña-Claros, Marielos

Abstract

The development of agroecosystems that can provide multiple ecosystem services with a reduced need of external inputs, requires management practices that foster ecological processes to enhance soil quality and crop productivity. We assessed the direct and indirect impacts of farmers' management practices on plant diversity, soil quality and crop productivity in coffee and pasture fields belonging to different types of farms: agroeco-logical, conventional, and large-scale. The study was carried out in twelve farms in the Zona da Mata, Brazil. For each of the total of 24 fields (twelve pastures and twelve coffee) we recorded 41 variables associated with management practices, indicators of plant diversity (taxonomical, structural and functional diversity) and soil quality (biological, chemical and physical properties). The direct and indirect effects of management on plant diversity, soil quality and in the case of coffee, crop productivity, were assessed using structural equation models. In the case of pastures, we found that increased plant diversity due to agroecological management resulted in higher soil quality, probably due to higher soil litter cover and plant structural heterogeneity. Yet, practices presented in the agroecological farms also had a direct negative effect on soil quality, which indicates that increased plant diversity in pastures needs to be combined with other agroecological management practices than currently adopted. In the case of coffee, we show that despite the higher weeding intensity and higher use of external inputs in large-scale and conventional coffee farming systems, these practices did not result in increased soil quality or coffee productivity as compared to agroecological systems. In contrast, agroecological coffee management was associated with increased plant diversity, which, in turn, was positively associated with soil microbial biomass carbon. Our results highlight a causal pathway of agroecological management leading to incr

Published
2021

15. Shade trees have higher impact on soil nutrient availability and food web in organic than conventional coffee agroforestry

Author

Thierry Becquer, Marie Sauvadet, Karel Van den Meersche, Clémentine Allinne, Philippe Tixier, Jean-Michel Harmand, Elias de Melo Virginio Filho, Matthieu Chauvat, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agro-écologie, Hydrogéochimie, Milieux et Ressources (AGHYLE), UniLaSalle, Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Enseñanza (CATIE), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), World Agroforesty Centre, CGIAR, Partenaires INRAE, Agropolis Foundation, STRADIV project (no. 1504-003), and Agroforestry Systems with Perennial Crops Scientific Partnership Platform (PCP AFS-PC)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Biologie du sol, Arbre d'ombrage, Coffea, Agroforesterie, 010501 environmental sciences, Erythrina poeppigiana, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Soil, Nutrient, Soil food web, Soil functions, Soil pH, Waste Management and Disposal, 2. Zero hunger, Organic Agriculture, Agroforestry, Chaîne alimentaire, Forestry, Phosphorus, Coffea arabica, Nitrogen Cycle, Pollution, Food web, Terminalia, Costa Rica, Food Chain, Environmental Engineering, Management practices, Agriculture biologique, Soil fertility, Carbon Cycle, Species Specificity, Fertilité du sol, Environmental Chemistry, Agriculture traditionnelle, Shade type, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Shade tree, P35 - Fertilité du sol, P34 - Biologie du sol, 15. Life on land, K10 - Production forestière, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; Conventional, intensively managed coffee plantations are currently facing environmental challenges. The use of shade trees and the organic management of coffee crops are welcome alternatives, aiming to reduce synthetic inputs and restore soil biological balance. However, little is known about the impacts of the different types of shade tree species on soil functioning and fauna. In this paper, we assess soil nutrient availability and food web structure on a 17-year old experimental coffee plantation in Turrialba in Costa Rica. Three shade types (unshaded coffee, shaded with Terminalia amazonia, and shaded with Erythrina poepiggiana) combined with two management practices (organic and conventional) were evaluated. Total C and N, inorganic N and Olsen P content, soil pH, global soil fertility, and nematode and microarthropod communities were measured in the top 10 cm soil layer, with the objective of determining how shade tree species impact the soil food web and soil C, N and P cycling under different types of management. We noted a decrease in soil inorganic N content and nematode density under conventional management (respectively -47% and -91% compared to organic management), which suggested an important biological imbalance, possibly caused by the lack of organic amendment. Under conventional management, soil nutrient availability and fauna densities were higher under shade, regardless of the shade tree species. Under organic management, only soils under E. poeppigiana, a heavily pruned. N-2 -fixing species, had increased nutrient availability and fauna density, while T amazonia shade had a null or negative impact. The effects of coffee management and shade type on soil nutrient availability were mirrored by changes in soil food web structure. Higher fertility was recorded in soil with balanced food webs. These results emphasize the importance of the choice of shade tree species for soil functions in low input systems, more so than in fertilized systems

Published
2019
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16. Mixed Eucalyptus plantations induce changes in microbial communities and increase biological functions in the soil and litter layers

Author

Ademir Durrer, Brajesh K. Singh, Jun-Tao Wang, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves, Agnès Robin, Thiago Gumiere, Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso, and Jay Prakash Verma

Subjects
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, 0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, Biologie du sol, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bradyrhizobium, Culture en mélange, Acacia mangium, Organic matter, Transport des substances nutritives, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Eucalyptus, biology, MICROBIOLOGIA DO SOLO, Soil organic matter, P34 - Biologie du sol, Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Plantation forestière, K10 - Production forestière, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Rhizosphère, Agronomy, chemistry, Microbial population biology, Cycle de l'azote, Litter, Cycle du carbone, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Mixed plantations of Eucalyptus and N2-fixing trees are ecologically beneficial because they stimulate organic matter cycling and increase carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in the soil. However, the microbial mechanisms that contribute to the improvement of C and N dynamics remain poorly understood in managed forest ecosystems. Here, we evaluated interactions between the bacterial community and biological functions involved in C and N cycles in the soil and litter layers resulting from pure or mixed Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium plantations. We hypothesized that the mixed plantations induce changes in the bacterial community that would drive increases in C and N pools in soil and litter layers. We established a field experiment with treatments including pure E. grandis without (E) and with nitrogen fertilization (E + N), pure A. mangium (A), and mixed E. grandis and A. mangium (E + A). Soil and litter from all treatments were sampled 27 and 39 months after planting. We evaluated the soil and litter bacterial community and biological functions involved in C and N cycles (i.e., microbial and enzyme activities, functional gene abundance, and soil-litter nutrient cycling). The treatments A and E + A showed an increase in C and N contents in the organic soil fractions. We found higher bacterial diversity and OTU richness in soil and litter, and higher nifH gene abundance in the soil under A and E + A, when compared to pure E. grandis (especially E + N) plantation. Our data suggest that the total N content influences the bacterial community structure of the litter, which undergoes alterations according to the treatment and forest age. Equally, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium and Sphingomonas showed a positive correlation with nifH and soil N. Our study provided evidence that changes in the microbial community in mixed A. mangium and E. grandis plantations is correlated with increased C and N cycling. These findings have implications for increased productivity and environmental sustainability, besides allowing for the optimization of mineral fertilization in forest plantations.

Published
2019
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17. Relationships between physico-chemical, biological and functional approaches for soil quality assessment. A case study along a gradient of disturbance

Author

Alexis Thoumazeau, Alain Brauman, Kannika Sajjaphan, Marie-Sophie Renevier, Pusanisa Heepngoen, Kasetsart University (KU), Department of Soil Science, Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food, Land Development Department (LDD), DP-Hevea Research Platform in Partnership (HRPP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), This study was financially supported by the LMI LUSES (Dynamic of Land Use Changes and Soil Ecosystem Services), the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the framework of the Heveadapt project (ANR-14-CE03-0012), the French Institute for Natural Rubber (IFC), the companies SIPH, SOCFIN and MICHELIN within the program 'HeveaBiodiv'. Pusanisa Heepngoen PhD financial support was provided by the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant number PHD/0136/2557)., ANR-14-CE03-0012,HEVEADAPT,Comment les plantations familiales peuvent-elles s'adapter aux changements globaux?(2014), Kasetsart University - KU (THAILAND), Kasetsart University, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Université de Lausanne (UNIL)

Subjects
Manihot esculenta, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biologie du sol, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Interactions biologiques, Soil functions, Functional methods, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Physique du sol, Biofunctool (R), 2. Zero hunger, Acrisol, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Hevea brasiliensis, Propriété biologique, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Nutrient cycle, Disturbance (geology), Land management, Soil Science, Context (language use), Soil science, Microbiology, Soil quality, Physico-chemical properties, Qualité du sol, Propriété physicochimique du sol, Functional indicators, Co-inertia analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, Évaluation de l'impact, P34 - Biologie du sol, 15. Life on land, Gestion du sol, Soil structure, 13. Climate action, Insect Science, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Nematode indices, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; The assessment of the impacts of land management on soil quality is crucial in the current environmental context. Among the many approaches available to assess soil quality, most of studies or monitoring programs consist in the measurement of stocks using an additive approach of physical, chemical and biological, parameters. More recently, functional methods have been developed to provide tools which better account the abioticbiotic interactions. The objective of our study was to evaluate and compare the capacity of physico-chemical, biological and functional parameters to assess the effect of land management on soil quality over a gradient of disturbance based on rubber tree plantations in Chachoengsao province, Thailand. Three sets of indicators were applied based on i. soil physico-chemical analyses, ii. biological analyses, based on soil free-living nematode indices iii. functional analyses, with Biofunctool (R) indicators linked to three main soil functions (carbon transformation, nutrient cycling, soil structure maintenance). A soil quality index resulting from the aggregation of each set of indicators into a single score showed that functional assessment was the most sensitive to the gradient of disturbance. Co-inertia analysis between sets revealed a significant relationship between functional analysis and both physico-chemical and biological sets of indicators, whereas the two latter were not related. Our results validated the ability of the functional method to better reflect the complexity of the abiotic-biotic interactions of the soil system.Highlights:• Three sets of soil quality indicators were compared.• Functional indicators were the most sensitive to the gradient of disturbance.• Functional set of indicators was significantly linked to physico-chemical and biological sets.• The functional method Biofunctool® integrate both soil biotic and abiotic components.

Published
2021
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18. Influences of farming practices on soil properties and the 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline content of Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice grains

Author

Chinachanta, Kawiporn, Herrmann, Laetitia, Lesueur, Didier, Jongkaewwattana, Sakda, Santasup, Choochad, Shutsrirung, Arawan, Chinachanta, Kawiporn, Herrmann, Laetitia, Lesueur, Didier, Jongkaewwattana, Sakda, Santasup, Choochad, and Shutsrirung, Arawan

Abstract

Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) is a premium fragrant rice variety and is widely grown in Thung Kula Rong Hai (TKR), northeast Thailand. In the present study, the influence of organic and conventional rice farming (ORF and CRF, respectively) in TKR farmers' paddy fields on soil properties and their relationship with 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) in KDML105 rice grains were investigated. The results indicated that the ORF system had a strong positive effect on major soil quality indicators and the 2AP content in the rice grains. The soil organic matter (SOM) was approximately twice as much in the ORF than in the CRF system, thus leading to much higher total nitrogen (TN), humic acid (HA), and microbial populations in the ORF system. The higher SOM in the ORF system not only enhanced the soil quality indicators but also contributed to approximately 3.5 times higher 2AP than in the CRF system. Principle component analysis indicated a close correlation among SOM, TN, HA, and microbial population under the ORF system; these variables exhibited strong correlations with the 2AP contents in KDML105 rice grains.

Published
2020

19. Microbial symbionts and nutrient (N and P) sharing: Effect on soil microbial activity in the upland rice (Oriza sativa) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) intercropping

Author

Razakatiana, Adamson Tsoushima Ernest, Becquer, Thierry, Randriambanona, Herizo, Baohanta, Rondro Harinisainana, Andrianandrasana, Martial Doret, Le Roux, Christine, Duponnois, Robin, Ramanankierana, Heriniaina, Razakatiana, Adamson Tsoushima Ernest, Becquer, Thierry, Randriambanona, Herizo, Baohanta, Rondro Harinisainana, Andrianandrasana, Martial Doret, Le Roux, Christine, Duponnois, Robin, and Ramanankierana, Heriniaina

Abstract

The symbiotic association (plant-soil-microorganisms) has an important role in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake. The main objective of this study is to assess the potential of fungal and rhizobial symbionts as well as the importance of plant-soil-microorganism interactions on microbial dynamics. The upland rice and the beans were cultivated in mono or in co-culture using the rhizospheric soil of the upland rice and beans collected on plots treated with different levels of organic and mineral fertilizers. What about saying: Microbial (fungal and rhizobial) inoculate were constituted by root fragments (rice or bean) collected from previous crop and coded as I1 (root fragments from rice), I2 (root fragments from bean) and I3 (mixed root fragments from rice and bean). The results showed that soils inoculated with I1 and I3, were characterized by high phosphatase activity. These two treatments enhance also the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in the aerial part of upland rice intercropped with bean. These results suggest that the bean with its symbiont can be considered as ecological engineers that stimulate the biological functioning of soils and is beneficial for upland rice cultivation.

Published
2020

20. Biochar-based fertilizer: Supercharging root membrane potential and biomass yield of rice

Author

Chew, Jinkiat, Zhu, Longlong, Nielsen, Shaun, Graber, Ellen Ruth, Mitchell, David R.G., Horvat, Joseph, Mohammed, Mohanad, Liu, Minglong, van Zwieten, Lukas, Donne, Scott, Munroe, Paul, Taherymoosavi, Sara, Pace, Ben, Rawal, Aditya, Hook, James, Marjo, Chris, Thomas, Donald S., Pan, Genxing, Li, Lianqing, Bian, Rongjun, McBeath, Anna, Bird, Michael, Thomas, Torsten, Husson, Olivier, Solaiman, Zakaria, Joseph, Stephen, Fan, Xiaorong, Chew, Jinkiat, Zhu, Longlong, Nielsen, Shaun, Graber, Ellen Ruth, Mitchell, David R.G., Horvat, Joseph, Mohammed, Mohanad, Liu, Minglong, van Zwieten, Lukas, Donne, Scott, Munroe, Paul, Taherymoosavi, Sara, Pace, Ben, Rawal, Aditya, Hook, James, Marjo, Chris, Thomas, Donald S., Pan, Genxing, Li, Lianqing, Bian, Rongjun, McBeath, Anna, Bird, Michael, Thomas, Torsten, Husson, Olivier, Solaiman, Zakaria, Joseph, Stephen, and Fan, Xiaorong

Abstract

Biochar-based compound fertilizers (BCF) and amendments have proven to enhance crop yields and modify soil properties (pH, nutrients, organic matter, structure etc.) and are now in commercial production in China. While there is a good understanding of the changes in soil properties following biochar addition, the interactions within the rhizosphere remain largely unstudied, with benefits to yield observed beyond the changes in soil properties alone. We investigated the rhizosphere interactions following the addition of an activated wheat straw BCF at an application rates of 0.25% (g·g−1 soil), which could potentially explain the increase of plant biomass (by 67%), herbage N (by 40%) and P (by 46%) uptake in the rice plants grown in the BCF-treated soil, compared to the rice plants grown in the soil with conventional fertilizer alone. Examination of the roots revealed that micron and submicron-sized biochar were embedded in the plaque layer. BCF increased soil Eh by 85 mV and increased the potential difference between the rhizosphere soil and the root membrane by 65 mV. This increased potential difference lowered the free energy required for root nutrient accumulation, potentially explaining greater plant nutrient content and biomass. We also demonstrate an increased abundance of plant-growth promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere. We suggest that the redox properties of the biochar cause major changes in electron status of rhizosphere soils that drive the observed agronomic benefits.

Published
2020

21. Do diversity of plants, soil fungi and bacteria influence aggregate stability on ultramafic Ferralsols? A metagenomic approach in a tropical hotspot of biodiversity

Author

Nicolas Fernandez Nuñez, Julien Demenois, Fabian Carriconde, Luis Merino-Martín, Alexia Stokes, Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), and Equipe Sol & Végétation

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ferralsol, Ultramafic substrates, Biologie du sol, Biodiversity, Soil Science, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Soil metagenomic, Conservation des sols, Plant Science, Ecological succession, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Système racinaire, Faune du sol, Diversity index, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, New Caledonia, Saprotroph, Shannon index, Restoration ecology, Simpson index, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, fungi, P34 - Biologie du sol, Plant community, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, humanities, 13. Climate action, Metagenomics, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Aims: Understanding how soil aggregate stability (MWD) is influenced by microbial diversity and abundance can be crucial for ecological restoration in severely disturbed areas. We investigated the relationships between plant and soil microbial diversity and MWD of an ultramafic Ferralsol along a vegetational succession gradient in New Caledonia, where wildfires and extensive nickel mining have degraded the landscape. Methods: Five plant communities were studied. For each one, MWD, soil physicochemical parameters (e.g. soil organic carbon (SOC)), plant root traits and fungal abundance were measured. The diversity and structure of plant and microbial communities were respectively assessed via botanical inventories and a metagenomic approach. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to assess the influence of diversity indexes on MWD. Constrained ordinations (CCA) were performed to assess the influence of communities' structures on MWD. Results GLM highlighted the linkage between SOC and MWD but did not identify any significant influence of diversity indexes on MWD. CCA revealed a significant influence of communities' structures, especially the abundance of saprotrophic fungi, on MWD. Conclusions: We showed that the structure, but not species richness and diversity of plants, soil fungi and bacteria influence aggregate stability on Ferralsols.

Published
2020
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22. Est-ce que l’hétérogénéité de vestiges de charbonnières impacte les invertébrés du sol ?

Author

Normand, Matthieu, Barret, Maialen, Gandois, Laure, Charles, Gers, Py, Vanessa, Le Roux, G., Pey, Benjamin, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS UMR 5602 GEODE, and ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, traits fonctionnels, biologie du sol, OHM Pyrénées, histoire, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, charbonnière, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, LABEX DRIIHM
Abstract

National audience; Les invertébrés du sol présentent une très grande diversité de formes de vie qui participent au fonctionnement du sol (e.g. décomposition de la matière organique) et contribuent à de nombreux services écosystémiques (e.g. régulation du climat). Des facteurs environnementaux (e.g. contexte biogéographique, usage du sol) régulent les patrons des communautés. Toutefois, les événements historiques de quelques dizaines à quelques centaines d'années sont rarement pris en compte pour expliquer les patrons actuels. Depuis la période Romaine jusqu’au XXe siècle, les activités humaines en Europe ont impacté fortement les forêts, notamment par le charbonnage (production de charbon de bois). Le projet CHARCOFAUNA (Observatoire Homme Milieu Vicdessos - LabEx DRIIHM - INEE CNRS) a pour objectif d’évaluer l’effet des vestiges de charbonnières (replats avec un horizon enrichi en charbon) sur les invertébrés du sol. Elles sont un modèle d’événement historique à longue portée temporelle. Plus particulièrement, le projet vise à répondre à la question suivante : en quoi l’hétérogénéité inhérente des charbonnières (e.g. épaisseur de l’horizon enrichi en charbon) façonne les patrons des communautés d’invertébrés du sol ? Pour répondre à cette question, onze charbonnières ont été échantillonnées dans les Pyrénées ariégeoises (vallée d’Aulus-les-Bains). Ces charbonnières ont été préalablement caractérisées de manière archéologique (Py-Saragaglia et al., 2017). Les macro-invertébrés et méso-invertébrés du sol ont été collectés ainsi que des échantillons de sol pour évaluer les communautés microbiennes (e.g. champignons totaux et bactéries nitrifiantes) et pour analyses physiques (e.g. densité apparente) et chimiques (e.g. pH, CEC, analyses élémentaires CHNS/O). Les échantillons sont actuellement en cours de valorisation par le biais d’un stage de master II. L’objectif est de synthétiser l’ensemble des données dans un cadre conceptuel expliquant l’influence de l’hétérogénéité des charbonnières sur les patrons des communautés d’invertébrés du sol. Une approche basée sur les traits fonctionnels sera utilisée (base de données BETSI, http://betsi.cesab.org). Les traits seront choisis en amont sur la base d'hypothèses d'impact de l’effet de l’hétérogénéité des charbonnières sur les invertébrés. Par exemple, nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’une augmentation de la teneur en carbone d’origine pyrogénique réduirait la proportion d’individus à corps mou et/ou géophages.Références bibliographiques : Py-Saragaglia, V., Cunill Artigas, R., Métailié, J.-P., Ancel, B., Baron, S., Paradis-Grenouillet, S., Lerigoleur, É., Badache, N., Barcet, H., Galop, D., 2017. Late Holocene history of woodland dynamics and wood use in an ancient mining area of the Pyrenees (Ariège, France). Quat. Int., Anthracology: Local to Global Significance of Charcoal Science Part II 458: 141–157.

Published
2020

23. Intensifier les fonctions écologiques du sol pour fournir durablement des services écosystémiques en agriculture

Author

Blanchart, Eric, Trap, Jean, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondation Agropolis (Investissements d’Avenir Programme, ANR-10-LABX-0001-01, dans le cadre de l’I-SITE MUSE, ANR-16-IDEX-0006) à travers les projets Indice (ID 1403-031) et SECuRE (ID 1605-007), Fondation Française pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité à travers le projet CAMMISOLE (FRB- AAP-SCEN-2013 II), ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016), HORIZON, IRD, Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development - - AGRO2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0001 - LABX - VALID, and MUSE - - MUSE2016 - ANR-16-IDEX-0006 - IDEX - VALID

Subjects
BIOLOGIE DU SOL, MARTINIQUE, FERTILITE DU SOL, ZONE TROPICALE, BIODIVERSITE, SOL CULTIVE, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, AGROECOLOGIE, PRATIQUE CULTURALE, MADAGASCAR, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ETUDE DE CAS, SERVICE ECOSYSTEMIQUE, GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, INDICATEUR ECOLOGIQUE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study
Abstract

With the development of agroecology, soil plays an important role in the design of sustainable agricultural practices. The soils are the place of many processes operated by living organisms interacting with one another. They also provide much needed services provided by agrosystems and enable their sustainability. In the context of the agroecological transition, it becomes urgent to promote these ecological processes, to intensify them by appropriate practices considering the socio-economic constraints, and finally, to be able to measure them. First, we recall the ecological theories of the terrestrial ecosystem functioning to improve our consideration of the soil in the agroecological transition. Then, we describe the need to improve our knowledge of the relationships between biodiversity, processes, aggregated functions and agrosystem services in a global context where biodiversity, including the soil one, is highly threatened. This theoretical approach is illustrated by four studies conducted in the tropics demonstrating the possibility to intensify the soil processes and to solve an agronomic dysfunction. Finally, we highlight the need to define soil indicators based on ecological processes for an appropriate measurement of this intensification. In conclusion, we propose a methodological framework to optimize the ecological functions of the soil for a sustainable supply of services provided by agrosystems., Avec le développement de l'agroécologie, le sol prend une place importante dans la réflexion sur la mise en place de pratiques agricoles durables. Le sol est le siège de nombreux pro-cessus opérés par des organismes vivants agissant de façon interactive. Ces processus sont indispensables pour la durabilité des services rendus par les agrosystèmes. Dans le cadre de la transition agroécologique, il devient alors nécessaire et urgent de promouvoir ces processus écologiques, de les intensifier par des pratiques adaptées et partagées avec d'autres contraintes socio-économiques, et enfin, de pouvoir les évaluer. Dans un premier temps, nous rappelons les théories écologiques du fonctionnement des écosystèmes pour améliorer notre prise en compte du sol dans la transition agroécologique. Puis, nous décrivons le besoin d'améliorer notre connaissance de la relation entre biodiversité, processus, fonctions agrégées et services rendus par les agrosystèmes dans un contexte mondial où la biodiversité, y compris celle du sol, est menacée. Cette approche théorique est illustrée par quatre études menées en zone tropicale démontrant la possibilité d'intensifier les processus du sol pour résoudre un dysfonctionnement agronomique, suite à un examen scientifique rigoureux du fonctionnement de l'agrosystème. Enfin, nous rappelons le besoin de définir des indicateurs fonctionnels des sols basés sur les processus écologiques pour une évaluation appropriée de cette intensification. En conclusion, nous proposons un cadre méthodologique permettant d'optimiser les fonctions écologiques du sol pour une fourniture durable des services rendus par les agrosystèmes.

Published
2020

24. Le potentiel du monde du dessous

Author

Brauman, Alain, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agnèse, Jean-François (dir.), Dangles, Olivier (dir.), Rodary, Estienne (dir.), Verdier, Valérie (préf.), Sabrié, Marie-Lise (ed.), Mourier, Thomas (ed.), Lavagne, Corinne (ed.), Thivent, V. (rédac.), and HORIZON, IRD

Subjects
CONSERVATION DU SOL, BIOLOGIE DU SOL, AGRICULTURE, BIODIVERSITE, SANTE DU SOL, GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, FAUNE DU SOL, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity
Published
2020

25. Enzymes and C pools as indicators of C build up in short-term conservation agriculture in a savanna ecosystem in Cambodia

Author

Lyda Hok, Pamela Thaísa Bressan, Vira Leng, Rada Kong, Clever Briedis, Manuel R. Reyes, Daiani da Cruz Hartman, João Carlos de Moraes Sá, Stéphane Boulakia, Thiago Massao Inagaki, Florent Tivet, Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves, and Lucimara Aparecida Ferreira

Subjects
Résidu de récolte, Crop residue, Rotation culturale, Manihot esculenta, Glycine max, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Travail du sol, Biologie du sol, Teneur en matière organique, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Non-travail du sol, Soil management, Indicateur biologique, Biomasse, Cropping system, Savane, F07 - Façons culturales, biology, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Tillage, séquestration du carbone, Agroécosystème, agriculture de conservation, Activité enzymatique, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Soil Science, Oryza sativa, Matière organique du sol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Conventional tillage, P34 - Biologie du sol, Soil carbon, Crop rotation, Agronomy, Enzyme, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, biology.protein, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, Arylsulfatase
Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, particularly labile pools, and soil enzymes are good indicators of short-term impacts of soil management. We hypothesized that labile SOC pools drives C accumulation and enzyme activity can be an efficient indicator for C build up in short-term conservation agriculture. The aims of this study were to quantify the impacts of tillage and crop rotations with diverse crop residue inputs on changes in SOC labile pools and enzymatic activities in rice-, soybean- and cassava-based cropping systems designated as RcCS, SbCS and CsCS, respectively. The four treatments in each cropping system consisted of: conventional tillage (CT), no-till in which main crops (rice, soybean and cassava) were grown in a one-year frequency pattern (NT1) and, no-till in which the main crops were grown in bi-annual rotations with maize (NT2 and NT3). After 5 years experiment period, greater hot-water extractable organic C (HWEO-C) stocks of 61%, 55% and 53%, and permanganate oxidizable C (POX-C) stocks of 23%, 21% and 32% were attributed to NT than those in CT soils under RcCS, SbCS and CsCS, respectively, at 0–5 cm soil layer. The pyrophosphate extractable organic C (PEO-C) and chemically stabilized organic C (CSO-C) stocks were almost constant in each depth among treatments, except 0–5 cm in CsCS. The β-glucosidase activity was 18%, 28% and 49% greater in NT than those in CT soils at 0–5 cm under RcCS, SbCS, CsCS, respectively. Arylsulfatase activity was 36% and 39% greater in NT than in CT under SbCS and CsCS, respectively but no significant differences in RcCS. A strong and positive correlation (P

Published
2018
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26. Forêts tropicales, changements d'usage des sols et risques infectieux émergents

Author

Guégan, Jean-François, De Thoisy, Benoit, Ayouba, Ahidjo, Cappelle, Julien, Guégan, Jean-François, De Thoisy, Benoit, Ayouba, Ahidjo, and Cappelle, Julien

Abstract

Les forêts intertropicales constituent une source exceptionnelle de diversité biologique spécifique en macro-organismes, mais elles se révèlent être aussi de véritables pépinières en micro-organismes. Ces cinquante dernières années, certains de ces micro-organismes, à l'origine présents chez des animaux forestiers ou hébergés dans l'environnement comme le sol ou l'eau, se sont dévoilés être des agents pathogènes plus ou moins sévères pour les populations humaines exposées. Dans cet article, nous discutons des interactions hôtes-micro-organismes rencontrées dans les forêts primaires en les abordant tant d'un angle macroécologique que d'un point de vue plus fonctionnel, en l'illustrant de quatre exemples d'agents microbiens émergents. Plus que tout autre déterminant, les modifications d'usages des sols, notamment au travers de la déforestation pour le développement d'une agriculture, et les contacts avec les micro-organismes via la biodiversité, particulièrement lors de la pratique de chasse, exposent des individus susceptibles à ces nouveaux dangers micro-biens. Avec la déforestation et des expositions croissantes avec la faune sauvage, le risque de nouvelles infections humaines devient une réalité internationale exigeant de la part des autorités publiques de mieux prendre en considération ces éléments pour la sécurité sanitaire mondiale.

Published
2019

27. Biomasse : Une histoire de richesse et de puissance

Author

Cordesse, Laure, Daviron, Benoit, Cordesse, Laure, and Daviron, Benoit

Abstract

Au XVIIe siècle, Rubens, Vermeer, Rembrandt et bien d'autres utilisaient le bois de chêne de la Baltique, le lin ou le chanvre de Silésie, le pastel de Toulouse, l'indigo des Indes… Chaque oeuvre était " une surface réduite où convergeaient des routes sillonnant le monde entier ", nous dit Benoit Daviron, l'auteur de ce livre. La grandeur de la peinture hollandaise témoigne de la capacité du pays à s'approvisionner en produits de biomasse lointaine, cette matière composée ou issue du vivant. La quête de la biomasse d'un ailleurs lointain écrira l'histoire des trois siècles suivants. Avant que, au XIXe, l'exploitation des énergies fossiles – la biomasse du passé – ne métamorphose les rapports à la biomasse immédiate. C'est une autre histoire, et une économie de l'agriculture plus vaste et plus globale, que Benoit Daviron nous propose. L'agriculture n'y est pas seulement alimentaire, ni la seule à fournir la biomasse. Comment, avant et après les énergies fossiles, les sociétés européennes ont-elles maîtrisé la distance et mobilisé le travail pour satisfaire leurs besoins croissants ? Quelles conséquences pour le reste du monde ? Au fil des périodes, nous découvrons que la capacité à mobiliser énergie et matière, et en particulier le vivant, est le miroir de la richesse et de la puissance du pays leader de son temps. Nous voyons se préciser les contours de l'agriculture dite naguère moderne, et aujourd'hui "conventionnelle" et le rôle central qu'a joué l'industrie chimique dans sa genèse. Cette lecture modifie nos interrogations sur l'avenir. Et, si le prochain leader est asiatique, quel rapport à la biomasse annonce-t-il ? S'appuyant sur une littérature abondante, Benoit Daviron nous présente une synthèse au-delà des frontières disciplinaires, dans laquelle se dessine une histoire longue, communique et politique, de la biomasse. S'il vise prioritairement enseignants, chercheurs et étudiants en agronomie et en économie agricole, ce livre intéressera les historiens et é

Published
2019

28. Complexity and composition of pasture swards affect plant productivity and soil organisms.

Author

McElroy, M. S., Papadopoulos, Y. A., and Adl, M. S.

Subjects
PASTURES, SOIL productivity, PLANT-soil relationships, SOIL microbiology, GRASSLAND plants, SOIL biology, PLANT communities
Abstract

The article discusses research on the effects of pasture swards' composition on the productivity of plants and soil organisms. It notes the relationship of primary productivity and soil organisms' communities to the diversity of the plant community and plant species. It also explores its implications on soil microorganisms, functional diversity, and sward composition and complexity. Also investigated are grassland plants particularly its soil biology and community.

Published
2012
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29. Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author

André L.C. Franco, Michiel Rutgers, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Thomas W. Crowther, Helen Phillips, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Olaf Schmidt, Matthew W. Warren, Shishir Paudel, Michael B. Wironen, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Basil V. Iannone, Aidan M. Keith, Amy Choi, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Boris Schröder, Olga Ferlian, Jaswinder Singh, Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias, Martin Holmstrup, Geoff H. Baker, Yahya Kooch, Rosa Fernández, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Lindsey Norgrove, Eric Blanchart, Madhav P. Thakur, Felicity Crotty, Steven J. Vanek, Thomas Bolger, Jan Hendrik Moos, Guillaume Xavier Rousseau, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, Iñigo Virto, Michael Steinwandter, Kelly S. Ramirez, Veikko Huhta, Ulrich Brose, Michel Loreau, Davorka K. Hackenberger, David J. Russell, Loes van Schaik, Salvador Rebollo, Jonatan Klaminder, Gerardo Moreno, Benjamin Schwarz, Julia Seeber, Yvan Capowiez, David A. Wardle, Bernd Blossey, Franciska T. de Vries, Christoph Emmerling, Robert L. Bradley, Courtland Kelly, Liliana B. Falco, Alexander M. Roth, Michael J. Gundale, Radim Matula, Andrea Dávalos, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Johan Neirynck, Monika Joschko, Marta Novo, Dolores Trigo, Jérôme Mathieu, Adrian A. Wackett, Anne W. de Valença, Elizabeth M. Bach, Daniel R. Lammel, Devin Routh, Madalina Iordache, Luis M. Hernández, Johan Pansu, Juan B. Jesús Lidón, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Maxim Shashkov, Ehsan Sayad, Martine Fugère, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Mark E. Caulfield, Klaus Birkhofer, Wim H. van der Putten, Iurii M. Lebedev, Alberto Orgiazzi, Miwa Arai, H. Lalthanzara, Raphaël Marichal, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Steven J. Fonte, Maria J. I. Briones, Raúl Piñeiro, Jean-François Ponge, Nick van Eekeren, Takuo Hishi, Julia Krebs, Joanne M. Bennett, George G. Brown, Birgitta König-Ries, Carlos Fragoso, Victoria Nuzzo, Anna Rożen, Scott R. Loss, Bart Muys, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Radoslava Kanianska, Irina V. Zenkova, Maria Kernecker, Abegail T Fusilero, Sandy M. Smith, Shaieste Gholami, Robin Beauséjour, Mac A. Callaham, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Yiqing Li, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Mujeeb Rahman P, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Erin K. Cameron, Diana H. Wall, Muhammad Rashid, José Antonio Talavera, Matthias C. Rillig, Armand W. Koné, Johan van den Hoogen, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Anahí Domínguez, Thibaud Decaëns, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Carlos A. Guerra, Guénola Pérès, Volkmar Wolters, Jiro Tsukamoto, Nico Eisenhauer, José Camilo Bedano, Weixin Zhang, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Visa Nuutinen, Joann K. Whalen, Christian Mulder, Sanna T. Kukkonen, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidade Positivo, Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Crowther Lab, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR210, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro International de Agricultura Tropical, Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Dept Ciencias Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, DS&OR-Lab, University of Paderborn, Laboratoire d'oncogénétique moléculaire, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, University of Innsbruck, Independent, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] (UPNA), McGill University, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Université de Leipzig, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Leipzig University, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Department of Terrestrial Ecology [Wageningen], Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural technology (LARMAT), College of 80 Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi (LARMAT), CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Cornell University [New York], UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Regional & Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Natural Resources Department, Razi University, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agricultural Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Agricultura Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Soil Physics and Land Management degradation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Sustainable Development and Environment Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', Experimental Infrastructure Platform, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Land Use and Governance, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, UR Gestion Durable des Sols, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Soil Science, ESALQ-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Forestry School - INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, CSIRO, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Computing, ESEI, Vigo, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Friends of the Mississippi River, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Institute of Ecology, Technical University of Berlin, College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Science, Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Earth Innovation Institute, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Kola Science Centre, Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems, Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary’s University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Production Systems, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departamento de Informática, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Vigo, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Dpto. Ciencias, IS-FOOD, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, University of Helsinki, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], School of Biology and Environmental Sciences (SBES), USDA Forest Service, University of Toronto, Aberystwyth University, Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Trier University of Applied Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Kyushu University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Department of Biology, University of Minho [Braga], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin (FU), Senckenberg Research Institute, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Cornell University, UMR 1114 'EMMAH', INRA, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-Sorbonne Universite, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Research Council, Academy of Finland, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Wageningen University and Research Centre, International Atomic Energy Agency, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Irish Government, University of Hawaii, U.S. Navy, Department of Science and Technology (India), Department of Defense (US), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Austrian Science Fund, Welsh Government, Science Foundation Ireland, University of Kentucky, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), University of Minho, Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, LITTER, Earth, Planet, Climate, Biologie du sol, Biodiversity, Facteur climatique, 01 natural sciences, Ver de terre, Ecosystem services, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Soil, Abundance (ecology), FORESTS, 11. Sustainability, DRIVERS, Biomass, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Earth, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, POPULATION-DENSITY, earthworm, distribution, diversity, pattern, PE&RC, MINHOCAS, Habitat, Plant Production Systems, international, L20 - Écologie animale, Biodiversité, Écosystème, Zone tropicale, Soil biology, Biocénose, Invertebrados, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, Zone tempérée, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Animals, Ecosystem, PLANT, Oligochaeta, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], 030304 developmental biology, Earthworm, Tropics, P34 - Biologie du sol, Species diversity, SHIFTS, Farm Systems Ecology Group, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, 15. Life on land, Ecología, biology.organism_classification, Soil Physics and Land Management, SOIL, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, PATTERNS, Linear Models, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, Planet, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, Zoology, Animal Distribution, Models Biological
Abstract

Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide., 677232 to N.E.). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.); the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.); DOB Ecology (T.W.C., J.v.d.H., and D.R.); ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.); and the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L.). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245); Tarbiat Modares University; Aurora Organic Dairy; UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391); Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12); Science for Global Development through Wageningen University; Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8); Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0); Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8); University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (HAW01127H; HAW01123M); European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171); U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047); Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542); Maranhão State Research Foundation (FAPEMA); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033); Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-020-01, ANR-09-STRA-02-01, ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01); Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441); Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main; Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606); SÉPAQ; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061); University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve; NKU College of Arts and Sciences Grant; Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426); Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala; UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520); GRDC; AWI; LWRRDC; DRDC; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Luján y FONCyT [PICT 2293 (2006)], Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, and SCHA 1719/1-2], CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316); NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932); Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago; Dean’s Scholar Program at UIC; Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund; J. E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at DePaul University; Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences; Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161; REN2000-0783/GLO; REN2003-05553/GLO; REN2003-03989/GLO; CGL2007-60661/BOS); Yokohama National University; MEXT KAKENHI (25220104); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026); ADEME (0775C0035); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P); Syngenta Philippines; UPSTREAM; LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal); Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607); National Science and Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306); McKnight Foundation (14-168); Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5); Brazilian National Council of Research CNPq; and French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Author contributions: H.R.P.P. led the analysis, data curation, and writing of the original manuscript draft. C.A.G. assisted in analyses and writing of the original manuscript draft. E.K.C. and N.E. revised subsequent manuscript drafts. J.v.d.H., D.R., and T.W.C. provided additional analyses. E.K.C., N.E., and M.P.T. acquired funding for the project. J.K., K.B.G., B.S., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., and G.B. contributed to data curation. H.R.P.P., C.A.G., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., G.B., O.F., A.O., E.M.B., J.B., U.B., T.D., F.T.d.V., B.K.-R., M.L., J.M., C.M., W.H.v.d.P., K.S.R., M.C.R., D.R., M.R., M.P.T., D.H.W., D.A.W., E.K.C., and N.E. contributed to the project conceptualization. All authors reviewed and edited the final draft manuscript. The majority of the authors provided data for the analyses. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: Data and analysis code are available on the iDiv Data repository (DOI: 10.25829/idiv.1804-5-2593) and GitHub (https://github.com/helenphillips/GlobalEWDiversity; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3386456).

Published
2019
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30. Multi-functional assessment of soil health under Conservation Agriculture in Cambodia

Author

Alexis Thoumazeau, Alain Brauman, Pascal Lienhard, Stéphane Boulakia, Ra Koy, Sambo Pheap, Florent Tivet, Lyda Hok, Clara Lefevre, Vira Leng, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 115 AIDA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Royal University of Agriculture (RUA), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries [Cambodia], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro

Subjects
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Suivi et d’évaluation, SOL CULTIVE, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, CYCLE BIOGEOCHIMIQUE, Soil functions, Cropping system, 2. Zero hunger, Soil health, BIOLOGIE DU SOL, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 6. Clean water, CAMBODGE, CARBONE, Oxisol, agriculture de conservation, cycle nutriments dans écosystèmes, Amélioration des sols, CONSERVATION DU SOL, Conservation agriculture, Soil Science, QUALITE, complex mixtures, Soil retrogression and degradation, Earth-Surface Processes, Travail du sol conventionnel, Conventional tillage, Structure du sol, MATIERE ORGANIQUE, P30 - Sciences et aménagement du sol, P34 - Biologie du sol, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION, 13. Climate action, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Système de culture, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

As a response to the worldwide challenge raised by soil degradation, Conservation Agriculture (CA) was proposed to help restoring the three main soil functions, i.e. carbon transformation, nutrient cycling and structure maintenance. However, there is still a lack of integrative studies that assess the overall impact of CA on soil health. To fill the gap, Biofunctooll (R), a set of in-field indicators, was developed to monitor changes in soil biological functioning. In this study, Biofunctool (R) was used to assess the impact of a conventional tillage (CT) and three CA annual-based cropping systems on soil health on a Cambodian Oxisol. Eight indicators related to the three soil functions were monitored and integrated into a Soil Quality index (SQI), i.e. the Biofunctool (R) Index. Overall, we found that soil health was twice higher under the CA treatments than under CT treatment. Although it was similar in the three CA treatments, the contribution of each soil function to the soil health diverged. An analysis of soil carbon dynamics also showed that CA support short-term soil organic carbon stabilization compared to CT. This study demonstrates that Biofunctool (R) is a robust, relevant, time-and cost-effective in-field assessment tool that can be used in multiple ways including cropping system management, capacity building of local stakeholders, and policy dialogue.

Published
2019
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31. Forêts tropicales, changements d'usage des sols et risques infectieux émergents

Author

Benoit de Thoisy, Julien Cappelle, Ahidjo Ayouba, Jean-François Guégan, Barthod, C. (introd.), Zmirou-Navier, D. (introd.), Barthod, C. (coord.), and Zmirou-Navier, D. (coord.)

Subjects
FORET, Biologie du sol, Biodiversity, MALADIE NEGLIGEE, RISQUE SANITAIRE, forêt tropicale, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Santé publique, EMERGENCE, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, INFECTION, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, 030212 general & internal medicine, SANTE PUBLIQUE, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Forestry, Geography, Global distribution, S50 - Santé humaine, Forêt, UTILISATION DU SOL, ECOLOGIE, Faune, EPIDEMIOLOGIE, FAUNE SAUVAGE, 030231 tropical medicine, Wildlife, Rainforest, Agent pathogène, 03 medical and health sciences, Deforestation, OCCUPATION SPATIALE, Transmission des maladies, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, 030306 microbiology, BIODIVERSITE, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Tropics, P34 - Biologie du sol, 15. Life on land, Déboisement, Agriculture, DEFORESTATION, business, AGENT PATHOGENE
Abstract

Les forêts intertropicales constituent une source exceptionnelle de diversité biologique spécifique en macro-organismes, mais elles se révèlent être aussi de véritables pépinières en micro-organismes. Ces cinquante dernières années, certains de ces micro-organismes, à l'origine présents chez des animaux forestiers ou hébergés dans l'environnement comme le sol ou l'eau, se sont dévoilés être des agents pathogènes plus ou moins sévères pour les populations humaines exposées. Dans cet article, nous discutons des interactions hôtes-micro-organismes rencontrées dans les forêts primaires en les abordant tant d'un angle macroécologique que d'un point de vue plus fonctionnel, en l'illustrant de quatre exemples d'agents microbiens émergents. Plus que tout autre déterminant, les modifications d'usages des sols, notamment au travers de la déforestation pour le développement d'une agriculture, et les contacts avec les micro-organismes via la biodiversité, particulièrement lors de la pratique de chasse, exposent des individus susceptibles à ces nouveaux dangers micro-biens. Avec la déforestation et des expositions croissantes avec la faune sauvage, le risque de nouvelles infections humaines devient une réalité internationale exigeant de la part des autorités publiques de mieux prendre en considération ces éléments pour la sécurité sanitaire mondiale.Les forêts intertropicales constituent une source exceptionnelle de diversité biologique spécifique en macro-organismes, mais elles se révèlent être aussi de véritables pépinières en micro-organismes. Ces cinquante dernières années, certains de ces micro-organismes, à l'origine présents chez des animaux forestiers ou hébergés dans l'environnement comme le sol ou l'eau, se sont dévoilés être des agents pathogènes plus ou moins sévères pour les populations humaines exposées. Dans cet article, nous discutons des interactions hôtes-micro-organismes rencontrées dans les forêts primaires en les abordant tant d'un angle macroécologique que d'un point de vue plus fonctionnel, en l'illustrant de quatre exemples d'agents microbiens émergents. Plus que tout autre déterminant, les modifications d'usages des sols, notamment au travers de la déforestation pour le développement d'une agriculture, et les contacts avec les micro-organismes via la biodiversité, particulièrement lors de la pratique de chasse, exposent des individus susceptibles à ces nouveaux dangers micro-biens. Avec la déforestation et des expositions croissantes avec la faune sauvage, le risque de nouvelles infections humaines devient une réalité internationale exigeant de la part des autorités publiques de mieux prendre en considération ces éléments pour la sécurité sanitaire mondiale.

Published
2019

32. Biomasse : Une histoire de richesse et de puissance

Author

Daviron, Benoit and Cordesse, Laure

Subjects
Biologie du sol, Agriculture intensive, Ressource énergétique, P34 - Biologie du sol, Faune du sol, Histoire, Biomasse, Biodiversité, B50 - Histoire
Abstract

Au XVIIe siècle, Rubens, Vermeer, Rembrandt et bien d'autres utilisaient le bois de chêne de la Baltique, le lin ou le chanvre de Silésie, le pastel de Toulouse, l'indigo des Indes… Chaque oeuvre était " une surface réduite où convergeaient des routes sillonnant le monde entier ", nous dit Benoit Daviron, l'auteur de ce livre. La grandeur de la peinture hollandaise témoigne de la capacité du pays à s'approvisionner en produits de biomasse lointaine, cette matière composée ou issue du vivant. La quête de la biomasse d'un ailleurs lointain écrira l'histoire des trois siècles suivants. Avant que, au XIXe, l'exploitation des énergies fossiles – la biomasse du passé – ne métamorphose les rapports à la biomasse immédiate. C'est une autre histoire, et une économie de l'agriculture plus vaste et plus globale, que Benoit Daviron nous propose. L'agriculture n'y est pas seulement alimentaire, ni la seule à fournir la biomasse. Comment, avant et après les énergies fossiles, les sociétés européennes ont-elles maîtrisé la distance et mobilisé le travail pour satisfaire leurs besoins croissants ? Quelles conséquences pour le reste du monde ? Au fil des périodes, nous découvrons que la capacité à mobiliser énergie et matière, et en particulier le vivant, est le miroir de la richesse et de la puissance du pays leader de son temps. Nous voyons se préciser les contours de l'agriculture dite naguère moderne, et aujourd'hui "conventionnelle" et le rôle central qu'a joué l'industrie chimique dans sa genèse. Cette lecture modifie nos interrogations sur l'avenir. Et, si le prochain leader est asiatique, quel rapport à la biomasse annonce-t-il ? S'appuyant sur une littérature abondante, Benoit Daviron nous présente une synthèse au-delà des frontières disciplinaires, dans laquelle se dessine une histoire longue, communique et politique, de la biomasse. S'il vise prioritairement enseignants, chercheurs et étudiants en agronomie et en économie agricole, ce livre intéressera les historiens et économistes, et aussi un public curieux des questions agricoles et alimentaires, de leurs enjeux passés et à venir.

Published
2019

33. CORIGAN: Assessing multiple species and interactions within images

Author

Philippe Tixier, Sacha Roudine, Dominique Carval, William Puech, Christine Pagès, Paul Tresson, Leïla Bagny Beilhe, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Image & Interaction (ICAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Bioagresseurs, analyse et maîtrise du risque (UPR Bioagresseurs), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (Cirad-Persyst-UR 26 GECO), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Bioagresseurs, analyse et maîtrise du risque (Cirad-Bios-UPR 106 Bioagresseurs), and Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Computer science, Biologie du sol, Image processing, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Convolutional neural network, Image (mathematics), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Complete information, Formicidae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, P34 - Biologie du sol, Pattern recognition, camera trapping [EN], Multiple species, Pipeline (software), Object detection, Range (mathematics), Imagerie, Araneae, Artificial intelligence, L20 - Écologie animale, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

International audience; Images are resourceful data for ecologists and can provide a more complete information than other methods to study biodiversity and the interactions between species. Automated image analysis however often relies on extensive datasets, not implementable by small research teams. We are here proposing an object detection method that allows the analysis of high-resolution images containing many animals interacting in a small dataset. 2. We developed an image analysis pipeline named 'CORIGAN' to extract the characteristics of animal communities. CORIGAN is based on the YOLOv3 model as the core of object detection. To illustrate potential applications, we use images collected during a sentinel prey experiment. 3. Our pipeline can be used to detect, count and study the physical interactions between various animals. On our example dataset, the model reaches 86.6% precision and 88.9% recall at the species level or even at the caste level for ants. The training set required fewer than 10 hr of labelling. Based on the pipeline output, it was possible to build the trophic and non-trophic interactions network describing the studied community. 4. CORIGAN relies on generic properties of the detected animals and can be used for a wide range of studies and supports. Here, we study invertebrates on high-resolution images, but the same processing can be transferred for the study of larger animals on satellite or aircraft images.

Published
2019
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34. Les sols, des milieux fragiles à protéger

Author

Demenois, Julien and Freycon, Vincent

Subjects
P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, C10 - Enseignement, Protection de l'environnement, Dégradation du sol, Biologie du sol, P34 - Biologie du sol, Conservation des sols
Published
2019

35. Systèmes complexes de la biologie aux territoires

Author

Arnaud, Nicolas (ed.), Jouve, Bernard (ed.), Müller, Jean Pierre (ed.), Amsallem, Isabelle (ed.), Crette, Aurélie (ed.), Hubert, Bernard (ed.), Arnaud, Nicolas (ed.), Jouve, Bernard (ed.), Müller, Jean Pierre (ed.), Amsallem, Isabelle (ed.), Crette, Aurélie (ed.), and Hubert, Bernard (ed.)

Published
2018

36. Peaks of in situ N2O emissions are influenced by N2O producing and reducing microbial communities across arable soils

Author

Florian Bizouard, Eric Justes, Joël Léonard, David Bru, Bruno Mary, Laurent Philippot, Luiz A. Domeignoz-Horta, Céline Peyrard, Aymé Spor, Marie-Christine Breuil, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Philippot, Laurent, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons (AGRO-LRM), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Unité d'Agronomie de Laon-Reims-Mons ( AGRO-LRM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Denitrification, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biologie du sol, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, nitrogen cycling, F01 - Culture des plantes, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Global and Planetary Change, Biotic component, denitrification, Ecology, Nitrification, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], greenhouse gas, Cycle de l'azote, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, tillage, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Arable land, Gaz à effet de serre, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, agroecosystems, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, 030106 microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, land-use, Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Nitrogen cycle, Changement climatique, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], P34 - Biologie du sol, 15. Life on land, equipment and supplies, nitrification, microbial diversity, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; Introduction Agriculture is the main source of terrestrial N2O emissions, a potent greenhouse gas and the main cause of ozone depletion ((Hu et al., 2015). The reduction of N2O into N2 by microorganisms carrying the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) is the only known biological process eliminating this greenhouse gas. Recent studies showed that a previously unknown clade of N2O-reducers (nosZII) was related to the potential capacity of the soil to act as a N2O sink (see Hallin et al., 2017 and references therein). However little is known about how this group responds to different agricultural practices. Here, we investigated how N2O-producers and N2O-reducers were affected by agricultural practices across a range of cropping systems in order to evaluate the consequences for N2O emissions Materials and Methods Soil samples were collected in spring 2014 from 4 experimental sites in France, which undergo a large range of agricultural practices. The abundance of both ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers was quantified by real-time qPCR, and the diversity of both nosZ clades was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. Denitrification and nitrification potential activities as well as in situ N2O emissions were also assessed. The physical and chemical soil characteristics were measured for all samples (INRA Laboratory of Soil Analysis, Arras, France) Results and Discussion Overall, greatest differences in microbial activity, diversity and abundance were observed between sites rather than between agricultural practices at each site. To better understand the contribution of abiotic and biotic factors to the in situ N2O emissions, we subdivided more than 59.000 field measurements into fractions from low to high rates. We found that the low N2O emission rates were mainly explained by variation in soil properties (up to 59%), while the high rates were explained by variation in abundance and diversity of microbial communities (up to 68%). Notably, the diversity of the nosZII clade but not of the nosZI clade was important to explain the variation of in situ N2O emissions fractions (Figure 1). I. Landscape Functioning – Microbes in the Landscape 61 Figure 1. Variation partitioning of in situ N2O emissions. (a) Variance of in situ N2O emissions was partitioned into soil physicochemical properties (S), abundance of N2O-producers and abundance of N2O-reducers (A), diversity of N2O-reducers (D), and by combinations of predictors. Geometric areas are proportional to the respective percentages of explained variation. The edges of the triangles depict the variation explained by each factor alone, while percentages of variation explained by interactions of two or all factors are indicated on the sides and in the middle of the triangles, respectively. (b) Variance partitioning of basal in situ N2O emissions (25% fraction), (c) variance partitioning of median in situ N2O emissions (50% fraction), (d), (e), (f) and (g) correspond to the variation partitioning of high N2O emissions of 75%, 90%, 95% and 99%, respectively. All numbers represent percentages. Only variance fractions ≥ 0.05% are shown. Conclusions Our results highlight the higher sensitivity of the nosZII- than nosZI-community to environmental factors. However, despite significant variations in the nosZII community across the sites examined, only a few of the studied agricultural practices resulted in shifts on the diversity of this community. Nevertheless, comparison of all plots across the different sites showed for the first time that a higher diversity of the nosZII community was concomitant with lower in situ fluxes. Moreover, our work also indicates that microbial communities were more important for explaining variations in high than in low N2O emissions. This work emphasizes the consideration that the N2O-reducing community should have when addressing process-related N2O fluxes, particularly in studies aiming at mitigating emissions.

Published
2018
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37. Rubber plantation ageing controls soil biodiversity after land conversion from cassava

Author

Pascal Alonso, David Sebag, Alain Brauman, Monrawee Peerawat, Aimeric Blaud, Chutinan Choosai, Philippe Thaler, Aymé Spor, Jean Trap, Nopmanee Suvannang, Tiphaine Chevallier, Kannika Sajjaphan, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Khon Kaen University, Land Development Department, UR 179 SeqBio, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes ( Eco&Sols ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), UPR Ecosystèmes de plantation, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Khon Kaen University [Thailand] (KKU), and Land Development Department (LDD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Soil biodiversity, Biologie du sol, Biodiversity, DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE, forêt tropicale, 01 natural sciences, Mycorhizé à vésicule et arbuscule, CHAMPIGNON, Âge, Micro-organisme, Fungal diversity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Utilisation des terres, S Agriculture, 630 Agriculture, Environmental microbiology, FERTILITE DU SOL, Ecology, MACROFAUNE, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plantation forestière, Houppier, Hévéa, Forêt, Biodiversité, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Culture and Communities, Soil biology, Chronosequence, Land management, Lumière, Manioc, Mycorhization, complex mixtures, 010603 evolutionary biology, Applied microbiology, Crop, Dominance (ecology), BIOMASSE, Bacteria, Perennial chronosequences, MICROBIOLOGIE DU SOL, BIODIVERSITE, P34 - Biologie du sol, 15. Life on land, K10 - Production forestière, PLANTATIONS, Régime sylvicole, Texture du sol, Agronomy, Bacterial diversity, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, CAOUTCHOUC, Agronomy and Crop Science, Soil macrofauna
Abstract

(IF 3.95; Q1); International audience; The rapid expansion of perennial crops is a major threat to biodiversity in Southeast Asia. The biodiversity losses related to the conversion of forest lands to oil palm or rubber plantations (RP) are well documented by recent studies. However, the impact of the conversion from intensively managed annual crops to perennial crops on soil biodiversity has not yet been addressed. This study aims at assessing the impact on soil biodiversity of a) the short-term effect of land use conversion from cassava crop to RP, and b) the long-term effect of RP ageing. Soil biodiversity (bacterial, fungal and macrofaunal), microbial activities and pedoclimatic characteristics were measured over a chronosequence of 1–25 years old of RP compared to cassava fields, the former crop, in Thailand. The conversion from cassava to young RP (1–3 yr) had a significant effect on microbial biomass and activities and fungal composition, but did not impact the bacterial and macrofaunal diversity. This effect of land use conversion could be explained by the change in land management due to the cultivation of pineapple in the inter-row of the young RP. Canopy closure appeared to be the main driver of soil biota shifts, as most of the biotic parameters, composition, abundance and activities were significantly modified after 7 years of RP. The changes of composition in older rubber plantations originated from the dominance of Trichoderma (fungi), Firmicutes (bacteria), and earthworms. Old rubber plantations (23–25 yr) harboured the highest microbial and macrofaunal biomass; however, they were also characterised by a significant decrease in bacterial richness. The change in pedoclimatic conditions across the rubber chronosequence, i.e. increase in soil moisture, litter and organic carbon content, was a stronger driver of soil biota evolution than land use conversion. The macrofaunal composition was more resistant to land use conversion than the bacterial composition, whereas the microbial biomass was sensitive to land use conversion, but showed resilience after 20 years. However, bacterial, fungal and macrofaunal diversity, macrofaunal and microbial biomass and microbial activities were all sensitive to RP ageing.

Published
2018
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38. Effects of a bacterivorous nematode on rice 32 P uptake and root architecture in a high P-sorbing ferrallitic soil

Author

Christophe Jourdan, Jean Trap, Eric Blanchart, Christian Morel, Andry Andriamananjara, Laetitia Bernard, Koloina Rahajaharilaza, Lilia Rabeharisoa, Thierry Becquer, Claude Plassard, Mahafaka Patricia Ranoarisoa, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire des Radio-Isotopes (LRI), Université d'Antananarivo, Université d'Antananarivo, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Nematoda, Biologie du sol, Soil Science, Oryza sativa, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Rhizobox technique, Acrobeloides sp, Nutrient, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Soil pH, Fertilité du sol, Madagascar, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Organic matter, Poaceae, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, P34 - Biologie du sol, food and beverages, Upland rice, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, Nutrition des plantes, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Agronomy, chemistry, Soil water, Dolomite lime, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Lateral root branching, 32P-labelling, Plant nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Soil bacterivorous nematodes are key plant mutualists that increase nutrient availability for plants either by enhancing the mineralization of organic compounds (the “mineralization pathway”) or by increasing plant lateral root branching following shifts in internal plant metabolism, and subsequently leading to a higher volume of soil prospected by the roots (the “hormonal pathway”). The effects of these organisms on the nutrition of plants growing in strongly nutrient-deficient ferrallitic soils, especially in soils with limited available inorganic phosphorus (P), are poorly known, as are the pathways involved. In our study, using Oryza sativa (Poaceae) and Acrobeloides sp. (Cephalobidae), we tested the “mineralization” and “hormonal” hypotheses in an acidic P-depleted Ferralsol from the Madagascar highlands. We assessed the effect of nematode inoculation on (i) inorganic P flow from soil to plant using the 32P labelling technique and (ii) plant root architecture using a rhizobox device. We showed that the ability of Acrobeloides sp. to enhance P uptake in plants is strongly limited in Ferralsols. However, when the soil pH was corrected with dolomite, Acrobeloides sp. increased plant P uptake probably through the “mineralization” pathway (higher microbial turnover). Indeed, the L-value increased by 49% in the presence of nematodes and dolomite, suggesting the production of unlabelled plant-available P, probably through a higher net P mineralization when the nematodes were inoculated. Using the rhizobox technique, we also observed increased root length in the presence of nematodes but the specific root length, the tip number and the root branching density did not increase in the presence of nematodes, suggesting that nematodes did not increase plant P uptake and growth in this soil as proposed by the “hormonal” hypothesis. From an ecological intensification perspective, to promote agro-ecological development in tropical regions, our results suggest that amending ferrallitic soils with P-rich organic matter and correcting soil pH with an appropriate amount of dolomite may constitute suitable agronomic actionable triggers to drive the mutualistic activity of bacterivorous nematodes.

Published
2018
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39. Potentialities of ecological engineering strategy based on native arbuscular mycorrhizal community for improving afforestation programs with carob trees in degraded environments

Author

Antoine Galiana, Robin Duponnois, M. Bressan, Jean Thioulouse, Mohamed Hafidi, Ezékiel Baudoin, Najat Manaut, Yves Prin, Hervé Sanguin, Lahcen Ouahmane, Ecologie quantitative et évolutive des communautés, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Mycorrhizal community, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biologie du sol, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Semi-arid ecosystems, Afforestation, Mycorrhizal inoculation, Mycorhizé, 2. Zero hunger, Rhizosphere, Pépinière forestière, Catabolisme, Agroforestry, Ecological engineering, Reconstitution forestière, Nutrient cycle, Environmental Engineering, Organisme indigène, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, Soil degradation, Bouture, Carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua, Inoculation, food, Soil retrogression and degradation, Revegetation, Croissance, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Resistance (ecology), fungi, P34 - Biologie du sol, 15. Life on land, Soil catabolic diversity, food.food, K10 - Production forestière, Rhizosphère, Zone aride
Abstract

Efficient afforestation programs are crucial to limit soil degradation in various arid and semi-arid ecosystems. However, the success of these programs is dependant to the plant type selected for revegetation and the methods used for seedling production. Exotic fast-growing trees have been largely planted but their use is currently controversial because of their potential negative ecological impacts. Whereas the positive impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal inoculation in nursery was demonstrated, few studies focused on the monitoring of mycorrhizal inoculation in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. In addition, the majority of studies are based on single-species inocula with non native AM fungal strains. The current study aims at evaluating the efficiency of mycorrhizal inoculation of the emblematic Mediterranean carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) in a Moroccan degraded site, through an ecological engineering strategy based on the use of a complex native AM community (naturally associated to carob trees). Results demonstrate the high potential of this approach by improving sustainably the growth and nutrient status of carob trees in a 3-year-old plantation and also by inducing a positive soil microbial environment for nutrient cycling and environmental stress resistance. (Resume d'auteur)

Published
2015
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41. Shifts in the bacterial community composition along deep soil profiles in monospecific and mixed stands of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium

Author

de Araujo Pereira, Arthur Prudêncio, Avelino Maia de Andrade, Pedro, Bini, Daniel, Durrer, Ademir, Robin, Agnès, Bouillet, Jean-Pierre, Dini Andreote, Fernando, Bran Nogueira Cardoso, Elke Jurandy, de Araujo Pereira, Arthur Prudêncio, Avelino Maia de Andrade, Pedro, Bini, Daniel, Durrer, Ademir, Robin, Agnès, Bouillet, Jean-Pierre, Dini Andreote, Fernando, and Bran Nogueira Cardoso, Elke Jurandy

Abstract

Our knowledge of the rhizosphere bacterial communities in deep soils and the role of Eucalyptus and Acacia on the structure of these communities remains very limited. In this study, we targeted the bacterial community along a depth profile (0 to 800 cm) and compared community structure in monospecific or mixed plantations of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis. We applied quantitative PCR (qPCR) and sequence the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize composition of bacterial communities. We identified a decrease in bacterial abundance with soil depth, and differences in community patterns between monospecific and mixed cultivations. Sequence analysis indicated a prevalent effect of soil depth on bacterial communities in the mixed plant cultivation system, and a remarkable differentiation of bacterial communities in areas solely cultivated with Eucalyptus. The groups most influenced by soil depth were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria (more frequent in samples between 0 and 300 cm). The predominant bacterial groups differentially displayed in the monospecific stands of Eucalyptus were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Our results suggest that the addition of an N2-fixing tree in a monospecific cultivation system modulates bacterial community composition even at a great depth. We conclude that co-cultivation systems may represent a key strategy to improve soil resources and to establish more sustainable cultivation of Eucalyptus in Brazil.

Published
2017

42. Short- and long-term influence of litter quality and quantity on simulated heterotrophic soil respiration in a lowland tropical forest

Author

Daniel Epron, Damien Bonal, Jacques Roy, Laëtitia Bréchet, Emma J. Sayer, Jean-Yves Goret, Valérie Le Dantec, Stéphane Ponton, Vincent Freycon, Lancaster University, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and ANR 12-LAB-XARBRE-01

Subjects
Litière forestière, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biologie du sol, fine roots, forêt tropicale, 01 natural sciences, Soil respiration, sensitivity analysis, Respiration du sol, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Abiotic component, leaf litter, Ecology, Composition chimique, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant litter, Houppier, Forêt, Écosystème forestier, Ecosystem respiration, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Heterotroph, heterotrophic soil respiration, century model, Environmental Chemistry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, decomposition, Global change, 15. Life on land, Tropical forest, Dégradation, Agronomy, plant traits, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, Sol de forêt, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, soil carbon dynamics, Cycle du carbone, Racine
Abstract

International audience; Heterotrophic soil respiration (SRH) alone can contribute up to 50% of total ecosystem respiration in tropical forests. Whereas the abiotic controls of SRH have been extensively studied, the influence of plant traits is less well characterised. We used field experiments and a modelling approach to test the relative influence of plant traits on SRH in lowland tropical forest in French Guiana. We measured leaf- and root litter traits for five common tree species and conducted a root decomposition experiment to evaluate the influence of root chemistry on decay rates. We measured SRH in trenched plots and used our field measurements to parameterize and test the Century model of soil C dynamics. Overall, the Century model performed well in simulating SRH, and species-specific root decomposition in Century corresponded well to decomposition rates measured in situ. Root litter characterized by low lignin-to-nitrogen ratios decomposed more rapidly than low-quality root litter during the first 6 months. Model runs over different time scales revealed that litter quality substantially influenced SRH on an annual time-scale by determining the rates of root- and leaf litter decomposition. However, litter mass had an overriding influence on SRH over the longer term in 20-year model runs. Synthesis Using simple plant trait data to parameterise the Century model, we were able to accurately simulate changes in SRH in a lowland tropical forest. Our results suggest that this approach could be used to predict changes in tropical soil C dynamics under global change scenarios by including data on changes in plant productivity and C inputs to the soil (for example litterfall and root turnover).

Published
2017
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43. Données et indicateurs de caractérisation des sols : quels apports pour l’agroécologie ?

Author

Bardy, Marion, Ranjard, Lionel, InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Gis Sol, ANR Ecomic, CASDAR Agrinnov, Ademe Bioindicateurs, France génomique, Unité INFOSOL (ORLEANS INFOSOL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité INFOSOL ( ORLEANS INFOSOL ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC )

Subjects
soil sciences, sciences du sol, rmqs, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], biologie du sol, biodiversité du sol, organisme du sol, base de données pédologique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], écologie du sol, donnée pédologique, gis sol, bdat
Abstract

Données et indicateurs de caractérisation des sols : quels apports pour l’agroécologie ? . Salon International de l'Agriculture (SIA) 2017

Published
2017

44. Désertification et système terre : de la (re)connaissance à l'action

Author

Duponnois, Robin, Prin, Yves, Loireau, Maud (ed.), and Ben Khatra, N. (ed.)

Subjects
Productivité des terres, Biologie du sol, agroécologie, Symbiose, P34 - Biologie du sol, Mycorhization, Rendement des cultures, Microbiologie, Développement durable, Agroécosystème, E14 - Economie et politique du développement
Published
2017

46. Relevance of taking into account the fine scale soil variability to assess the effects of agricultural inputs on soil characteristics and soil microbial communities : a case study of biochar application in a rubber plantation in North East Thailand

Author

Laetitia Herrmann, Marie-Elodie Le Guen, Agnès Robin, Didier Lesueur, Henri Robain, Lambert Bräu, Prapaipit Srimawong, Tatiana de Oliveira, and Wanpen Wiriyakitnateekul

Subjects
Soil biodiversity, Biologie du sol, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Soil management, Biochar, Cendre, Charcoal, Mycorhizé, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plantation forestière, tomographie, Pratique culturale, Hévéa, Field trial, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Soil horizon, Biodiversité, Soil Science, Soil science, complex mixtures, Fertilisation, Champignon du sol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Bambou, Bacteria, business.industry, P34 - Biologie du sol, K10 - Production forestière, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Species richness, business, F04 - Fertilisation
Abstract

In agricultural studies, estimating and testing differences between treatment regimes in a designed experiment usually determines the subsequent success or failure of inputs or management practices. Fine-scale soil variability of the experimental site can reduce statistical power and should be determined in order to optimize the experiment design. Although randomization is often performed, there is a probability that such randomization does not cover for fine scale soil variability. To determine the effect of this fine scale soil variability, a well characterized test system comprising of biochar's effects on soil microbial communities were studied, in conjunction with Electrical Resisitivity Tomography (ERT) to identify its role on biochar's differential interaction with soil microbial communities. Two main soil profiles were identified by the ERT survey and soil characteristics and soil microbial communities were differently affected by the biochar application with regards to soil profile. Fungal communities (mycorrhization intensity and fungal richness in particular) seemed to be more strongly affected than bacterial communities, however, these effects didn't show a similar trend in between the two studied soil profiles. Consequently, most of the effects of biochar application were masked by the soil variability of the experimental site when analysed in a nested design with randomization. Our results support the relevance of taking fine scale soil variability into account prior to the establishment of a field trial to optimize experimental design.

Published
2017

47. Les associations mycorhiziennes dans les sols : pour une meilleure maîtrise de la production végétale

Author

Duponnois, Robin, Wahbi, S., Sanguin, H., Ouahmane, L., Hafidi, M., Prin, Y., Briat, J.F. (coord.), and Job, D. (coord.)

Subjects
AGRICULTURE, COCULTURE, CONSEQUENCE ECOLOGIQUE, Biologie du sol, agroécologie, Symbiose, Mycorhization, Développement agricole, PRODUCTION VEGETALE, F01 - Culture des plantes, SYMBIOSE, Productivité des terres, P34 - Biologie du sol, INOCULATION, Rendement des cultures, Agroécosystème, SERVICE ECOSYSTEMIQUE, MYCORHIZE, RELATION SOL PLANTE, production, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Published
2017

48. Shifts in the bacterial community composition along deep soil profiles in monospecific and mixed stands of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium

Author

Jean Pierre Bouillet, Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira, Pedro Avelino Maia de Andrade, Ademir Durrer, Daniel Bini, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso, Agnès Robin, and Fernando Dini Andreote

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Biologie du sol, lcsh:Medicine, Plant Science, Forests, Biochemistry, Trees, Soil, Profondeur, Agricultural Soil Science, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Acacia mangium, Monoculture, lcsh:Science, Flowering Plants, Soil Microbiology, Eucalyptus, Rhizosphere, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, biology, Acacia, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plants, Soil Ecology, Terrestrial Environments, Acidobacteria, Nucleic acids, Arbre fixateur d'azote, Ribosomal RNA, Agricultural soil science, Biodiversité, Culture associée, Soil microbiology, Brazil, Research Article, DNA, Bacterial, Eucalyptus grandis, Fixation de l'azote, Cell biology, Conservation of Natural Resources, Cellular structures and organelles, Microbial Consortia, Soil Science, Firmicutes, Ecosystems, 03 medical and health sciences, Plant-Environment Interactions, Proteobacteria, Botany, Soil ecology, Non-coding RNA, Bactérie fixatrice de l'azote, Bacteria, Structure du sol, Plant Ecology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, P34 - Biologie du sol, RIZOSFERA, biology.organism_classification, K10 - Production forestière, 030104 developmental biology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, RNA, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, lcsh:Q, Ribosomes
Abstract

Our knowledge of the rhizosphere bacterial communities in deep soils and the role of Eucalyptus and Acacia on the structure of these communities remains very limited. In this study, we targeted the bacterial community along a depth profile (0 to 800 cm) and compared community structure in monospecific or mixed plantations of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis. We applied quantitative PCR (qPCR) and sequence the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize composition of bacterial communities. We identified a decrease in bacterial abundance with soil depth, and differences in community patterns between monospecific and mixed cultivations. Sequence analysis indicated a prevalent effect of soil depth on bacterial communities in the mixed plant cultivation system, and a remarkable differentiation of bacterial communities in areas solely cultivated with Eucalyptus. The groups most influenced by soil depth were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria (more frequent in samples between 0 and 300 cm). The predominant bacterial groups differentially displayed in the monospecific stands of Eucalyptus were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Our results suggest that the addition of an N2-fixing tree in a monospecific cultivation system modulates bacterial community composition even at a great depth. We conclude that co-cultivation systems may represent a key strategy to improve soil resources and to establish more sustainable cultivation of Eucalyptus in Brazil.

Published
2017

49. Integrating biological indicators in a Soil Monitoring Network (SMN) to improve soil quality diagnosis – a study case in Southern Belgium (Wallonia)

Author

Krüger, Inken, Chartin, Caroline, Wesemael, Bas van, Malchair, Sandrine, and Carnol, Monique

Subjects
040101 forestry, Belgique, Geography, Planning and Development, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, biological indicators, complex mixtures, réseau, soil biology, monitoring, Geography, biologie du sol, Belgium, indicateur biologique, networks, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, surveillance, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Description of the subject. Soil organisms and their activities are essential for soil ecosystem functioning and they can thus be used as pertinent indicators of soil quality. Recent efforts have been undertaken to include biological indicators of soil quality into regional/national monitoring networks. Objectives. The aim of this study was to provide a first dataset of six biological indicators and two eco-physiological quotients for two landscape units in Wallonia. These spatial units are characterized by homogeneous climate conditions, soil type, land-use and management (here, grasslands in the Ardennes, and croplands in the Loam Region).Method. Respiration potential, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, net nitrogen mineralization, metabolic potential of soil bacteria and earthworm abundance were measured at a total of 60 sites in two different landscape units (LSU). Variability within each LSU was studied. Data was synthesized through calculation of a comprehensive score and presentation as radar plots. Results. All selected biological indicators were significantly higher under grassland than under cropland soils, highlighting the biological indicators’ power of discrimination between main land use types. Variability within LSU depended on the biological indicator and was generally higher in grassland than in cropland soils. Each site could unambiguously be assigned to its landscape unit based on its calculated comprehensive score. Radar plots allowed an assessment of the distribution of values within a landscape unit at a glance.Conclusions. The pilot-study defined the first baseline values for agricultural soils in Wallonia and laid the foundation for a monitoring network of biological soil quality., L’intégration d’indicateurs biologiques dans un réseau de surveillance des sols afin d’améliorer le diagnostic de la qualité du sol – une étude de cas dans le sud de la Belgique (Wallonie)Description du sujet. Les organismes du sol ainsi que leurs activités sont essentiels pour le fonctionnement de l’écosystème du sol et peuvent être employés comme indicateurs pertinents de la qualité du sol. Des efforts ont récemment été menés pour intégrer les indicateurs biologiques de la qualité du sol dans les réseaux régionaux/nationaux de surveillance.Objectifs. Le but de cette étude était d’acquérir un premier set de données pour six indicateurs biologiques et deux quotients éco-physiologiques pour deux unités paysagères en Wallonie. Ces unités spatiales sont caractérisées par des conditions de climat, de type de sol et d’utilisation de terrain similaires (prairies en Ardenne et cultures en Région Limoneuse).Méthode. La respiration potentielle, la biomasse microbienne (le carbone et l’azote microbien), la minéralisation nette de l’azote, le potentiel métabolique des bactéries du sol et l’abondance de vers de terre ont été mesurés pour un total de 60 sites répartis dans les deux unités paysagères. La variabilité des mesures dans les unités de paysage est calculée. Les données sont synthétisées via le calcul de scores compréhensifs et la présentation sous forme de plots radar.Résultats. Tous les indicateurs biologiques sélectionnés présentent des valeurs significativement supérieures dans les sols de prairie par rapport à ceux de culture, soulignant le pouvoir discriminant des indicateurs biologiques pour les principales utilisations de sol. La variabilité dans les unités paysagères diffère selon l’indicateur biologique considéré et est généralement plus élevée pour les sols de prairie que ceux de culture. Chaque site peut sans équivoque être attribué à son unité de paysage sur base de son score compréhensif. Les plots radar illustrent la distribution des données.Conclusions. L\'étude pilote définit les premières gammes de valeurs pour les indicateurs biologiques dans les sols agricoles en Wallonie et présente une base solide pour un réseau de surveillance de la qualité biologique du sol.

Published
2017
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50. Functional Soil and Aerial Biodiversity

Author

Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Jacquot, Maxime, Deguine, Jean-Philippe, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
Lutte antiravageur, agrobiodiversité, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], agroécologie, Biologie du sol, P34 - Biologie du sol, H01 - Protection des végétaux : considérations générales, F40 - Ecologie végétale, L20 - Ecologie animale, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Agroécosystème, Gestion des organismes nuisibles, Dynamique des populations, Écologie animale, Biodiversité
Abstract

Functional Soil and Aerial Biodiversity

Published
2017

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