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ABSTRACT: Introduction: Similar presenting manifestations in early phase and lack of awareness of aetiology of acute febrile illness (AFI) are major challenges in management of AFI. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical College, from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023 in serologically diagnosed febrile patients attending the outpatient department or admitted. Clinical and epidemiological data and laboratory parameters were recorded in a pretested structured questionnaire study tool, and collected data were analysed on MS-Excel sheets with various charts and tables. Results: A total of 1711 serologically diagnosed febrile patients showed preponderance of dengue (38.3%), followed by leptospirosis (25%), scrub typhus (23.9%), malaria (12.6%), and enteric fever (1.92%). A majority of cases were male, less than 40 years of age, and from the rural population (73.2%), except in malaria (urban = 79.6%). The mean duration of fever was 9 days. Febrile cases were recorded maximum during the monsoon and postmonsoon periods (66.5%). The common manifestations are fever, headache (46.2%), pain abdomen (7.8%), nausea, and vomiting (9.4%). Thrombocytopenia with bleeding manifestation was higher in dengue (18%) cases. Mortality in dengue cases was recorded with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Scrub typhus cases showed seizure (8.3%) and altered sensorium (5%) due to fatal meningoencephalitis. Fatality in leptospirosis was mostly due to acute kidney injury (29.5%) and Weil's disease (4.4%). Conclusion: Misdiagnosis or incorrect diagnosis and delay in initiation of appropriate treatment results in increased morbidity and mortality in AFI. Determination of epidemiological features and clinical manifestations of AFI along with timely correct diagnosis will benefit clinicians in proper treatment initiation, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) were initially considered non-pathogenic contaminants but now have emerged as major pathogens because of increased isolation from clinical samples and emerging resistance to common antibacterial agents. Objectives: The study aims to determine the magnitude of NFGNB in clinical samples received at the Department of Microbiology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College, Kolkata, for a period of one year. Material and Methods: The samples were processed according to standard procedures; for identification and antibiotic susceptibility test, Vitek 2 Compact (Biomerieux©) was used. Results: Out of 725 bacterial isolates, 169 (23.31%) NFGNB were identified during the entire study period. Pseudomonas spp. (n = 84) was isolated most frequently, followed by Acinetobacter spp. (n = 73), Burkholderia cepacia (n = 7), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 5). Both Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. showed greater susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam and poor susceptibility against cefepime. Conclusion: It is necessary to identify these drug resistant pathogens in healthcare setup. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of these pathogens needs to be monitored to guide clinicians in better patient care and management by initiating proper antibiotic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]