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We evaluate the accuracy of model selection and associated short-run forecasts using beta autoregressive moving average ( β ARMA ) models, which are tailored for modeling and forecasting time series that assume values in the standard unit interval, ( 0 , 1 ) , such as rates, proportions, and concentration indices. Different model selection strategies are considered, including one that uses data resampling. Simulation evidence on the frequency of correct model selection favors the bootstrap-based approach. Model selection based on information criteria outperforms that based on forecasting accuracy measures. A forecasting analysis of the proportion of stored hydroelectric energy in South Brazil is presented and discussed. The empirical evidence shows that model selection based on data resampling typically leads to more accurate out-of-sample forecasts.

The aim of this paper is to unify the extended Mittag-Leffler function and generalized Q function and define a unified Mittag-Leffler function. Both the extended Mittag-Leffler function and generalized Q function can be obtained from the unified Mittag-Leffler function. The Laplace, Euler beta, and Whittaker transformations are applied for this function, and generalized formulas are obtained. These formulas reproduce integral transformations of various deduced Mittag-Leffler functions and Q function. Also, the convergence of this unified Mittag-Leffler function is proved, and an associated fractional integral operator is constructed.

In \cite{K-rig}, a map $\beta:\mathcal R\to\mathcal{B}el$ from the set $\mathcal R$ of equivalence classes of rigid germs of finite morphisms branched in germs of curves having $ADE$ singularity types onto the set $\mathcal{B}el$ of rational Belyi pairs $f:\mathbb P^1\to\mathbb P^1$ considered up to the action of $PGL(2,\mathbb C)$ was defined. In this article, the inverse images of this map are investigated in terms of monodromies of Belyi pairs., Comment: 27 pages

Fuzzy graph theory is finding an increasing number of application in modeling real time systems where the level of information inherent in the system varies with different levels of precision. Special fuzzy graph can be obtained from two given fuzzy graphs using the operations beta products. In this paper, we introduce the notions of some kinds of beta product of two fuzzy graphs. The concept of strong, regular and complement of [Formula: see text]-product of two fuzzy graphs and relation between them are also obtained. At the end, an application with a cryptographic object is said to be using the [Formula: see text]-product of fuzzy graphs.

In this paper, a system of nonlinear equations for the maximum likelihood estimators as wel as the exact forms of the Fisher information matrix for Crovelli's bivariate gamma distribution and bivariate gamma beta distribution of the second kind are determined. An application of the results to the rainfall data from the city of Passo Fundo are provided.

The authors would like to hereby acknowledge the support of the StatDisT group. This work is based upon research supported by the National Research foundation of South Africa, Reference: SRUG 190308422768 grant number 120839, IFR170227223754 grant number 109214 and SARCHI Research Chair UID: 71199. The opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at are those of the authors and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF.

The number of spanning trees of a graph G is the total number of distinct spanning subgraphs of G that are trees. Feng et al. determined the maximum number of spanning trees in the class of connected graphs with n vertices and matching number $$\beta $$ for $$2\le \beta \le n/3$$ and $$\beta =\lfloor n/2\rfloor $$ . They also pointed out that it is still an open problem to the case of $$n/3

In completely generic four-dimensional gauge-Yukawa theories, the renormalization group $$ \beta $$ β -functions are known to the 3–2–2 loop order in gauge, Yukawa, and quartic couplings, respectively. It does, however, remain difficult to apply these results to realistic models without the use of dedicated computer tools. We describe a procedure for extracting $$ \beta $$ β -functions using the general results and introduce , a dedicated Mathematica package for extracting the $$ \overline{\text {MS}} $$ MS ¯ $$ \beta $$ β -functions in broad classes of models. The package and example notebooks are available from the GitHub repository.

In a fuzzy set (FS), there is a concept of alpha-cuts of the FS for alpha in [0,1]. Further, this concept was extended into (alpha,delta)-cuts in an intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) for delta in [0,1]. One of the expansions of FS and IFS is the picture fuzzy set (PFS). Hence, the concept of (alpha,delta)-cuts was developed into (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in a PFS where beta is an element of [0,1]. Since a picture fuzzy graph (PFG) consists of picture fuzzy vertex or edge sets or both of them, we have an idea to construct the notion of the (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in a PFG. The steps used in this paper are developing theories and algorithms. The objectives in this research are to construct the concept of (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs), to construct the (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts coloring of PFGs, and to design an algorithm for finding the cut chromatic numbers of PFGs. The first result is a definition of the (alpha,delta,beta)-cut in picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs) where (alpha,delta,beta) are elements of a level set of the PFGs. Further, some properties of the cuts are proved. The second result is a concept of PFG coloring and the chromatic number of PFG based on the cuts. The third result is an algorithm to find the cuts and the chromatic numbers of PFGs. Finally, an evaluation of the algorithm is done through Matlab programming. This research could be used to solve some problems related to theories and applications of PFGs.

Covering-based multigranulation fuzzy rough sets are a natural extension of the multigranulation rough sets by replacing crisp sets with fuzzy sets. Recently, the covering-based multigranulation fuzzy rough sets in terms of the family of a fuzzy $$\beta $$ -neighborhoods is due to Zhan et al. (Artif Intell Rev 53(2):1093–1126). As a generalization to Zhan’s method which pointed to increase the lower approximation and decrease the upper approximation, the proposed article aims to introduce the notion of a family of fuzzy complementary $$\beta $$ -neighborhood and thus four types of covering-based optimistic (pessimistic) multigranulation fuzzy rough sets models are presented. Also, four new kinds of covering-based $$\mathcal {M}$$ -optimistic (pessimistic) multigranulation fuzzy rough sets models are constructed. Some characterizations of these models and its related with Zhan’s model are studied. A comparison between these new types of multigranulation fuzzy rough sets will be discussed. Finally, we apply our proposed models with an algorithm on certain forms of drugs which may help the expert in decision making, especially, in medicine.

We prove joint and disjoint discrete universality theorems for Dirichlet L-functions $$L(s,\chi )$$ and Hurwitz zeta-functions $$\zeta (s;\beta )$$ with rational parameter $$\beta \in (0,1]$$ . Our approach does not utilize Gallagher’s lemma, which is usually employed to prove discrete universality theorems. In our case, however, this would lead to certain difficulties when it is about estimating discrete second moments of L-functions. Therefore, we introduce a novel approach which is based only on Euler product representations and zero-density estimates of L-functions, as well as mean-value estimates for Weyl sums.

In this work, we treat subshifts, defined in terms of an alphabet $A$ and (usually infinite) forbidden list $F$, where the number of $n$-letter words in $F$ has "slow growth rate" in $n$. We show that such subshifts are well-behaved in several ways; for instance, they are boundedly supermultiplicative as defined by Baker and Ghenciu and they have unique measures of maximal entropy with the K-property and which satisfy Gibbs bounds on large (measure-theoretically) sets. The main tool in our proofs is a more general result which states that bounded supermultiplicativity and a sort of measure-theoretic specification property together imply uniqueness of MME and our Gibbs bounds. We also show that some well-known classes of subshifts can be treated by our results, including the symbolic codings of f(x) = $\alpha + \beta x$ (the so-called $\alpha$-$\beta$ shifts) and the bounded density subshifts of Stanley., Comment: 28 pages

Monotonicity is an appealing principle of relational power measures in social networks. It states that as the influence of an individual changes, the relational power measure should change in the same direction. We axiomatically characterize the $$\beta $$ - and score-measures on directed networks using three axioms: two different monotonicity axioms, the same symmetry axiom and two different efficiency axioms, respectively. For every individual, the $$\beta $$ -measure refers to a weighted sum over all dominated individuals by itself, in which for each dominated individual the weight is given by the reciprocal of the number of its dominators, while the score-measure refers simply to the number of dominated individuals by itself. We also extend the result for the score-measure to undirected networks.

On the basis of fractional calculus, we introduce an integral of controlled paths with respect to Holder rough paths of order $$\beta \in (1/4,1/3]$$ . Our definition of the integral is given explicitly in terms of Lebesgue integrals for fractional derivatives, without using any arguments from discrete approximation. We demonstrate that for suitable classes of $$\beta$$ -Holder rough paths and controlled paths, our definition of the integral is consistent with the usual definition given by the limit of the compensated Riemann–Stieltjes sum. The results of this paper also provide an approach to the integral of 1-forms against geometric $$\beta$$ -Holder rough paths.

Generalized Beta-G family of distributions proposed has alternative distributions to unbounded distributions for modeling price returns. In contrast to Gaussian and other unbounded distributions that take values from , Generalized Beta-G family of distributions takes values from so as to properly contain only positive valued observations like that of price returns. In line with this, Nine (9) befitting candidates of the Generalized Beta-G family of distributions were proposed and subjected to monthly prices of cereals. Chen distributional random noise outstripped other candidates of the Generalized Beta-G family of distributions to produce minimum monthly standard deviations of 0.2686 (26.86%), 0.2572 (25.72%), 0.2404 (24.40%), 0.2267 (22.67%), 0.2257 (22.57%), 0.2544 (25.44%), 0.2343 (23.43%), 0.2391 (23.91%), 0.2273 (22.73%) and 0.2465 (24.65%) for prices of Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Millet, G-corn, Cowpea, Groundnut, Beans, Wheat and Cassava respectively. Chen and Loglogistic distributional random noises are the leading candidates among the Generalized Beta-G family of distributions in modelling price returns of the cereals, followed by Frechet, Weibull and Birnbaum-Saunders random noises in order of significant. Lomax and Linear Failure Rate (LFR) are the ineffective random noises in modeling the price returns.

We construct a link in the 3 3 -space that is not isotopic to any PL link (non-ambiently). In fact, we show that there exist uncountably many I I -equivalence classes of links. The paper also includes some observations on Cochran’s invariants β i \beta _i .

Complex fuzzy coverings (CFCs) are the natural mixture of the complex fuzzy sets (CFSs) and coverings, which are the modified versions of the coverings by replacing crisp sets with CFSs. This manuscript aims to explore the complex fuzzy neighborhood operators (CFNOs) by introducing the notions such as $\beta $ -neighborhood system ( $\beta $ -NO), complex fuzzy $\beta $ -minimal description (CF $\beta $ -MND), and complex fuzzy $\beta $ -maximal description (CF $\beta $ -MXD). First, we explore the complex fuzzy $\beta $ -covering approximation space (CF $\beta $ -CAS) and then we propose the above notions and investigate their properties. Additionally, we construct the CFNOs based on the complex fuzzy $\beta $ -coverings (CF $\beta $ -Cs). Finally, the CF $\beta $ -Cs were derived by using CFNOs, and their properties are considered. These all notions are also verified with the help of suitable examples to show that the presented approaches are extensive, reliable, and proficient techniques.

In this paper we investigate the board game Cram, which isan impartial combinatorial game, using an alpha-beta solver. Since Cram is anotoriously hard game in the sense that it is difficult to obtain reliableand useful domain knowledge to use in the search process, we decided torely on knowledge obtained from Combinatorial Game Theory (CGT).The first and most effective addition to our solver is to incorporateendgame databases prefilled with CGT values (nimbers) for all positionsfitting on boards with at most 30 squares. This together with twoefficient move-ordering heuristics aiming at early splitting positions intofragments fitting in the available databases gives a large improvement ofsolving power. Next we define five more heuristics based on CGT thatcan be used to further reduce the sizes of the search trees considerably.In the final version of our program we were able to solve all odd x oddCram boards for which results were available from the literature (evenx even and odd x even boards are trivially solved). Investigating newboards led to solving two boards not solved before, namely the 3 x 21board, a first-player win, and the 5 x 11 board, a second-player win.

Convergence among regions to long-run, non-zero income differentials is predicted by mainstream and alternative spatial theories. A variety of convergence, considered by Sala-i-Martin (1996), focuses on the rank order over time. As some must be growing faster than others, intra-distributional mobility implies convergence of regions. A measure of this due to Boyle and McCarthy (1997) is the trend in rank concordance. As it is a measure of similarity between a given distribution with other sample period’s, we propose that Kendall’s criterion ranking coefficient, combined with concordance, provides better insight into intra-distributional mobility and convergence. Agreement with a distribution can be traced over a series to highlight the mobility over time. This has the advantage of revealing whether mobility entails converging from, reverting to or converging to an order. Although there are phases of sigma-convergence and divergence, what is found in an analysis of regional house prices is that the rank-order is little affected by cycle phase. In trend, the UK price distribution appears to converge to a hierarchy, corresponding better with a very large monocentric urban model or Zipf-type, than a core-periphery-type distribution of prices. The broadening of price spreads is likely to be facilitated by the liberalisation of finance seen elsewhere, and by an appetite holding for greater mortgage debt.

We say that an ultrafilter on an infinite group $G$ is DTC if it determines the topological centre of the semigroup $\beta G$. We prove that DTC ultrafilters do not exist for virtually BFC groups, and do exist for the countable groups that are not virtually FC. In particular, an infinite finitely generated group is virtually abelian if and only if it does not admit a DTC ultrafilter., Comment: 8 pages. Version 2 includes changes in section 3 and a correction in Example 5.4. Version 3 incorporates minor editing changes

Background: Studying nursing comes with a certain expectation to work hard and take a certain amount of time. A promising method called beta binaural beats is thought to improve cognitive functions.Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether listening to beta beats is an effective method for improving cognition among nursing students.Methods: A double-blinded experimental research design was utilized and measured the effects of the intervention towards memory, abstract reasoning and reading comprehension.Results: A total of 89 subjects participated in this study. Only the score of reading comprehension showed a significant difference (t=2.38, p= .02).Conclusion: The findings suggest that beta beats is an effective way in enhancing reading comprehension. However, findings show that beats aren’t effective in enhancing memory and abstract reasoning. Therefore, this may be used as a method to enhance learning

Health Heatmap of India is an open data platform built for bringing together data from diverse sources and facilitating visualization, analysis, and insight building from such data. In this paper, we describe the context and need for such an open data platform and describe the technical aspects of building it. The beta site of the portal is available at https://healthheatmapindia.org.

The article tells how the Proud Boys group, which is part of the Alt-Right movement, constructs masculinity. I examined the corpus comprising articles published on the official Proud Boys website. The methods used to conduct the research were characteristic of corpus linguistics. The paper takes into account how the Proud Boys group presents a “real” man, specifies his characteristics, checks if the image is coherent with the group’s promotional materials and also describes the negative stereotypes of a “beta male”, which is used to differentiate the desired patterns. The research further reviews the role of pornography in the organization’s communication and the image of women and womanhood resulting from its communication.

This paper studies the online machine minimization problem, where the jobs have real release times, uniform processing times and a common deadline. We investigate how the lookahead ability improves the performance of online algorithms. Two lookahead models are studied, that is, the additive lookahead and the multiplicative lookahead. At any time t, the online algorithm knows all the jobs to be released before time $$t+L$$ (or $$\beta \cdot t$$ ) in the additive (or multiplicative) lookahead model. We propose a $$\frac{e}{\alpha (e-1)+1}$$ -competitive online algorithm with the additive lookahead, where $$\alpha = \frac{L}{T} \le 1$$ and T is the common deadline of the jobs. For the multiplicative lookahead, we provide an online algorithm with a competitive ratio of $$\frac{\beta e}{(\beta -1) e +1}$$ , where $$\beta \ge 1$$ . Lower bounds are also provided for both of the two models, which show that our algorithms are optimal for two extreme cases, that is, $$\alpha = 0$$ (or $$\beta = 1$$ ) and $$\alpha = 1$$ (or $$\beta \rightarrow \infty $$ ), and remain a small gap for the cases in between. Particularly, for $$\alpha = 0$$ (or $$\beta = 1$$ ), the competitive ratio is e, which corresponds to the problem without lookahead. For $$\alpha = 1$$ (or $$\beta \rightarrow \infty $$ ), the competitive ratio is 1, which corresponds to the offline version (with full information).

In this paper, we introduce a new family of continuous distributions called the beta transmuted Dagum distribution which extends the beta and transmuted familys. The genesis of the beta distribution and transmuted map is used to develop the so-called beta transmuted Dagum (BTD) distribution. The hazard function, moments, moment generating function, quantiles and stress-strength of the beta transmuted Dagum distribution (BTD) are provided and discussed in detail. The method of maximum likelihood estimation is used for estimating the model parameters. A simulation study is carried out to show the performance of the maximum likelihood estimate of parameters of the new distribution. The usefulness of the new model is illustrated through an application to a real data set.

If we want to color $$1,2,\ldots ,n$$ with the property that all 3-term arithmetic progressions are rainbow (that is, their elements receive 3 distinct colors), then, obviously, we need to use at least n/2 colors. Surprisingly, much fewer colors suffice if we are allowed to leave a negligible proportion of integers uncolored. Specifically, we prove that there exist $$\alpha ,\beta

The paper discusses the concept of fuzzy set theory, interval-valued fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set, neutrosophic set and its operational laws. The paper presents the $$ \alpha ,\beta ,\gamma $$ -cut of single-valued triangular neutrosophic numbers and introduces the arithmetic operations of triangular neutrosophic numbers using $$ \alpha ,\beta ,\gamma $$ -cut. Then, possibilistic mean of truth membership function, indeterminacy membership function and falsity membership function is defined. The proposed approach converts each triangular neutrosophic number in linear programming problem to weighted value using possibilistic mean to determine the crisp linear programming problem. The proposed approach also considers the risk attitude of expert while deciding the parameters of linear programming model.

In late August 2017, the Brazilian non-profit laboratory for activism called Nossas Cidades (Our Cities) launched a feminist chatbot called Betânia, or Beta for short (See Figure 1). Beta is a text...

This study proposes an improved Fuzzy Programming (FP) approach to optimise multi-objective Aggregate Production Planning (APP) problem under uncertain environments. The proposed approach integrate...

The famous Littlewood–Paley conjecture is true for the starlike functions but it does not hold for close-to-convex functions. In fact, this conjecture does not hold for many well-defined subclasses of normalized univalent functions. The present work considers the classes of strongly $$\alpha $$ -logarithmic close-to-convex and logarithmic $$\alpha $$ -quasiconvex function of order $$\beta $$ . For these classes, bounds on the initial coefficients and the Littlewood–Paley conjecture have been discussed. Applying these results, certain conditions are investigated under which the Littlewood–Paley conjecture holds for these classes for large values of the parameters involved therein. Relevant connections of our results with the existing ones are also pointed out.

The global communities of Judaism have each generated distinctive bodies of writings, both for internal use (such as the works of individual religious leaders and unique liturgies for their formal ...

Actuaries are often in search of new distributions suitable for modeling financial and insurance losses. In this work, we propose a new family of distributions, called a new beta power transformed ...

The usage of the standard $h$ -index to compare scientists from different research fields is often misleading. To avoid this possible failure, based on the Sugeno integrals, three new modified indices $H_\alpha, H^\beta$ , and $H_\alpha ^\beta$ are proposed, thus, allowing to compensate the lower number of citations or of papers characteristic for a considered field. Our approach has a transparent geometric interpretation, and thus, it offers good candidates to replace the standard $h$ -index $H$ in considered databases, such as Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, or Google Scholar.

Some approximative characteristics of classes of periodic functions of many variables $$ {L}_{\beta, p}^{\psi }, $$ 1 < p < 1, in a uniform metric are investigated. The first part of the paper is devoted to the construction of estimates of the best orthogonal trigonometric approximations of the mentioned classes in the space L∞. In the second part, we have established the ordinal estimates of the orthoprojective widths of the classes $$ {L}_{\beta, p}^{\psi }, $$ 1 < p < 1, in the same space, as well as the estimates of another approximative characteristic which is close, in a definite meaning, to the orthoprojective width.

Summary Among the many disparities for which Brazil is known is the difference in performance across students who attend the three administrative levels of Brazilian public schools: federal, state and municipal. Our main goal is to investigate whether student performance in the Brazilian Mathematical Olympics for Public Schools is associated with school administrative level and student gender. For this, we propose a hurdle hierarchical beta model for the scores of students who took the examination in the second phase of these Olympics, in 2013. The mean of the beta model incorporates fixed and random effects at the student and school levels. We explore different distributions for the random school effect. As the posterior distributions of some fixed effects change in the presence, and distribution, of the random school effects, we also explore models that constrain random school effects to the orthogonal complement of the fixed effects. We conclude that male students perform slightly better than female students and that, on average, federal schools perform substantially better than state or municipal schools. However, some of the best municipal and state schools perform as well as some federal schools. We hypothesize that this is due to individual teachers who successfully motivate and prepare their students to perform well in the mathematical Olympics.

A new family of skew distributions is introduced by extending the alpha skew logistic distribution proposed by Hazarika-Chakraborty [9]. This family of distributions is called the alpha-beta skew logistic (ABSLG) distribution.Density function, moments, skewness and kurtosis coefficients are derived. The parameters of the new family are estimated by maximum likelihood and moments methods. The performance of the obtained estimators examined via a Monte carlo simulation. Flexibility, usefulness and suitability of ABSLG is illustrated by analyzing two real data sets.

A longstanding question in the second language acquisition literature is whether late second language (L2) learners process grammatical structures in a native-like manner. Here, we use Time Frequency Representation (TFR) analysis to test morpho-syntactic processing of clitic pronouns in native and late L2 learners of Spanish. The TFR results show overall similar power decreases in theta, alpha, and beta frequencies in both groups. Critically, the observed oscillatory effects persisted in time for native Spanish speakers, but declined earlier for L2 learners. We discuss the results using cell-assembly theory models for language processing (e.g., Pulvermüller, 1999) that posit a biphasic time-course for neural assemblies consisting of an early ignition (recognition) and a later reverberation (re-processing) phase. We propose a working hypothesis for L2 processing in tune with a cell-assembly theory suggesting that the length of the reverberation phase could be a distinguishing feature between native and L2 processing.

Spatial modulation (SM) is a new paradigm of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Recently, it is observed that SM training sequences derived from corss Z-complementary pairs (CZCPs) lead to optimal channel estimation performance over frequency-selective channels. Recent paper by Liu et al. discussed only perfect CZCPs. In this paper, we focus on non-perfect CZCPs. We introduce the term cross Z-complementary ratio and re-categorise the CZCPs, both perfect and non-perfect, based on that. We propose a systematic construction of CZCPs based on generalized Boolean functions (GBFs). We further extend the lengths of the CZCPs by using the insertion method. The proposed CZCPs are all of new lengths of the form $2^\alpha 10^\beta 26^\gamma +2(\alpha \geq 1)$ , $10^\beta +2$ , $26^\gamma +2$ and $10^\beta 26^\gamma +2$ . Finally we propose optimal binary CZCPs having parameters (12,5) and (24,11) from binary Barker sequences. These CZCPs are also extended to $(\text{12}N,5N)$ - CZCPs and $(\text{24}N,11N)$ - CZCPs, where $N$ is the length of a binary Golay complementary pair (GCP). We also found a new structural property of binary CZCPs and concluded all binary GCPs are also CZCPs. Finally, we give some numerical simulations to confirm that depending on the number of multi-paths, the proposed CZCPs can be used to design SM training matrix which attains the minimum mean square error.

We investigate some relationships between two vastly studied parameters of a simple graph $G$. These parameters include mixed domination number (denoted by $\gamma_m(G)$) and 2-independence number ($\beta_2(G)$). For a tree $T$, we obtain $\frac{3}{4}\beta_2(T)\ge \gamma_m(T)$ and characterized all those trees which attain the equality.

In \cite{st2017}, the authors introduced the so-called \emph{general divide and color models}. One of the most well-known examples of such a model is the Ising model with external field $h = 0$, which has a color representation given by the random cluster model. In this paper, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for this color representation to be unique. We also show that if one considers the Ising model on a complete graph, then for many $h > 0$, there is no color representation. This shows in particular that any generalization of the random cluster model which provides color representations of Ising models with external fields cannot, in general, be a generalized divide and color models. Furthermore, we show that there can be at most finitely many $��> 0$ at which the random cluster model can be continuously extended to a color representation for $h \not = 0$., 24 pages, 2 figures

The Betä Isra'el (Ethiopian Jews) have a unique history and religious tradition, one of the most fascinating aspects of which are the mäloksocc, commonly referred to as monks in scholarly and popular literature. The mäloksocc served as the supreme religious leaders of the Betä Isra'el and were charged with educating and initiating Betä Isra'el priests. They lived in separate compounds and observed severe purity laws prohibiting physical contact with the laity. Thus, they are the only known example in medieval and modern Jewry of ascetic communities withdrawing from the secular world and devoting themselves fully to religious life. This book presents the results of the first comprehensive research ever conducted on the way of life and material culture of the ascetic religious communities of the Betä Isra'el. A major part of this research is an archaeological survey, during which these religious centres were located and documented in detail for the first time.

Machine-learning regression models lack the interpretability of their conventional linear counterparts. Tree- and forest-based models offer feature importances, a vector of probabilities indicating the impact of each predictive variable on a model’s results. This brief note describes how to interpret the beta coefficients of the corresponding linear model so that they may be compared directly to feature importances in machine learning.

This paper addresses the problem of the Bayesian estimation of the inverted Beta-Liouville mixture model (IBLMM), which has a fairly flexible positive data modeling capability. This problem does not usually admit an analytically tractable solution. Sampling approaches (e.g., Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)) can be used to address this problem. However, these approaches are usually computationally demanding, and as a result, they may be impractical for real-world applications. Therefore, we adopt the recently proposed extended variational inference (EVI) framework to address this problem in an elegant way. First, some lower bound approximations are introduced to the evidence lower bound (ELBO) (i.e., the original objective function) in the conventional variational inference (VI) framework, which yields a computationally tractable lower bound. Then, we can derive a form-closed analytical solution by taking this bound as the new objective function and optimizing it with respect to individual variational factors. We verify the effectiveness of this method by using it in two real applications, namely, text categorization and face detection.

The advent of multi-core processors has increased the demand for programming concurrent systems. In this paper, we explore the use of SIMULA style coroutines and other primitives as a basis for defining a broad class of high-level concurrency abstractions including the definition of associated schedulers. The main contribution in this paper is an implementation of preemptive coroutines for a multi-core processor in an experimental version of Beta. The overall goal is to use a high-level language to program applications on a bare bone platform without an operating system.

$$\beta $$ β -Propeller proteins are common natural disc-like pseudo-symmetric proteins that contain multiple repeats (‘blades’) each consisting of a 4-stranded anti-parallel $$\beta $$ β -sheet. So far, 4- to 12-bladed $$\beta $$ β -propellers have been discovered in nature showing large functional and sequential variation. Using computational design approaches, we created perfectly symmetric $$\beta $$ β -propellers out of natural pseudo-symmetric templates. These proteins are useful tools to study protein evolution of this very diverse fold. While the 7-bladed architecture is the most common, no symmetric 7-bladed monomer has been created and characterized so far. Here we describe such a engineered protein, based on a highly symmetric natural template, and test the effects of circular permutation on its stability. Geometrical analysis of this protein and other artificial symmetrical proteins reveals no systematic constraint that could be used to help in engineering of this fold, and suggests sequence constraints unique to each $$\beta $$ β -propeller sub-family.

Learning robust representations can help uncover underlying biological variation in scRNA-seq data. Disentangled representation learning is one approach to obtain such informative as well as interpretable representations. Here, we learn disentangled representations of scRNA-seq data usingβvariational autoencoder (β-VAE) and apply the model for out-of-distribution (OOD) prediction. We demonstrate accurate gene expression predictions for cell-types absent from training in a perturbation and a developmental dataset. We further show thatβ-VAE outperforms a state-of-the-art disentanglement method for scRNA-seq in OOD prediction while achieving better disentanglement performance.

Pythagorean Neutrosophic set is a fresh idea that combines Pythagorean fuzzy set and Neutrosophic set having dependent components Membership \((\alpha )\) and non-membership \((\sigma )\) and independent component Indeterminacy \((\beta )\) satisfying the condition \(0\le \alpha ^{2}+\beta ^{2}+\sigma ^{2} \le 2\). The main goal of this study is to extend this concept to soft sets and define a new concept of Pythagorean Neutrosophic soft sets. This concept has been given a few definitions and operations, as well as some properties. An illustration is provided to demonstrate a novel decision-making technique based on Pythagorean neutrosophic soft sets.

The Cardioid (C) distribution is one of the most important models for modeling circular data. Although some of its structural properties have been derived, this distribution is not appropriate for asymmetry and multimodal phenomena in the circle, and then extensions are required. There are various general methods that can be used to produce circular distributions. This paper proposes four extensions of the C distribution based on the beta, Kumaraswamy, gamma, and Marshall–Olkin generators. We obtain a unique linear representation of their densities and some mathematical properties. Inference procedures for the parameters are also investigated. We perform two applications on real data, where the new models are compared to the C distribution and one of its extensions.

Delta-beta coupling is increasingly used to understand early emotional development. However, little is known about the development of the coupling, limiting its utility for identifying normative or aberrant functioning. We used a prospective longitudinal sample (N = 122) to compare measures of within-person and between-person coupling between ages 3 and 5, track the developmental trajectory of coupling, identify individual differences in patterns of development, and explore emotion-related predictors and outcomes of discrete developmental patterns. Within-person measures, limited in overall utility, were most useful when (1) statistical approaches produced more homogenous groups within the overall sample (extreme groups or latent classes) or (2) the full developmental course was considered. We found two trajectories of change in frontal coupling and three trajectories of change in parietal coupling. Coupling trajectories were predicted by observed fear and approach/avoidance at age 3. In addition, high levels of frontal coupling at age 3 that declined and then levelled out through age 5 were associated with lower levels of internalizing by age 5. This work provides a foundation for understanding normative change in delta-beta coupling across the preschool years and useful insight for the use of this metric in future work.